⚠️ Warning: This is a draft ⚠️
This means it might contain formatting issues, incorrect code, conceptual problems, or other severe issues.
If you want to help to improve and eventually enable this page, please fork RosettaGit's repository and open a merge request on GitHub.
{{task|Raster graphics operations}} [[Category:Input Output]]
Using the data storage type defined [[Basic_bitmap_storage|on this page]] for raster images, read an image from a PPM file (binary P6 prefered). (Read [[wp:Netpbm_format|the definition of PPM file]] on Wikipedia.)
'''Task''': Use [[write ppm file]] solution and [[grayscale image]] solution with this one in order to convert a color image to grayscale one.
Ada
with Ada.Characters.Latin_1; use Ada.Characters.Latin_1;
with Ada.Integer_Text_IO; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO;
with Ada.Streams.Stream_IO; use Ada.Streams.Stream_IO;
function Get_PPM (File : File_Type) return Image is
use Ada.Characters.Latin_1;
use Ada.Integer_Text_IO;
function Get_Line return String is -- Skips comments
Byte : Character;
Buffer : String (1..80);
begin
loop
for I in Buffer'Range loop
Character'Read (Stream (File), Byte);
if Byte = LF then
exit when Buffer (1) = '#';
return Buffer (1..I - 1);
end if;
Buffer (I) := Byte;
end loop;
if Buffer (1) /= '#' then
raise Data_Error;
end if;
end loop;
end Get_Line;
Height : Integer;
Width : Integer;
begin
if Get_Line /= "P6" then
raise Data_Error;
end if;
declare
Line : String := Get_Line;
Start : Integer := Line'First;
Last : Positive;
begin
Get (Line, Width, Last); Start := Start + Last;
Get (Line (Start..Line'Last), Height, Last); Start := Start + Last;
if Start <= Line'Last then
raise Data_Error;
end if;
if Width < 1 or else Height < 1 then
raise Data_Error;
end if;
end;
if Get_Line /= "255" then
raise Data_Error;
end if;
declare
Result : Image (1..Height, 1..Width);
Buffer : String (1..Width * 3);
Index : Positive;
begin
for I in Result'Range (1) loop
String'Read (Stream (File), Buffer);
Index := Buffer'First;
for J in Result'Range (2) loop
Result (I, J) :=
( R => Luminance (Character'Pos (Buffer (Index))),
G => Luminance (Character'Pos (Buffer (Index + 1))),
B => Luminance (Character'Pos (Buffer (Index + 2)))
);
Index := Index + 3;
end loop;
end loop;
return Result;
end;
end Get_PPM;
The implementation propagates Data_Error when the file format is incorrect. End_Error is propagated when the file end is prematurely met. The following example illustrates conversion of a color file to grayscale.
declare
F1, F2 : File_Type;
begin
Open (F1, In_File, "city.ppm");
Create (F2, Out_File, "city_grayscale.ppm");
Put_PPM (F2, Color (Grayscale (Get_PPM (F1))));
Close (F1);
Close (F2);
end;
AutoHotkey
{{works with | AutoHotkey_L}} Only ppm6 files supported.
img := ppm_read("lena50.ppm") ;
x := img[4,4] ; get pixel(4,4)
y := img[24,24] ; get pixel(24,24)
msgbox % x.rgb() " " y.rgb()
img.write("lena50copy.ppm")
return
ppm_read(filename, ppmo=0) ; only ppm6 files supported
{
if !ppmo ; if image not already in memory, read from filename
fileread, ppmo, % filename
index := 1
pos := 1
loop, parse, ppmo, `n, `r
{
if (substr(A_LoopField, 1, 1) == "#")
continue
loop,
{
if !pos := regexmatch(ppmo, "\d+", pixel, pos)
break
bitmap%A_Index% := pixel
if (index == 4)
Break
pos := regexmatch(ppmo, "\s", x, pos)
index ++
}
}
type := bitmap1
width := bitmap2
height := bitmap3
maxcolor := bitmap4
bitmap := Bitmap(width, height, color(0,0,0))
index := 1
i := 1
j := 1
bits := pos
loop % width * height
{
bitmap[i, j, "r"] := numget(ppmo, 3 * A_Index + bits, "uchar")
bitmap[i, j, "g"] := numget(ppmo, 3 * A_Index + bits + 1, "uchar")
bitmap[i, j, "b"] := numget(ppmo, 3 * A_Index + bits + 2, "uchar")
if (j == width)
{
j := 1
i += 1
}
else
j++
}
return bitmap
}
#include bitmap_storage.ahk ; from http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Basic_bitmap_storage/AutoHotkey
BBC BASIC
{{works with|BBC BASIC for Windows}}
f% = OPENIN("c:\lena.ppm")
IF f%=0 ERROR 100, "Failed to open input file"
IF GET$#f% <> "P6" ERROR 101, "File is not in P6 format"
REPEAT
in$ = GET$#f%
UNTIL LEFT$(in$,1) <> "#"
size$ = in$
max$ = GET$#f%
Width% = VAL(size$)
space% = INSTR(size$, " ")
Height% = VALMID$(size$, space%)
VDU 23,22,Width%;Height%;8,16,16,128
FOR y% = Height%-1 TO 0 STEP -1
FOR x% = 0 TO Width%-1
r% = BGET#f% : g% = BGET#f% : b% = BGET#f%
l% = INT(0.3*r% + 0.59*g% + 0.11*b% + 0.5)
PROCsetpixel(x%,y%,l%,l%,l%)
NEXT
NEXT y%
END
DEF PROCsetpixel(x%,y%,r%,g%,b%)
COLOUR 1,r%,g%,b%
GCOL 1
LINE x%*2,y%*2,x%*2,y%*2
ENDPROC
C
It is up to the caller to open the file and pass the handler to the function. So this code can be used in [[Read image file through a pipe]] without modification. It only understands the P6 file format.
Interface:
image get_ppm(FILE *pf);
Implementation:
#include "imglib.h"
#define PPMREADBUFLEN 256
image get_ppm(FILE *pf)
{
char buf[PPMREADBUFLEN], *t;
image img;
unsigned int w, h, d;
int r;
if (pf == NULL) return NULL;
t = fgets(buf, PPMREADBUFLEN, pf);
/* the code fails if the white space following "P6" is not '\n' */
if ( (t == NULL) || ( strncmp(buf, "P6\n", 3) != 0 ) ) return NULL;
do
{ /* Px formats can have # comments after first line */
t = fgets(buf, PPMREADBUFLEN, pf);
if ( t == NULL ) return NULL;
} while ( strncmp(buf, "#", 1) == 0 );
r = sscanf(buf, "%u %u", &w, &h);
if ( r < 2 ) return NULL;
r = fscanf(pf, "%u", &d);
if ( (r < 1) || ( d != 255 ) ) return NULL;
fseek(pf, 1, SEEK_CUR); /* skip one byte, should be whitespace */
img = alloc_img(w, h);
if ( img != NULL )
{
size_t rd = fread(img->buf, sizeof(pixel), w*h, pf);
if ( rd < w*h )
{
free_img(img);
return NULL;
}
return img;
}
}
The following acts as a filter to convert a PPM file read from standard input into a PPM gray image, and it outputs the converted image to standard output (see [[Grayscale image]], [[Write ppm file]], and [[Raster graphics operations]] in general):
#include <stdio.h>
#include "imglib.h"
int main()
{
image source;
grayimage idest;
source = get_ppm(stdin);
idest = tograyscale(source);
free_img(source);
source = tocolor(idest);
output_ppm(stdout, source);
free_img(source); free_img((image)idest);
return 0;
}
C#
Tested with [[Write ppm file#C.23|this solution.]]
using System.IO;
class PPMReader
{
public static Bitmap ReadBitmapFromPPM(string file)
{
var reader = new BinaryReader(new FileStream(file, FileMode.Open));
if (reader.ReadChar() != 'P' || reader.ReadChar() != '6')
return null;
reader.ReadChar(); //Eat newline
string widths = "", heights = "";
char temp;
while ((temp = reader.ReadChar()) != ' ')
widths += temp;
while ((temp = reader.ReadChar()) >= '0' && temp <= '9')
heights += temp;
if (reader.ReadChar() != '2' || reader.ReadChar() != '5' || reader.ReadChar() != '5')
return null;
reader.ReadChar(); //Eat the last newline
int width = int.Parse(widths),
height = int.Parse(heights);
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(width, height);
//Read in the pixels
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
bitmap.SetPixel(x, y, new Bitmap.Color()
{
Red = reader.ReadByte(),
Green = reader.ReadByte(),
Blue = reader.ReadByte()
});
return bitmap;
}
}
Common Lisp
The function read-ppm-image reads either a P6 or P3 file depending on the file contents. The package description assumes that you have the [[Basic bitmap storage#Common Lisp]] package.
