⚠️ Warning: This is a draft ⚠️
This means it might contain formatting issues, incorrect code, conceptual problems, or other severe issues.
If you want to help to improve and eventually enable this page, please fork RosettaGit's repository and open a merge request on GitHub.
{{task|File System Operations}}
;Task: Create a directory and any missing parents.
This task is named after the posix [http://www.unix.com/man-page/POSIX/0/mkdir/ mkdir -p] command, and several libraries which implement the same behavior.
Please implement a function of a single path string (for example ./path/to/dir) which has the above side-effect.
If the directory already exists, return successfully.
Ideally implementations will work equally well cross-platform (on windows, linux, and OS X).
It's likely that your language implements such a function as part of its standard library. If so, please also show how such a function would be implemented.
Aime
void
mkdirp(text path)
{
list l;
text p, s;
file().b_affix(path).news(l, 0, 0, "/");
for (, s in l) {
p = p + s + "/";
trap_q(mkdir, p, 00755);
}
}
integer
main(void)
{
mkdirp("./path/to/dir");
0;
}
AppleScript
AppleScript is not a cross-platform language so this is a macOS-only solution.
In post-Yosemite AppleScript we can draw on the macOS Foundation classes,
which include the NSFileManager method:
createDirectoryAtPath:withIntermediateDirectories:attributes:error:
use framework "Foundation"
use scripting additions
-- createOrFindDirectoryMay :: Bool -> FilePath -> Maybe IO ()
on createOrFindDirectoryMay(fp)
createDirectoryIfMissingMay(true, fp)
end createOrFindDirectoryMay
-- createDirectoryIfMissingMay :: Bool -> FilePath -> Maybe IO ()
on createDirectoryIfMissingMay(blnParents, fp)
if doesPathExist(fp) then
nothing("Directory already exists: " & fp)
else
set e to reference
set ca to current application
set oPath to (ca's NSString's stringWithString:(fp))'s ¬
stringByStandardizingPath
set {bool, nse} to ca's NSFileManager's ¬
defaultManager's createDirectoryAtPath:(oPath) ¬
withIntermediateDirectories:(blnParents) ¬
attributes:(missing value) |error|:(e)
if bool then
just(fp)
else
nothing((localizedDescription of nse) as string)
end if
end if
end createDirectoryIfMissingMay
-- TEST ----------------------------------------------------------------------
on run
createOrFindDirectoryMay("~/Desktop/Notes/today")
end run
-- GENERIC FUNCTIONS ---------------------------------------------------------
-- doesPathExist :: FilePath -> IO Bool
on doesPathExist(strPath)
set ca to current application
ca's NSFileManager's defaultManager's ¬
fileExistsAtPath:((ca's NSString's ¬
stringWithString:strPath)'s ¬
stringByStandardizingPath)
end doesPathExist
-- just :: a -> Just a
on just(x)
{nothing:false, just:x}
end just
-- nothing :: () -> Nothing
on nothing(msg)
{nothing:true, msg:msg}
end nothing
AWK
# syntax: GAWK -f MAKE_DIRECTORY_PATH.AWK path ...
BEGIN {
for (i=1; i<=ARGC-1; i++) {
path = ARGV[i]
msg = (make_dir_path(path) == 0) ? "created" : "exists"
printf("'%s' %s\n",path,msg)
}
exit(0)
}
function make_dir_path(path, cmd) {
# cmd = sprintf("mkdir -p '%s'",path) # Unix
cmd = sprintf("MKDIR \"%s\" 2>NUL",path) # MS-Windows
return system(cmd)
}
sample command and output under Windows 8:
GAWK -f MAKE_DIRECTORY_PATH.AWK \TEMP\A \TEMP\A "\TEMP\A\B C"
'\TEMP\A' created
'\TEMP\A' exists
'\TEMP\A\B C' created
C
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
int main (int argc, char **argv) {
char *str, *s;
struct stat statBuf;
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf (stderr, "usage: %s <path>\n", basename (argv[0]));
exit (1);
}
s = argv[1];
while ((str = strtok (s, "/")) != NULL) {
if (str != s) {
str[-1] = '/';
}
if (stat (argv[1], &statBuf) == -1) {
mkdir (argv[1], 0);
} else {
if (! S_ISDIR (statBuf.st_mode)) {
fprintf (stderr, "couldn't create directory %s\n", argv[1]);
exit (1);
}
}
s = NULL;
}
return 0;
}
=={{header|C++|CPP}}==
#include <filesystem>
#include <iostream>
namespace fs = std::experimental::filesystem;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if(argc != 2)
{
std::cout << "usage: mkdir <path>\n";
return -1;
}
fs::path pathToCreate(argv[1]);
if (fs::exists(pathToCreate))
return 0;
if (fs::create_directories(pathToCreate))
return 0;
else
{
std::cout << "couldn't create directory: " << pathToCreate.string() << std::endl;
return -1;
}
}
C#
System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(path)
Common Lisp
(ensure-directories-exist "your/path/name")
Clojure
(defn mkdirp [path]
(let [dir (java.io.File. path)]
(if (.exists dir)
true
(.mkdirs dir))))
D
import std.stdio;
void main() {
makeDir("parent/test");
}
/// Manual implementation of what mkdirRecurse in std.file does.