(in-package #:rgb-pixel-buffer)
(defparameter *whitespaces-chars* '(#\SPACE #\RETURN #\TAB #\NEWLINE #\LINEFEED))
(defun read-header-chars (stream &optional (delimiter-list *whitespaces-chars*))
(do ((c (read-char stream nil :eof)
(read-char stream nil :eof))
(vals nil (if (or (null c) (char= c #\#)) vals (cons c vals)))) ;;don't collect comment chars
((or (eql c :eof) (member c delimiter-list)) (map 'string #'identity (nreverse vals))) ;;return strings
(when (char= c #\#) ;;skip comments
(read-line stream))))
(defun read-ppm-file-header (file)
(with-open-file (s file :direction :input)
(do ((failure-count 0 (1+ failure-count))
(tokens nil (let ((t1 (read-header-chars s)))
(if (> (length t1) 0)
(cons t1 tokens)
tokens))))
((>= (length tokens) 4) (values (nreverse tokens)
(file-position s)))
(when (>= failure-count 10)
(error (format nil "File ~a does not seem to be a proper ppm file - maybe too many comment lines" file)))
(when (= (length tokens) 1)
(when (not (or (string= (first tokens) "P6") (string= (first tokens) "P3")))
(error (format nil "File ~a is not a ppm file - wrong magic-number. Read ~a instead of P6 or P3 " file (first tokens))))))))
(defun read-ppm-image (file)
(flet ((image-data-reader (stream start-position width height image-build-function read-function)
(file-position stream start-position)
(dotimes (row height)
(dotimes (col width)
(funcall image-build-function row col (funcall read-function stream))))))
(multiple-value-bind (header file-pos) (read-ppm-file-header file)
(let* ((image-type (first header))
(width (parse-integer (second header) :junk-allowed t))
(height (parse-integer (third header) :junk-allowed t))
(max-value (parse-integer (fourth header) :junk-allowed t))
(image (make-rgb-pixel-buffer width height)))
(when (> max-value 255)
(error "unsupported depth - convert to 1byte depth with pamdepth"))
(cond ((string= "P6" image-type)
(with-open-file (stream file :direction :input :element-type '(unsigned-byte 8))
(image-data-reader stream
file-pos
width
height
#'(lambda (w h val)
(setf (rgb-pixel image w h) val))
#'(lambda (stream)
(make-rgb-pixel (read-byte stream)
(read-byte stream)
(read-byte stream))))
image))
((string= "P3" image-type)
(with-open-file (stream file :direction :input)
(image-data-reader stream
file-pos
width
height
#'(lambda (w h val)
(setf (rgb-pixel image w h) val))
#'(lambda (stream)
(make-rgb-pixel (read stream)
(read stream)
(read stream))))
image))
(t 'unsupported))
image))))
(export 'read-ppm-image)
To read the feep.ppm file as shown on the description page for the ppm format use:
(read-ppm-image "feep.ppm")
D
The Image module contains a loadPPM6 function to load binary PPM images.
E
.asChar
def readPPM(inputStream) {
# Proper native-to-E stream IO facilities have not been designed and
# implemented yet, so we are borrowing Java's. Poorly. This *will* be
# improved eventually.
# Reads one header token, skipping comments and whitespace, and exactly
# one trailing whitespace character
def readToken() {
var token := ""
var c := chr(inputStream.read())
while (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n' || c == '#') {
if (c == '#') {
while (c != '\n') { c := chr(inputStream.read()) }
}
# skip over initial whitespace
c := chr(inputStream.read())
}
while (!(c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')) {
if (c == '#') {
while (c != '\n') { c := chr(inputStream.read()) }
} else {
token += E.toString(c)
c := chr(inputStream.read())
}
}
return token
}
# Header
require(readToken() == "P6")
def width := __makeInt(readToken())
def height := __makeInt(readToken())
def maxval := __makeInt(readToken())
def size := width * height * 3
# Body
# See [[Basic bitmap storage]] for the definition and origin of sign()
def data := <elib:tables.makeFlexList>.fromType(<type:java.lang.Byte>, size)
if (maxval >= 256) {
for _ in 1..size {
data.push(sign((inputStream.read() * 256 + inputStream.read()) * 255 // maxval))
}
} else {
for _ in 1..size {
data.push(sign(inputStream.read() * 255 // maxval))
}
}
def image := makeImage(width, height)
image.replace(data.snapshot())
return image
}
[[Category:E examples needing attention]]Note: As of this writing the [[grayscale image]] task has not been implemented, so the task code (below) won't actually run yet. But readPPM above has been tested separately.
def readPPMTask(inputFile, outputFile) {
makeGrayscale \
.fromColor(readPPM(<import:java.io.makeFileInputStream>(inputFile))) \
.toColor() \
.writePPM(<import:java.io.makeFileOutputStream>(outputFile))
}
Erlang
% This module provides basic operations on ppm files:
% Read from file, create ppm in memory (from generic bitmap) and save to file.
% Writing PPM files was introduced in roseta code task 'Bitmap/Write a PPM file'
% but the same code is included here to provide whole set of operations on ppm
% needed for purposes of this task.
-module(ppm).
-export([ppm/1, write/2, read/1]).
% constants for writing ppm file
-define(WHITESPACE, <<10>>).
-define(SPACE, <<32>>).
% constants for reading ppm file
-define(WHITESPACES, [9, 10, 13, 32]).
-define(PPM_HEADER, "P6").
% data structure introduced in task Bitmap (module ros_bitmap.erl)
-record(bitmap, {
mode = rgb,
pixels = nil,
shape = {0, 0}
}).
%%%%%%%%% API %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% read ppm file from file
read(Filename) ->
{ok, File} = file:read_file(Filename),
parse(File).
% create ppm image from bitmap record
ppm(Bitmap) ->
{Width, Height} = Bitmap#bitmap.shape,
Pixels = ppm_pixels(Bitmap),
Maxval = 255, % original ppm format maximum
list_to_binary([
header(), width_and_height(Width, Height), maxval(Maxval), Pixels]).
% write bitmap as ppm file
write(Bitmap, Filename) ->
Ppm = ppm(Bitmap),
{ok, File} = file:open(Filename, [binary, write]),
file:write(File, Ppm),
file:close(File).
%%%%%%%%% Reading PPM %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
parse(Binary) ->
{?PPM_HEADER, Data} = get_next_token(Binary),
{Width, HeightAndRest} = get_next_token(Data),
{Height, MaxValAndRest} = get_next_token(HeightAndRest),
{_MaxVal, RawPixels} = get_next_token(MaxValAndRest),
Shape = {list_to_integer(Width), list_to_integer(Height)},
Pixels = load_pixels(RawPixels),
#bitmap{pixels=Pixels, shape=Shape}.
% load binary as a list of RGB triplets
load_pixels(Binary) when is_binary(Binary)->
load_pixels([], Binary).
load_pixels(Acc, <<>>) ->
array:from_list(lists:reverse(Acc));
load_pixels(Acc, <<R, G, B, Rest/binary>>) ->
load_pixels([<<R,G,B>>|Acc], Rest).
is_whitespace(Byte) ->
lists:member(Byte, ?WHITESPACES).
% get next part of PPM file, skip whitespaces, and return the rest of a binary
get_next_token(Binary) ->
get_next_token("", true, Binary).
get_next_token(CurrentToken, false, <<Byte, Rest/binary>>) ->
case is_whitespace(Byte) of
true ->
{lists:reverse(CurrentToken), Rest};
false ->
get_next_token([Byte | CurrentToken], false, Rest)
end;
get_next_token(CurrentToken, true, <<Byte, Rest/binary>>) ->
case is_whitespace(Byte) of
true ->
get_next_token(CurrentToken, true, Rest);
false ->
get_next_token([Byte | CurrentToken], false, Rest)
end.
%%%%%%%%% Writing PPM %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
header() ->
[<<"P6">>, ?WHITESPACE].
width_and_height(Width, Height) ->
[encode_decimal(Width), ?SPACE, encode_decimal(Height), ?WHITESPACE].
maxval(Maxval) ->
[encode_decimal(Maxval), ?WHITESPACE].
ppm_pixels(Bitmap) ->
% 24 bit color depth
array:to_list(Bitmap#bitmap.pixels).
encode_decimal(Number) ->
integer_to_list(Number).
Usage in accordance with Grayscale Task:
Colorful = ppm:read("colorful.ppm"),
Gray = ros_bitmap:convert(ros_bitmap:convert(Colorful, grey), rgb),
ppm:write(Gray, "gray.ppm"),
Euphoria
include get.e
function get2(integer fn)
sequence temp
temp = get(fn)
return temp[2] - temp[1]*temp[1]
end function
function read_ppm(sequence filename)
sequence image, line
integer dimx, dimy, maxcolor
atom fn
fn = open(filename, "rb")
if fn < 0 then
return -1 -- unable to open
end if
line = gets(fn)
if not equal(line,"P6\n") then
return -1 -- only ppm6 files are supported
end if
dimx = get2(fn)
if dimx < 0 then
return -1
end if
dimy = get2(fn)
if dimy < 0 then
return -1
end if
maxcolor = get2(fn)
if maxcolor != 255 then
return -1 -- maxcolors other then 255 are not supported
end if
image = repeat(repeat(0,dimy),dimx)
for y = 1 to dimy do
for x = 1 to dimx do
image[x][y] = getc(fn)*#10000 + getc(fn)*#100 + getc(fn)
end for
end for
close(fn)
return image
end function
Converting an image to grayscale:
sequence image
image = read_ppm("image.ppm")
image = to_gray(image)
image = to_color(image)
write_ppm("image_gray.ppm",image)
FBSL
Read a colored PPM file, convert it to grayscale and write back to disk under a different name. Sanity checks are omitted for brevity.
'''24-bpp P6 PPM solution:''' [[File:FBSLLena.png|right]]
#ESCAPECHARS ON
DIM colored = ".\\Lena.ppm", grayscale = ".\\LenaGry.ppm"
DIM head, tail, r, g, b, l, ptr, blobsize
FILEGET(FILEOPEN(colored, BINARY), FILELEN(colored)): FILECLOSE(FILEOPEN) ' Load buffer
blobsize = INSTR(FILEGET, "\n255\n") + 4 ' Get sizeof PPM header
head = @FILEGET + blobsize: tail = @FILEGET + FILELEN ' Set loop bounds
FOR ptr = head TO tail STEP 3 ' Transform color triplets
r = PEEK(ptr + 0, 1) ' Read colors stored in RGB order
g = PEEK(ptr + 1, 1)
b = PEEK(ptr + 2, 1)
l = 0.2126 * r + 0.7152 * g + 0.0722 * b ' Derive luminance
POKE(ptr + 0, CHR(l))(ptr + 1, CHR)(ptr + 2, CHR) ' Write grayscale
NEXT
FILEPUT(FILEOPEN(grayscale, BINARY_NEW), FILEGET): FILECLOSE(FILEOPEN) ' Save buffer
Forth
: read-ppm { fid -- bmp }
pad dup 80 fid read-line throw 0= abort" Partial line"
s" P6" compare abort" Only P6 supported."
pad dup 80 fid read-line throw 0= abort" Partial line"
0. 2swap >number
1 /string \ skip space
0. 2swap >number
2drop drop nip ( w h )
bitmap { bmp }
pad dup 80 fid read-line throw 0= abort" Partial line"
s" 255" compare abort" Only 8-bits per color channel supported"
0 pad !
bmp bdim
0 do
dup 0 do
pad 3 fid read-file throw
3 - abort" Not enough pixel data in file"
pad @ i j bmp b!
loop
loop drop
bmp ;
\ testing round-trip
4 3 bitmap value test
red test bfill
green 1 2 test b!
s" red.ppm" w/o create-file throw
test over write-ppm
close-file throw
s" red.ppm" r/o open-file throw
dup read-ppm value test2
close-file throw
: bsize ( bmp -- len ) bdim * pixels bdata ;
test dup bsize test2 dup bsize compare . \ 0 if identical
Fortran
{{works with|Fortran|90 and later}}
(This function is part of module RCImageIO, see [[Write ppm file#Fortran|Write ppm file]])
subroutine read_ppm(u, img)
integer, intent(in) :: u
type(rgbimage), intent(out) :: img
integer :: i, j, ncol, cc
character(2) :: sign
character :: ccode
img%width = 0
img%height = 0
nullify(img%red)
nullify(img%green)
nullify(img%blue)
read(u, '(A2)') sign
read(u, *) img%width, img%height
read(u, *) ncol
write(0,*) sign
write(0,*) img%width, img%height
write(0,*) ncol
if ( ncol /= 255 ) return
call alloc_img(img, img%width, img%height)
if ( valid_image(img) ) then
do j=1, img%height
do i=1, img%width
read(u, '(A1)', advance='no', iostat=status) ccode
cc = iachar(ccode)
img%red(i,j) = cc
read(u, '(A1)', advance='no', iostat=status) ccode
cc = iachar(ccode)
img%green(i,j) = cc
read(u, '(A1)', advance='no', iostat=status) ccode
cc = iachar(ccode)
img%blue(i,j) = cc
end do
end do
end if
end subroutine read_ppm
'''Notes''':
- doing formatted I/O with Fortran is a pain... And unformatted does not mean ''free''; Fortran2003 has ''streams'', but they are not implemented (yet) in GNU Fortran compiler. Here (as in the write part) I've tried to handle the PPM format through formatted I/O. The tests worked but I have not tried still everything.
- comments after the first line are not handled
Go
package raster
import (
"errors"
"io"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"regexp"
"strconv"
)
// ReadFrom constructs a Bitmap object from an io.Reader.
func ReadPpmFrom(r io.Reader) (b *Bitmap, err error) {
var all []byte
all, err = ioutil.ReadAll(r)
if err != nil {
return
}
bss := rxHeader.FindSubmatch(all)
if bss == nil {
return nil, errors.New("unrecognized ppm header")
}
x, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(bss[3]))
y, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(bss[6]))
maxval, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(bss[9]))
if maxval > 255 {
return nil, errors.New("16 bit ppm not supported")
}
allCmts := append(append(append(bss[1], bss[4]...), bss[7]...), bss[10]...)
b = NewBitmap(x, y)
b.Comments = rxComment.FindAllString(string(allCmts), -1)
b3 := all[len(bss[0]):]
var n1 int
for i := range b.px {
b.px[i].R = byte(int(b3[n1]) * 255 / maxval)
b.px[i].G = byte(int(b3[n1+1]) * 255 / maxval)
b.px[i].B = byte(int(b3[n1+2]) * 255 / maxval)
n1 += 3
}
return
}
const (
// single whitespace character
ws = "[ \n\r\t\v\f]"
// isolated comment
cmt = "#[^\n\r]*"
// comment sub expression
cmts = "(" + ws + "*" + cmt + "[\n\r])"
// number with leading comments
num = "(" + cmts + "+" + ws + "*|" + ws + "+)([0-9]+)"
)
var rxHeader = regexp.MustCompile("^P6" + num + num + num +
"(" + cmts + "*" + ")" + ws)
var rxComment = regexp.MustCompile(cmt)
// ReadFile writes binary P6 format PPM from the specified filename.
func ReadPpmFile(fn string) (b *Bitmap, err error) {
var f *os.File
if f, err = os.Open(fn); err != nil {
return
}
if b, err = ReadPpmFrom(f); err != nil {
return
}
return b, f.Close()
}
Demonstration program, also demonstrating functions from task [[Grayscale image]]:
package main
// Files required to build supporting package raster are found in:
// * This task (immediately above)
// * Bitmap
// * Grayscale image
// * Write a PPM file
import (
"raster"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
// (A file with this name is output by the Go solution to the task
// "Bitmap/Read an image through a pipe," but of course any 8-bit
// P6 PPM file should work.)
b, err := raster.ReadPpmFile("pipein.ppm")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
b = b.Grmap().Bitmap()
err = b.WritePpmFile("grayscale.ppm")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
}
Haskell
The definition of Bitmap.Netpbm.readNetpbm is given [[Write ppm file|here]].
import Bitmap
import Bitmap.RGB
import Bitmap.Gray
import Bitmap.Netpbm
import Control.Monad
import Control.Monad.ST
main =
(readNetpbm "original.ppm" :: IO (Image RealWorld RGB)) >>=
stToIO . toGrayImage >>=
writeNetpbm "new.pgm"
The above writes a PGM, not a PPM, since the image being output is in grayscale. If you actually want a gray PPM, convert the Image RealWorld Gray back to an Image RealWorld RGB first:
main =
(readNetpbm "original.ppm" :: IO (Image RealWorld RGB)) >>=
stToIO . (toRGBImage <=< toGrayImage) >>=
writeNetpbm "new.ppm"
J
'''Solution:'''
Uses makeRGB from [[Basic bitmap storage#J|Basic bitmap storage]].
require 'files'
readppm=: monad define
dat=. fread y NB. read from file
msk=. 1 ,~ (*. 3 >: +/\) (LF&=@}: *. '#'&~:@}.) dat NB. mark field ends
't wbyh maxval dat'=. msk <;._2 dat NB. parse
'wbyh maxval'=. 2 1([ {. [: _99&". (LF,' ')&charsub)&.> wbyh;maxval NB. convert to numeric
if. (_99 0 +./@e. wbyh,maxval) +. 'P6' -.@-: 2{.t do. _1 return. end.