void makeDir(string path) out {
import std.exception : enforce;
import std.file : exists;
enforce(path.exists, "Failed to create the requested directory.");
} body {
import std.array : array;
import std.file;
import std.path : pathSplitter, chainPath;
auto workdir = "";
foreach (dir; path.pathSplitter) {
workdir = chainPath(workdir, dir).array;
if (workdir.exists) {
if (!workdir.isDir) {
import std.conv : text;
throw new FileException(text("The file ", workdir, " in the path ", path, " is not a directory."));
}
} else {
workdir.mkdir();
}
}
}
Elixir
Tries to create the directory path. Missing parent directories are created.
File.mkdir_p("./path/to/dir")
ERRE
ERRE has the procedure "OS_MKDIR" in PC.LIB standard library, that creates a directory with all missing parents. Existing directory are simply ignored.
OS_MKDIR("C:\EXAMPLES\03192015")
=={{header|F_Sharp|F#}}==
The library function System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory also returns a DirectoryInfo object of the deepest directory in the path.
In the F# REPL:
{{out}}
> System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory (System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
;;
val it : System.IO.DirectoryInfo =
Temp {Attributes = Directory;
CreationTime = 2016-06-01 04:12:25;
CreationTimeUtc = 2016-06-01 02:12:25;
Exists = true;
Extension = "";
FullName = "C:\Users\Kai\AppData\Local\Temp";
LastAccessTime = 2016-08-18 20:42:21;
LastAccessTimeUtc = 2016-08-18 18:42:21;
LastWriteTime = 2016-08-18 20:42:21;
LastWriteTimeUtc = 2016-08-18 18:42:21;
Name = "Temp";
Parent = Local;
Root = C:\;}
>
Factor
The make-directories word performs this task. Note the value of current-directory is used as the base directory if a relative pathname is given.
USE: io.directories
"path/to/dir" make-directories
The implementation of make-directories:
USING: combinators.short-circuit io.backend io.files
io.pathnames kernel sequences ;
IN: io.directories
: make-directories ( path -- )
normalize-path trim-tail-separators dup
{ [ "." = ] [ root-directory? ] [ empty? ] [ exists? ] } 1||
[ make-parent-directories dup make-directory ] unless drop ;
Gambas
Public Sub Form_Open()
If Not Exist(User.home &/ "TestFolder") Then Mkdir User.Home &/ "TestFolder"
End
Go
The standard packages include [http://golang.org/pkg/os/#MkdirAll os.MkdirAll] which does exactly this (and its source is also available via that link).
os.MkdirAll("/tmp/some/path/to/dir", 0770)
Haskell
import System.Directory (createDirectory, setCurrentDirectory)
import Data.List.Split (splitOn)
main :: IO ()
main = do
let path = splitOn "/" "path/to/dir"
mapM_ (\x -> createDirectory x >> setCurrentDirectory x) path
J
The verb pathcreate in the addon package [http://www.jsoftware.com/jwiki/Addons/general/dirutils general/dirutils] will create any non-existing directories in a path. It works on Windows, Linux and OS X.
require 'general/dirutils'
pathcreate '/tmp/some/path/to/dir'
Code is similar to the following:
pathcreate=: monad define
todir=. termsep_j_ jpathsep y
todirs=. }. ,each /\ <;.2 todir NB. base dirs
msk=. -.direxist todirs NB. 1 for each non-existing dir
msk=. 0 (i. msk i: 0)}msk
dircreate msk#todirs NB. create non-existing base dirs
)
dircreate=: monad define
y=. boxxopen y
msk=. -.direxist y
if. ''-:$msk do. msk=. (#y)#msk end.
res=. 1!:5 msk#y
msk #inv ,res
)
direxist=: 2 = ftype&>@:boxopen
Java
The Java method for this is ''mkdirs'' and can be found in java.io.File. The source is in the ''src.zip'' of the JDK root directory.