(a. i. dat) makeRGB |.wbyh NB. convert to basic bitmap format
)
'''Example:'''
Using utilities and file from [[Grayscale image#J|Grayscale image]] and [[Write ppm file#J|Write ppm file]].
Writes a gray PPM file (a color format) which is bigger than necessary. A PGM file would be more appropriate.
myimg=: readppm jpath '~temp/myimg.ppm'
myimgGray=: toColor toGray myimg
myimgGray writeppm jpath '~temp/myimgGray.ppm'
Julia
{{works with|Julia|0.6}}
using Images, FileIO, Netpbm
rgbimg = load("data/bitmapInputTest.ppm")
greyimg = Gray.(rgbimg)
save("data/bitmapOutputTest.ppm", greyimg)
Kotlin
For convenience, we repeat the code for the class used in the [[Bitmap]] task here and integrate the code in the [[Grayscale image]] task within it.
// Version 1.2.40
import java.awt.Color
import java.awt.Graphics
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
import java.io.FileInputStream
import java.io.PushbackInputStream
import java.io.File
import javax.imageio.ImageIO
class BasicBitmapStorage(width: Int, height: Int) {
val image = BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR)
fun fill(c: Color) {
val g = image.graphics
g.color = c
g.fillRect(0, 0, image.width, image.height)
}
fun setPixel(x: Int, y: Int, c: Color) = image.setRGB(x, y, c.getRGB())
fun getPixel(x: Int, y: Int) = Color(image.getRGB(x, y))
fun toGrayScale() {
for (x in 0 until image.width) {
for (y in 0 until image.height) {
var rgb = image.getRGB(x, y)
val red = (rgb shr 16) and 0xFF
val green = (rgb shr 8) and 0xFF
val blue = rgb and 0xFF
val lumin = (0.2126 * red + 0.7152 * green + 0.0722 * blue).toInt()
rgb = (lumin shl 16) or (lumin shl 8) or lumin
image.setRGB(x, y, rgb)
}
}
}
}
fun PushbackInputStream.skipComment() {
while (read().toChar() != '\n') {}
}
fun PushbackInputStream.skipComment(buffer: ByteArray) {
var nl: Int
while (true) {
nl = buffer.indexOf(10) // look for newline at end of comment
if (nl != -1) break
read(buffer) // read another buffer full if newline not yet found
}
val len = buffer.size
if (nl < len - 1) unread(buffer, nl + 1, len - nl - 1)
}
fun Byte.toUInt() = if (this < 0) 256 + this else this.toInt()
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
// use file, output.ppm, created in the Bitmap/Write a PPM file task
val pbis = PushbackInputStream(FileInputStream("output.ppm"), 80)
pbis.use {
with (it) {
val h1 = read().toChar()
val h2 = read().toChar()
val h3 = read().toChar()
if (h1 != 'P' || h2 != '6' || h3 != '\n') {
println("Not a P6 PPM file")
System.exit(1)
}
val sb = StringBuilder()
while (true) {
val r = read().toChar()
if (r == '#') { skipComment(); continue }
if (r == ' ') break // read until space reached
sb.append(r.toChar())
}
val width = sb.toString().toInt()
sb.setLength(0)
while (true) {
val r = read().toChar()
if (r == '#') { skipComment(); continue }
if (r == '\n') break // read until new line reached
sb.append(r.toChar())
}
val height = sb.toString().toInt()
sb.setLength(0)
while (true) {
val r = read().toChar()
if (r == '#') { skipComment(); continue }
if (r == '\n') break // read until new line reached
sb.append(r.toChar())
}
val maxCol = sb.toString().toInt()
if (maxCol !in 0..255) {
println("Maximum color value is outside the range 0..255")
System.exit(1)
}
var buffer = ByteArray(80)
// get rid of any more opening comments before reading data
while (true) {
read(buffer)
if (buffer[0].toChar() == '#') {
skipComment(buffer)
}
else {
unread(buffer)
break
}
}
// read data
val bbs = BasicBitmapStorage(width, height)
buffer = ByteArray(width * 3)
var y = 0
while (y < height) {
read(buffer)
for (x in 0 until width) {
val c = Color(
buffer[x * 3].toUInt(),
buffer[x * 3 + 1].toUInt(),
buffer[x * 3 + 2].toUInt()
)
bbs.setPixel(x, y, c)
}
y++
}
// convert to grayscale and save to a file
bbs.toGrayScale()
val grayFile = File("output_gray.jpg")
ImageIO.write(bbs.image, "jpg", grayFile)
}
}
}
M2000 Interpreter
Now function Bitmap has double signature. With two numbers make a bitmap,with all pixels white. With one number, expect that it is a file number and read file, and then return the bitmap.
Module Checkit {
Function Bitmap {
If match("NN") then {
Read x as long, y as long
} else.if Match("N") Then {
\\ is a file?
Read f
if not Eof(f) then {
Line Input #f, p3$
If p3$="P3" Then {
Line Input #f, Comment$
if left$(Comment$,1)="#" then {
Line Input #f, Dimension$
} else Dimension$=Comment$
long x=Val(piece$(Dimension$," ")(0))
long y=Val(piece$(Dimension$," ")(1))
do {
Line Input #f, P255$
} until left$(P255$, 1)<>"#"
If not P255$="255" then Error "Not proper ppm format"
}
}
} else Error "No proper arguments"
if x<1 or y<1 then Error "Wrong dimensions"
structure rgb {
red as byte
green as byte
blue as byte
}
m=len(rgb)*x mod 4
if m>0 then m=4-m ' add some bytes to raster line
m+=len(rgb) *x
Structure rasterline {
{
pad as byte*m
}
\\ union pad+hline
hline as rgb*x
}
Structure Raster {
magic as integer*4
w as integer*4
h as integer*4
lines as rasterline*y
}
Buffer Clear Image1 as Raster
\\ 24 chars as header to be used from bitmap render build in functions
Return Image1, 0!magic:="cDIB", 0!w:=Hex$(x,2), 0!h:=Hex$(y, 2)
\\ fill white (all 255)
\\ Str$(string) convert to ascii, so we get all characters from words width to byte width
if not valid(f) then Return Image1, 0!lines:=Str$(String$(chrcode$(255), Len(rasterline)*y))
Buffer Clear Pad as Byte*4
SetPixel=Lambda Image1, Pad,aLines=Len(Raster)-Len(Rasterline), blines=-Len(Rasterline) (x, y, c) ->{
where=alines+3*x+blines*y
if c>0 then c=color(c)
c-!
Return Pad, 0:=c as long
Return Image1, 0!where:=Eval(Pad, 2) as byte, 0!where+1:=Eval(Pad, 1) as byte, 0!where+2:=Eval(Pad, 0) as byte
}
GetPixel=Lambda Image1,aLines=Len(Raster)-Len(Rasterline), blines=-Len(Rasterline) (x,y) ->{
where=alines+3*x+blines*y
=color(Eval(image1, where+2 as byte), Eval(image1, where+1 as byte), Eval(image1, where as byte))
}
StrDib$=Lambda$ Image1, Raster -> {
=Eval$(Image1, 0, Len(Raster))
}
CopyImage=Lambda Image1 (image$) -> {
if left$(image$,12)=Eval$(Image1, 0, 24 ) Then {
Return Image1, 0:=Image$
} Else Error "Can't Copy Image"
}
Export2File=Lambda Image1, x, y (f) -> {
\\ use this between open and close
Print #f, "P3"
Print #f,"# Created using M2000 Interpreter"
Print #f, x;" ";y
Print #f, 255
x2=x-1
where=24
For y1= 0 to y-1 {
a$=""
For x1=0 to x2 {
Print #f, a$;Eval(Image1, where+2 as byte);" ";
Print #f, Eval(Image1, where+1 as byte);" ";
Print #f, Eval(Image1, where as byte);
where+=3
a$=" "
}
Print #f
m=where mod 4
if m<>0 then where+=4-m
}
}
if valid(F) then {
'load RGB values form file
x0=x-1
where=24
For y1=y-1 to 0 {
do {
Line Input #f, aline$
} until left$(aline$,1)<>"#"
flush ' empty stack
Stack aline$ ' place all values to stack as FIFO
For x1=0 to x0 {
\\ now read from stack using Number
Return Image1, 0!where+2:=Number as byte, 0!where+1:=Number as byte, 0!where:=Number as byte
where+=3
}
m=where mod 4
if m<>0 then where+=4-m
}
}
Group Bitmap {
SetPixel=SetPixel
GetPixel=GetPixel
Image$=StrDib$
Copy=CopyImage
ToFile=Export2File
}
=Bitmap
}
A=Bitmap(10, 10)
Call A.SetPixel(5,5, color(128,0,255))
Open "A.PPM" for Output as #F
Call A.ToFile(F)
Close #f
Open "A.PPM" for Input as #F
Try {
C=Bitmap(f)
Copy 400*twipsx,200*twipsy use C.Image$()
}
Close #f
' is the same as this one
Open "A.PPM" for Input as #F
Line Input #f, p3$
If p3$="P3" Then {
Line Input #f, Comment$
if left$(Comment$,1)="#" then {
Line Input #f, Dimension$
} else Dimension$=Comment$
Long x=Val(piece$(Dimension$," ")(0))
Long y=Val(piece$(Dimension$," ")(1))
do {
Line Input #f, P255$
} until left$(P255$, 1)<>"#"
If not P255$="255" then Error "Not proper ppm format"
B=Bitmap(x, y)
x0=x-1
For y1=y-1 to 0 {
do {
Line Input #f, aline$
} until left$(aline$,1)<>"#"
flush ' empty stack
Stack aline$ ' place all values to stack as FIFO
For x1=0 to x0 {
\\ now read from stack
Read red, green, blue
Call B.setpixel(x1, y1, Color(red, green, blue))
}
}
}
Close #f
If valid("B") then Copy 200*twipsx,200*twipsy use B.Image$()
}
Checkit
=={{header|Mathematica}}/ {{header|Wolfram Language}}==
Import["file.ppm","PPM"]
Lua
function Read_PPM( filename )
local fp = io.open( filename, "rb" )
if fp == nil then return nil end
local data = fp:read( "*line" )
if data ~= "P6" then return nil end
repeat
data = fp:read( "*line" )
until string.find( data, "#" ) == nil
local image = {}
local size_x, size_y
size_x = string.match( data, "%d+" )
size_y = string.match( data, "%s%d+" )
data = fp:read( "*line" )
if tonumber(data) ~= 255 then return nil end
for i = 1, size_x do
image[i] = {}
end
for j = 1, size_y do
for i = 1, size_x do
image[i][j] = { string.byte( fp:read(1) ), string.byte( fp:read(1) ), string.byte( fp:read(1) ) }
end
end
fp:close()
return image
end
Nim
import strutils
proc readPPM(f: TFile): Image =
if f.readLine != "P6":
raise newException(E_base, "Invalid file format")
var line = ""
while f.readLine(line):
if line[0] != '#':
break
var parts = line.split(" ")
result = img(parseInt parts[0], parseInt parts[1])
if f.readLine != "255":
raise newException(E_base, "Invalid file format")
var
arr: array[256, int8]
read = f.readBytes(arr, 0, 256)
pos = 0
while read != 0:
for i in 0 .. < read:
case pos mod 3
of 0: result.pixels[pos div 3].r = arr[i].uint8
of 1: result.pixels[pos div 3].g = arr[i].uint8
of 2: result.pixels[pos div 3].b = arr[i].uint8
else: discard
inc pos
read = f.readBytes(arr, 0, 256)
OCaml
let read_ppm ~filename =
let ic = open_in filename in
let line = input_line ic in
if line <> "P6" then invalid_arg "not a P6 ppm file";
let line = input_line ic in
let line =
try if line.[0] = '#' (* skip comments *)
then input_line ic
else line
with _ -> line
in
let width, height =
Scanf.sscanf line "%d %d" (fun w h -> (w, h))
in
let line = input_line ic in
if line <> "255" then invalid_arg "not a 8 bit depth image";
let all_channels =
let kind = Bigarray.int8_unsigned
and layout = Bigarray.c_layout
in
Bigarray.Array3.create kind layout 3 width height
in
let r_channel = Bigarray.Array3.slice_left_2 all_channels 0
and g_channel = Bigarray.Array3.slice_left_2 all_channels 1
and b_channel = Bigarray.Array3.slice_left_2 all_channels 2
in
for y = 0 to pred height do
for x = 0 to pred width do
r_channel.{x,y} <- (input_byte ic);
g_channel.{x,y} <- (input_byte ic);
b_channel.{x,y} <- (input_byte ic);
done;
done;
close_in ic;
(all_channels,
r_channel,
g_channel,
b_channel)
and converting a given color file to grayscale:
let () =
let img = read_ppm ~filename:"logo.ppm" in
let img = to_color(to_grayscale ~img) in
output_ppm ~oc:stdout ~img;
;;
sending the result to stdout allows to see the result without creating a temporary file sending it through a pipe to the '''display''' utility of ''ImageMagick'': ocaml script.ml | display -
Oz
The read function in module "BitmapIO.oz":
functor
import
Bitmap
Open
export
Read
%% Write
define
fun {Read Filename}
F = {New Open.file init(name:Filename)}
fun {ReadColor8 _}
Bytes = {F read(list:$ size:3)}
in
{List.toTuple color Bytes}
end
fun {ReadColor16 _}
Bytes = {F read(list:$ size:6)}
in
{List.toTuple color {Map {PairUp Bytes} FromBytes}}
end
in
try
Magic = {F read(size:2 list:$)}
if Magic \= "P6" then raise bitmapIO(read unsupportedFormat(Magic)) end end
Width = {ReadNumber F}
Height = {ReadNumber F}
MaxVal = {ReadNumber F}
MaxVal =< 0xffff = true
Reader = if MaxVal =< 0xff then ReadColor8 else ReadColor16 end
B = {Bitmap.new Width Height}
in
{Bitmap.transform B Reader}
B
finally
{F close}
end
end
fun {ReadNumber F}
Ds
in
{SkipWS F}
Ds = for collect:Collect break:Break do
[C] = {F read(list:$ size:1)}
in
if {Char.isDigit C} then {Collect C}
else {Break}
end
end
{SkipWS F}
{String.toInt Ds}
end
proc {SkipWS F}
[C] = {F read(list:$ size:1)}
in
if {Char.isSpace C} then {SkipWS F}
elseif C == &# then
{SkipLine F}
else
{F seek(whence:current offset:~1)}
end
end
proc {SkipLine F}
[C] = {F read(list:$ size:1)}
in
if C \= &\n andthen C \= &\r then {SkipLine F} end
end
fun {PairUp Xs}
case Xs of X1|X2|Xr then [X1 X2]|{PairUp Xr}
[] nil then nil
end
end
fun {FromBytes [C1 C2]}
C1 * 0x100 + C2
end
%% Omitted: Write
end
The actual task:
declare
[BitmapIO Grayscale] = {Module.link ['BitmapIO.ozf' 'Grayscale.ozf']}
B = {BitmapIO.read "image.ppm"}
G = {Grayscale.toGraymap B}
in
{BitmapIO.write {Grayscale.fromGraymap G} "greyimage.ppm"}
Perl
{{libheader|Imlib2}}
#! /usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Image::Imlib2;
my $img = Image::Imlib2->load("out0.ppm");
# let's do something with it now
$img->set_color(255, 255, 255, 255);
$img->draw_line(0,0, $img->width,$img->height);
$img->image_set_format("png");
$img->save("out1.png");
exit 0;
Perl 6
{{works with|Rakudo|2017.09}} Uses pieces from [[Bitmap#Perl_6| Bitmap]], [[Bitmap/Write_a_PPM_file#Perl_6| Write a PPM file]] and [[Grayscale_image#Perl_6| Grayscale image]] tasks. Included here to make a complete, runnable program.