import java.io.File;
public interface Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File f = new File("C:/parent/test");
if (f.mkdirs())
System.out.println("path successfully created");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
JavaScript
{{works with|Node.js}}
Simplified version of the popular [https://www.npmjs.org/package/mkdirp mkdirp library]:
var path = require('path');
var fs = require('fs');
function mkdirp (p, cb) {
cb = cb || function () {};
p = path.resolve(p);
fs.mkdir(p, function (er) {
if (!er) {
return cb(null);
}
switch (er.code) {
case 'ENOENT':
// The directory doesn't exist. Make its parent and try again.
mkdirp(path.dirname(p), function (er) {
if (er) cb(er);
else mkdirp(p, cb);
});
break;
// In the case of any other error, something is borked.
default:
cb(er);
break;
}
});
}
Julia
{{works with|Julia|0.6}}
mkpath("/tmp/unusefuldir/helloworld.d/test123")
Kotlin
// version 1.0.6
import java.io.File
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
// using built-in mkdirs() method
val success = File("./path/to/dir").mkdirs()
if (success) println("Directory path was created successfully")
else println("Failed to create directory path")
}
{{out}}
Directory path was created successfully
Lua
The ubiquitous luafilesystem module contains lfs.mkdir but this does not have an option equivalent to the posix mkdir -p. Instead, the function shown here uses package.config to determine the correct directory separator for the OS and then iterates over the path string to create each individual folder in turn.
require("lfs")
function mkdir (path)
local sep, pStr = package.config:sub(1, 1), ""
for dir in path:gmatch("[^" .. sep .. "]+") do
pStr = pStr .. dir .. sep
lfs.mkdir(pStr)
end
end
mkdir("C:\\path\\to\\dir") -- Quoting backslashes requires escape sequence
Note that attempting to run lfs.mkdir for a path that already exists writes no changes to disk and returns nil.
Mathematica
Creates directory specified by path, creating intermediate directories as necessary, and never fails if path already exists.
mkdirp[path_] := Quiet[CreateDirectory[path,{CreateIntermediateDirectories->True}],{CreateDirectory::filex}]
NewLISP
(define (mkdir-p mypath)
(if (= "/" (mypath 0)) ;; Abs or relative path?
(setf /? "/")
(setf /? "")
)
(setf path-components (clean empty? (parse mypath "/"))) ;; Split path and remove empty elements
(for (x 0 (length path-components))
(setf walking-path (string /? (join (slice path-components 0 (+ 1 x)) "/")))
(make-dir walking-path)
)
)
;; Using user-made function...
(mkdir-p "/tmp/rosetta/test1")
;; ... or calling OS command directly.
(! "mkdir -p /tmp/rosetta/test2")
(exit)
Objeck
class Program {
function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil {
System.IO.File.Directory->CreatePath("your/path/name")->PrintLine();
}
}
Perl
Using the File::Path core module:
use File::Path qw(make_path);
make_path('path/to/dir')
Perl 6
{{Works with|rakudo|2016.06}}
There is a built-in function for this:
mkdir 'path/to/dir'
Alternatively, a custom solution (as per task description) that only uses the built-in mkdir non-recursively. The "triangle reduce" meta-operator [\ ] is used get the intermediate results of a left fold with the comma operator on the list of path elements.
for [\,] $*SPEC.splitdir("../path/to/dir") -> @path {
mkdir $_ unless .e given $*SPEC.catdir(@path).IO;
}
Phix
There's a builtin for that
if not create_directory("myapp/interface/letters") then
crash("Filesystem problem - could not create the new folder")
end if
The implementation in builtins/pfile.e is as follows (see there for initf() etc):
global function create_directory(string name, integer mode=0o700, bool make_parent=1)
bool ret
if not finit then initf() end if
if length(name)=0 then
?9/0
end if
name = get_proper_path(name)
-- Remove any trailing slash.
if name[$]=SLASH then
name = name[1..$-1]
end if
if make_parent then
integer pos = rfind(SLASH, name)
if pos!=0 then
string parent = name[1..pos-1]
if file_exists(parent) then
if file_type(parent)!=FILETYPE_DIRECTORY then ?9/0 end if
else
if not create_directory(parent, mode, make_parent) then
return 0
end if
end if
end if
end if
if platform()=LINUX then
ret = not c_func(xCreateDirectory, {name, mode})
elsif platform()=WINDOWS then
ret = c_func(xCreateDirectory, {name, 0})
end if
return ret
end function
Of course you could also use system("mkdir -p path/to/dir") or whatever.