class Pixel { has UInt ($.R, $.G, $.B) }
class Bitmap {
has UInt ($.width, $.height);
has Pixel @.data;
}
role PGM {
has @.GS;
method P5 returns Blob {
"P5\n{self.width} {self.height}\n255\n".encode('ascii')
~ Blob.new: self.GS
}
}
sub load-ppm ( $ppm ) {
my $fh = $ppm.IO.open( :enc('ISO-8859-1') );
my $type = $fh.get;
my ($width, $height) = $fh.get.split: ' ';
my $depth = $fh.get;
Bitmap.new( width => $width.Int, height => $height.Int,
data => ( $fh.slurp.ords.rotor(3).map:
{ Pixel.new(R => $_[0], G => $_[1], B => $_[2]) } )
)
}
sub grayscale ( Bitmap $bmp ) {
$bmp.GS = map { (.R*0.2126 + .G*0.7152 + .B*0.0722).round(1) min 255 }, $bmp.data;
}
my $filename = './camelia.ppm';
my Bitmap $b = load-ppm( $filename ) but PGM;
grayscale($b);
'./camelia-gs.pgm'.IO.open(:bin, :w).write: $b.P5;
See [https://github.com/thundergnat/rc/blob/master/img/camelia.png camelia], and [https://github.com/thundergnat/rc/blob/master/img/camelia-gs.png camelia-gs] images. (converted to .png as .ppm format is not widely supported).
Phix
Based on [[Bitmap/Read_a_PPM_file#Euphoria|Euphoria]], requires write_ppm() from [[Bitmap/Write_a_PPM_file#Phix|Write_a_PPM_file]], to_gray from [[Grayscale_image#Phix|Grayscale_image]]
function read_ppm(sequence filename)
sequence image, line
integer dimx, dimy, maxcolor
atom fn = open(filename, "rb")
if fn<0 then
return -1 -- unable to open
end if
line = gets(fn)
if line!="P6\n" then
return -1 -- only ppm6 files are supported
end if
line = gets(fn)
{{dimx,dimy}} = scanf(line,"%d %d%s")
line = gets(fn)
{{maxcolor}} = scanf(line,"%d%s")
image = repeat(repeat(0,dimy),dimx)
for y=1 to dimy do
for x=1 to dimx do
image[x][y] = getc(fn)*#10000 + getc(fn)*#100 + getc(fn)
end for
end for
close(fn)
return image
end function
sequence img = read_ppm("Lena.ppm")
img = to_gray(img)
write_ppm("LenaGray.ppm",img)
PicoLisp
(de ppmRead (File)
(in File
(unless (and `(hex "5036") (rd 2)) # P6
(quit "Wrong file format" File) )
(rd 1)
(let (DX 0 DY 0 Max 0 C)
(while (>= 9 (setq C (- (rd 1) `(char "0"))) 0)
(setq DX (+ (* 10 DX) C)) )
(while (>= 9 (setq C (- (rd 1) `(char "0"))) 0)
(setq DY (+ (* 10 DY) C)) )
(while (>= 9 (setq C (- (rd 1) `(char "0"))) 0)
(setq Max (+ (* 10 Max) C)) )
(prog1
(make (do DY (link (need DX))))
(for Y @
(map
'((X) (set X (list (rd 1) (rd 1) (rd 1))))
Y ) ) ) ) ) )
Read a color image "img.ppm", convert and write to "img.pgm":
(pgmWrite (ppm->pgm (ppmRead "img.ppm")) "img.pgm")
PL/I
/* BITMAP FILE: read in a file in PPM format, P6 (binary). 14/5/2010 */
test: procedure options (main);
declare (m, n, max_color, i, j) fixed binary (31);
declare ch character (1), ID character (2);
declare 1 pixel union,
2 color bit(24) aligned,
2 primary_colors,
3 R char (1),
3 G char (1),
3 B char (1);
declare in file record;
open file (in) title ('/IMAGE.PPM,TYPE(FIXED),RECSIZE(1)' ) input;
call get_char;
ID = ch;
call get_char;
substr(ID, 2,1) = ch;
/* Read in the dimensions of the image */
call get_integer (m);
call get_integer (n);
/* Read in the maximum color size used */
call get_integer (max_color);
/* The previous call reads in ONE line feed or CR or other terminator */
/* character. */
begin;
declare image (0:m-1,0:n-1) bit (24);
do i = 0 to hbound(image, 1);
do j = 0 to hbound(image,2);
read file (in) into (R);
read file (in) into (G);
read file (in) into (B);
image(i,j) = color;
end;
end;
end;
get_char: procedure;
do until (ch ^= ' ');
read file (in) into (ch);
end;
end get_char;
get_integer: procedure (value);
declare value fixed binary (31);
do until (ch = ' ');
read file (in) into (ch);
end;
value = 0;
do until (is_digit(ch));
value = value*10 + ch;
read file (in) into (ch);
end;
end get_integer;
is_digit: procedure (ch) returns (bit(1));
declare ch character (1);
return (index('0123456789', ch) > 0);
end is_digit;
end test;
PureBasic
Structure PPMColor
r.c
g.c
b.c
EndStructure
Procedure LoadImagePPM(Image, file$)
; Author Roger Rösch (Nickname Macros)
IDFile = ReadFile(#PB_Any, file$)
If IDFile
If CreateImage(Image, 1, 1)
Format$ = ReadString(IDFile)
ReadString(IDFile) ; skip comment
Dimensions$ = ReadString(IDFile)
w = Val(StringField(Dimensions$, 1, " "))
h = Val(StringField(Dimensions$, 2, " "))
ResizeImage(Image, w, h)
StartDrawing(ImageOutput(Image))
max = Val(ReadString(IDFile)) ; Maximal Value for a color
Select Format$
Case "P3" ; File in ASCII format
; Exract everey number remaining in th file into an array using an RegEx
Stringlen = Lof(IDFile) - Loc(IDFile)
content$ = Space(Stringlen)
Dim color.s(0)
ReadData(IDFile, @content$, Stringlen)
CreateRegularExpression(1, "\d+")
ExtractRegularExpression(1, content$, color())
; Plot color information on our empty Image
For y = 0 To h - 1
For x = 0 To w - 1
pos = (y*w + x)*3
r=Val(color(pos))*255 / max
g=Val(color(pos+1))*255 / max
b=Val(color(pos+2))*255 / max
Plot(x, y, RGB(r,g,b))
Next
Next
Case "P6" ;File In binary format
; Read whole bytes into a buffer because its faster than reading single ones
Bufferlen = Lof(IDFile) - Loc(IDFile)
*Buffer = AllocateMemory(Bufferlen)
ReadData(IDFile, *Buffer, Bufferlen)
; Plot color information on our empty Image
For y = 0 To h - 1
For x = 0 To w - 1
*color.PPMColor = pos + *Buffer
Plot(x, y, RGB(*color\r*255 / max, *color\g*255 / max, *color\b*255 / max))
pos + 3
Next
Next
EndSelect
StopDrawing()
; Return 1 if successfully loaded to behave as other PureBasic functions
ProcedureReturn 1
EndIf
EndIf
EndProcedure
To complete the task, the following code should be added to the above fragment and to the PureBasic solutions for [[Grayscale_image#PureBasic|Grayscale image]] and [[Bitmap/Write_a_PPM_file#PureBasic|Write a PPM file]]
Define file.s, file2.s, image = 3
file = OpenFileRequester("Select source image file", "", "PPM image (*.ppm)|*.ppm", 0)
If file And LCase(GetExtensionPart(file)) = "ppm"
LoadImagePPM(image, file)
ImageGrayout(image)
file2 = Left(file, Len(file) - Len(GetExtensionPart(file))) + "_grayscale." + GetExtensionPart(file)
SaveImageAsPPM(image, file2, 1)
EndIf
Python
{{works with|Python|3.1}}
Extending the example given [[Basic_bitmap_storage#Alternative_version|here]]
# With help from http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/ppm.html
# String masquerading as ppm file (version P3)
import io
ppmtxt = '''P3
# feep.ppm
4 4
15
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15
0 0 0 0 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 7 0 0 0
15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
'''
def tokenize(f):
for line in f:
if line[0] != '#':
for t in line.split():
yield t
def ppmp3tobitmap(f):
t = tokenize(f)
nexttoken = lambda : next(t)
assert 'P3' == nexttoken(), 'Wrong filetype'
width, height, maxval = (int(nexttoken()) for i in range(3))
bitmap = Bitmap(width, height, Colour(0, 0, 0))
for h in range(height-1, -1, -1):
for w in range(0, width):
bitmap.set(w, h, Colour( *(int(nexttoken()) for i in range(3))))
return bitmap
print('Original Colour PPM file')
print(ppmtxt)
ppmfile = io.StringIO(ppmtxt)
bitmap = ppmp3tobitmap(ppmfile)
print('Grey PPM:')
bitmap.togreyscale()
ppmfileout = io.StringIO('')
bitmap.writeppmp3(ppmfileout)
print(ppmfileout.getvalue())
'''
The print statements above produce the following output:
Original Colour PPM file
P3
# feep.ppm
4 4
15
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15
0 0 0 0 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 7 0 0 0
15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Grey PPM:
P3
# generated from Bitmap.writeppmp3
4 4
11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4
0 0 0 11 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 11 0 0 0
4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
'''
Racket
#lang racket
(require racket/draw)
(define (read-ppm port)
(parameterize ([current-input-port port])
(define magic (read))
(define width (read))
(define height (read))
(define maxcol (read))
(define bm (make-object bitmap% width height))
(define dc (new bitmap-dc% [bitmap bm]))
(send dc set-smoothing 'unsmoothed)
(define (adjust v) (* 255 (/ v maxcol)))
(for/list ([x width])
(for/list ([y height])
(define red (read))
(define green (read))
(define blue (read))
(define color (make-object color% (adjust red) (adjust green) (adjust blue)))
(send dc set-pen color 1 'solid)
(send dc draw-point x y)))
bm))
REXX
The input file '''Lenna50.ppm''' is a '''PPM''' format of
the input file '''Lenna50.jpg''' used elsewhere on Rosetta Code.
This REXX program handles alternative delimiters as well as comments within the PPM header.
/*REXX program reads a PPM formatted image file, and creates a gray─scale image of it. */
parse arg iFN oFN /*obtain optional argument from the CL.*/
if iFN=='' | iFN=="," then iFN= 'Lenna50' /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/
if oFN=='' | oFN=="," then oFN= 'greyscale' /* " " " " " " */
iFID= iFN'.ppm'; oFID= oFN'.ppm' /*complete the input and output FIDs.*/
call charin iFID, 1, 0 /*set the position of the input file. */
y=charin(iFID, , copies(9, digits() ) ) /*read the entire input file ───► X */
parse var y id 3 c 4 3 width height # pixels /*extract header info from the PPM hdr.*/
LF= 'a'x /*define a comment separator (in hdr).*/ /* ◄─── LF delimiters & comments*/
if c==LF then do; commentEND=pos(LF, y, 4) /*point to the last char in the comment*/ /* ◄─── LF delimiters & comments*/
parse var y =(commentEND) +1 width height # pixels /* ◄─── LF delimiters & comments*/
end /* ◄─── LF delimiters & comments*/
/* [↓] has an alternative delimiter? */ /* ◄─── LF delimiters & comments*/
z=pos(LF, height); if z\==0 then parse var height height =(z) +1 # pixels /* ◄─── LF delimiters & comments*/
z=pos(LF, # ); if z\==0 then parse var # # =(z) +1 pixels /* ◄─── LF delimiters & comments*/
chunk=4000 /*chunk size to be written at one time.*/
LenPixels= length(pixels)
do j=0 for 256; _=d2c(j); @._=j; @@.j=_ /*build two tables for fast conversions*/
end /*j*/
call charout oFID, , 1 /*set the position of the output file. */
call charout oFID, id || width height #' ' /*write the header followed by a blank.*/
!=1
do until !>=LenPixels; $= /*$: partial output string so far.*/
do !=! by 3 for chunk /*chunk: # pixels converted at 1 time.*/
parse var pixels =(!) r +1 g +1 b +1 /*obtain the next RGB of a PPM pixel.*/
if r=='' then leave /*has the end─of─string been reached? */
_=(.2126*@.r + .7152*@.g + .0722*@.b )%1 /*an integer RGB greyscale of a pixel. */
$=$ || @@._ || @@._ || @@._ /*lump (grey) R G B pixels together. */
end /*!*/ /* [↑] D2C converts decimal ───► char*/
call charout oFID, $ /*write the next bunch of pixels. */
end /*until*/
call charout oFID /*close the output file just to be safe*/
say 'File ' oFID " was created." /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
{{out|output}}
File greyscale.ppm was created.
Ruby
Extending [[Basic_bitmap_storage#Ruby]]
class Pixmap
# 'open' is a class method
def self.open(filename)
bitmap = nil
File.open(filename, 'r') do |f|
header = [f.gets.chomp, f.gets.chomp, f.gets.chomp]
width, height = header[1].split.map {|n| n.to_i }
if header[0] != 'P6' or header[2] != '255' or width < 1 or height < 1
raise StandardError, "file '#{filename}' does not start with the expected header"
end
f.binmode
bitmap = self.new(width, height)
height.times do |y|
width.times do |x|
# read 3 bytes
red, green, blue = f.read(3).unpack('C3')
bitmap[x,y] = RGBColour.new(red, green, blue)
end
end
end
bitmap
end
end
# create an image: a green cross on a blue background
colour_bitmap = Pixmap.new(20, 30)
colour_bitmap.fill(RGBColour::BLUE)
colour_bitmap.height.times {|y| [9,10,11].each {|x| colour_bitmap[x,y]=RGBColour::GREEN}}
colour_bitmap.width.times {|x| [14,15,16].each {|y| colour_bitmap[x,y]=RGBColour::GREEN}}
colour_bitmap.save('testcross.ppm')
# then, convert to grayscale
Pixmap.open('testcross.ppm').to_grayscale!.save('testgray.ppm')
Scala
Uses the [[Basic_bitmap_storage#Scala|Basic Bitmap Storage]] and [[Grayscale_image#Scala|Grayscale Bitmap]] classes.
See also Task [[Write_ppm_file#Scala|Write a PPM File]] for save code.
import scala.io._
import scala.swing._
import java.io._
import java.awt.Color
import javax.swing.ImageIcon
object Pixmap {
private case class PpmHeader(format:String, width:Int, height:Int, maxColor:Int)
def load(filename:String):Option[RgbBitmap]={
implicit val in=new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename))
val header=readHeader
if(header.format=="P6")
{
val bm=new RgbBitmap(header.width, header.height);
for(y <- 0 until bm.height; x <- 0 until bm.width; c=readColor)
bm.setPixel(x, y, c)
return Some(bm)
}
None
}
private def readHeader(implicit in:InputStream)={
var format=readLine
var line=readLine
while(line.startsWith("#")) //skip comments
line=readLine
val parts=line.split("\\s")
val width=parts(0).toInt
val height=parts(1).toInt
val maxColor=readLine.toInt
new PpmHeader(format, width, height, maxColor)
}
private def readColor(implicit in:InputStream)=new Color(in.read, in.read, in.read)
private def readLine(implicit in:InputStream)={
var out=""
var b=in.read
while(b!=0xA){out+=b.toChar; b=in.read}
out
}
}
Usage:
object PixmapTest {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val img=Pixmap.load("image.ppm").get
val grayImg=BitmapOps.grayscale(img);
Pixmap.save(grayImg, "image_gray.ppm")
val mainframe=new MainFrame(){
title="Test"
visible=true
contents=new Label(){
icon=new ImageIcon(grayImg.image)
}
}
}
}
Seed7
$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
include "draw.s7i";
include "color.s7i";
const func PRIMITIVE_WINDOW: getPPM (in string: fileName) is func
result
var PRIMITIVE_WINDOW: aWindow is PRIMITIVE_WINDOW.value;
local
var file: ppmFile is STD_NULL;
var string: line is "";
var integer: width is 0;
var integer: height is 0;
var integer: x is 0;
var integer: y is 0;
var color: pixColor is black;
begin
ppmFile := open(fileName, "r");
if ppmFile <> STD_NULL then
if getln(ppmFile) = "P6" then
repeat
line := getln(ppmFile);
until line = "" or line[1] <> '#';
read(ppmFile, width);
readln(ppmFile, height);
aWindow := newPixmap(width, height);
for y range 0 to pred(height) do
for x range 0 to pred(width) do
pixColor.redLight := ord(getc(ppmFile));
pixColor.greenLight := ord(getc(ppmFile));
pixColor.blueLight := ord(getc(ppmFile));
end for;
end for;
end if;
close(ppmFile);
end if;
end func;
Tcl
{{libheader|Tk}} The actual PPM reader is built into the photo image engine:
package require Tk
proc readPPM {image file} {
$image read $file -format ppm
}
Thus, to read a PPM, convert it to grayscale, and write it back out again becomes this (which requires Tcl 8.6 for try/finally); the PPM reader and writer are inlined because they are trivial at the script level:
package require Tk
proc grayscaleFile {filename {newFilename ""}} {
set buffer [image create photo]
if {$newFilename eq ""} {set newFilename $filename}
try {
$buffer read $filename -format ppm
set w [image width $buffer]
set h [image height $buffer]
for {set x 0} {$x<$w} {incr x} {
for {set y 0} {$y<$h} {incr y} {
lassign [$buffer get $x $y] r g b
set l [expr {int(0.2126*$r + 0.7152*$g + 0.0722*$b)}]
$buffer put [format "#%02x%02x%02x" $l $l $l] -to $x $y
}
}
$buffer write $newFilename -format ppm
} finally {
image delete $buffer
}
}
However, the Tk library also has built-in the ability to convert code to grayscale directly during the saving of an image to a file, leading to this minimal solution:
package require Tk
proc grayscaleFile {filename {newFilename ""}} {
set buffer [image create photo]
if {$newFilename eq ""} {set newFilename $filename}
try {
$buffer read $filename -format ppm
$buffer write $newFilename -format ppm -grayscale
} finally {
image delete $buffer
}
}
UNIX Shell
{{works with|ksh93}} Ref: [[Bitmap#UNIX Shell]]
Add the following functions to the RGBColor_t type
function setrgb {
_.r=$1
_.g=$2
_.b=$3
}
function grayscale {
integer x=$(( round( 0.2126*_.r + 0.7152*_.g + 0.0722*_.b ) ))
_.r=$x
_.g=$x
_.b=$x
}
Add the following function to the Bitmap_t type
function grayscale {
RGBColor_t c
for ((y=0; y<_.height; y++)); do
for ((x=0; x<_.width; x++)); do
c.setrgb ${_.data[y][x]}
c.grayscale
_.data[y][x]=$(c.to_s)
done
done
}
function read {
exec 4<"$1"
typeset filetype
read -u4 filetype
if [[ $filetype != "P3" ]]; then
print -u2 "error: I can only read P3 type PPM files"
else
read -u4 _.width _.height
integer maxval
read -u4 maxval
integer x y r g b
typeset -a bytes
for ((y=0; y<_.height; y++)); do
read -u4 -A bytes
for ((x=0; x<_.width; x++)); do
r=${bytes[3*x+0]}
g=${bytes[3*x+1]}
b=${bytes[3*x+2]}
if (( r > maxval || g > maxval || b > maxval )); then
print -u2 "error: invalid color ($r $g $b), max=$maxval"
return 1
fi
_.data[y][x]="$r $g $b"
done
done
fi
exec 4<&-
}
Now we can:
Bitmap_t c
c.read "$HOME/tmp/bitmap.ppm"
c.to_s
if [[ $(c.to_s) == $(cat "$HOME/tmp/bitmap.ppm") ]]; then
echo looks OK
else
echo something is wrong
fi
c.grayscale
c.to_s
c.write "$HOME/tmp/bitmap_g.ppm"
Vedit macro language
// Load a PPM file
// @10 = filename
// On return:
// #10 points to buffer containing pixel data,
// #11 = width, #12 = height.
:LOAD_PPM:
File_Open(@10)
BOF
Search("|X", ADVANCE) // skip "P6"
#11 = Num_Eval(ADVANCE) // #11 = width
Match("|X", ADVANCE) // skip separator
#12 = Num_Eval(ADVANCE) // #12 = height
Match("|X", ADVANCE)
Search("|X", ADVANCE) // skip maxval (assume 255)
Del_Block(0,CP) // remove the header
Return
Example of usage. In addition to LOAD_PPM routine above, you need routine RGB_TO_GRAYSCALE from [[Grayscale image]] and routine SAVE_PPM from [[Write ppm file]].
// Load RGB image
Reg_Set(10, "|(USER_MACRO)\example.ppm")
Call("LOAD_PPM")
// Convert to grayscale
#10 = Buf_Num
Call("RGB_TO_GRAYSCALE")
Buf_Switch(#10) Buf_Quit(OK)
// Convert to RGB
Call("GRAYSCALE_TO_RGB")
// Save the image
Reg_Set(10, "|(USER_MACRO)\example_gray.ppm")
Call("SAVE_PPM")
// Cleanup and exit
Buf_Switch(#20) Buf_Quit(OK)
return
XPL0
The simplicity of redirecting an input file on the command line doesn't work for files that contain binary data ($03 will abort a program). Image files larger than 1280x1024 are clipped to the screen dimensions.
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations
func OpenInFile; \Open for input the file typed on command line
int CpuReg, Handle;
char CmdTail($80);
[CpuReg:= GetReg;
Blit(CpuReg(11), $81, CpuReg(12), CmdTail, $7F); \get copy of command line
Trap(false); \turn off error trapping
Handle:= FOpen(CmdTail, 0); \open named file for input
FSet(Handle, ^I); \assign file to input device 3
OpenI(3); \initialize input buffer pointers
if GetErr then return false;
Trap(true);
return true;
];
int C, X, Y, Width, Height, Max, Lum;
real Red, Green, Blue;
[if not OpenInFile then [Text(0, "File not found"); exit];
if ChIn(3)#^P or ChIn(3)#^6 then [Text(0, "Not P6 PPM file"); exit];
repeat loop [C:= ChIn(3);
if C # ^# then quit;
repeat C:= ChIn(3) until C=$0A\EOL\;
];
until C>=^0 & C<=^9;
Backup; \back up so IntIn re-reads first digit
Width:= IntIn(3); \(skips any whitespace)
Height:= IntIn(3);
Max:= IntIn(3) + 1; \(255/15=17; 256/16=16)
case of
Width<= 640 & Height<=480: SetVid($112);
Width<= 800 & Height<=600: SetVid($115);
Width<=1024 & Height<=768: SetVid($118)
other SetVid($11B); \1280x1024
for Y:= 0 to Height-1 do
for X:= 0 to Width-1 do
[Red := float(ChIn(3)*256/Max) * 0.21; \convert color to grayscale
Green:= float(ChIn(3)*256/Max) * 0.72;
Blue := float(ChIn(3)*256/Max) * 0.07;
Lum:= fix(Red) + fix(Green) + fix(Blue);
Point(X, Y, Lum<<16 + Lum<<8 + Lum);
];
X:= ChIn(1); \wait for keystroke
SetVid(3); \restore normal text display
]
Yabasic
sub readPPM(f$)
local ff, x, y, t$, dcol$, wid, hei
if f$ = "" print "No PPM file name indicate." : return false
ff = open (f$, "rb")
if not ff print "File ", f$, " not found." : return false
input #ff t$, wid, hei, dcol$
if t$ = "P6" then
open window wid, hei
for x = 0 to hei - 1
for y = 0 to wid - 1
color peek(#ff), peek(#ff), peek(#ff)
dot y, x
next y
next x
close #ff
else
print "File is NOT PPM P6 type." : return false
end if
return true
end sub
zkl
{{trans|FBSL}} Read a colored PPM file, convert it (in place) to grayscale and write the new image back to disk under a different name. Sanity checks are omitted.
I used a slightly different image from what is shown, but the results are the same. [[File:FBSLLena.png|right]]
//24-bpp P6 PPM solution:
image:=File("lena.ppm","rb").read();
start:=image.find("\n255\n")+5; // Get sizeof PPM header
foreach n in ([start..image.len()-1,3]){ // Transform color triplets
r,g,b:=image[n,3]; // Read colors stored in RGB order
l:=(0.2126*r + 0.7152*g + 0.0722*b).toInt(); // Derive luminance
image[n,3]=T(l,l,l);
}
File("lenaGrey.ppm","wb").write(image);
{{omit from|AWK}} {{omit from|Lotus 123 Macro Scripting}} {{omit from|PARI/GP}}