PicoLisp
(call "mkdir" "-p" "path/to/dir")
PowerShell
New-Item -Path ".\path\to\dir" -ItemType Directory -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Python
from errno import EEXIST
from os import mkdir, curdir
from os.path import split, exists
def mkdirp(path, mode=0777):
head, tail = split(path)
if not tail:
head, tail = split(head)
if head and tail and not exists(head):
try:
mkdirp(head, mode)
except OSError as e:
# be happy if someone already created the path
if e.errno != EEXIST:
raise
if tail == curdir: # xxx/newdir/. exists if xxx/newdir exists
return
try:
mkdir(path, mode)
except OSError as e:
# be happy if someone already created the path
if e.errno != EEXIST:
raise
Above is a modified version of the standard library's os.makedirs, for pedagogical purposes. In practice, you would be more likely to use the standard library call:
def mkdirp(path):
try:
os.makedirs(path)
except OSError as exc: # Python >2.5
if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(path):
pass
else: raise
In Python3 this becomes even simpler:
def mkdirp(path):
os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
Racket
Uses make-directory* (NB the star — that causes the intermediate directories to be produced).
Canonical documentation at [http://docs.racket-lang.org/reference/Filesystem.html#%28def._%28%28lib._racket%2Ffile..rkt%29._make-directory*%29%29 Racket Documentation for Filesystem]
Creates directory specified by path, creating intermediate directories as necessary, and never failing if path exists already.
#lang racket
(define path-str "/tmp/woo/yay")
(define path/..-str "/tmp/woo")
;; clean up from a previous run
(when (directory-exists? path-str)
(delete-directory path-str)
(delete-directory path/..-str))
;; delete-directory/files could also be used -- but that requires goggles and rubber
;; gloves to handle safely!
(define (report-path-exists)
(printf "~s exists (as a directory?):~a~%~s exists (as a directory?):~a~%~%"
path/..-str (directory-exists? path/..-str)
path-str (directory-exists? path-str)))
(report-path-exists)
;; Really ... this is the only bit that matters!
(make-directory* path-str)
(report-path-exists)
{{out}}
"/tmp/woo" exists (as a directory?):#f
"/tmp/woo/yay" exists (as a directory?):#f
"/tmp/woo" exists (as a directory?):#t
"/tmp/woo/yay" exists (as a directory?):#t
REXX
The following works with any modern (Microsoft) Windows ® and/or DOS.
Operating system note: all versions of Microsoft ® DOS require the use of a blackslash [''''''] instead of a forward slash ['''/'''].
Usage note: without the error messages being suppressed, the '''MKDIR''' command will issue an error message if the subdirectory (or its path) already exists.
/*REXX program creates a directory (folder) and all its parent paths as necessary. */
trace off /*suppress possible warning msgs.*/
dPath = 'path\to\dir' /*define directory (folder) path.*/
'MKDIR' dPath "2>nul" /*alias could be used: MD dPath */
/*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/
Ring
System("mkdir C:\Ring\docs")
isdir("C:\Ring\docs")
see isdir("C:\Ring\docs") + nl
func isdir cDir
try
dir(cDir)
return true
catch
return false
done
Ruby
require 'fileutils'
FileUtils.mkdir_p("path/to/dir")
mkdir_p also takes an array of pathnames instead of a single pathname as an argument. mkdir_p is aliased as: mkpath, makedirs.
Run BASIC
files #f, "c:\myDocs" ' check for directory
if #f hasanswer() then
if #f isDir() then ' is it a file or a directory
print "A directory exist"
else
print "A file exist"
end if
else
shell$("mkdir c:\myDocs" ' if not exist make a directory
end if
The following info about files / directory FILE ACCESSOR methods #handle HASANSWER() - Return non-zero if the file accessor has at least one resulting row. #handle ROWCOUNT() - Return the number of rows returned. #handle NEXTFILE$() - Advance to the next row and return a comma delimited string for the next file (name, size, date, time, directory flag). #handle NEXTFILE$([delimExpr$]) - Like NEXTFILE$() but you get to specify the delimiter instead of a comma. #handle NAME$() - Return the name of the current file row. #handle SIZE() - Return the size of the current file row. #handle DATE$() - Return a string containing a formatted date for the current file row. #handle TIME$() - Return a string containing a formatted time for the current file row. #handle ISDIR() - Return non-zero if the current file row represents a directory instead of a file. #handle RESET() - Reset the file accessor back to the beginning so you can read through them again. #handle DATEFORMAT(template$) - Set the date format using a "mmm dd, yyyy" style template$. #handle TIMEFORMAT(template$) - Set the time format using a "hh:mm:ss" style template$. #handle ISNULL() - Returns zero (or false) #handle DEBUG$() - Returns the string "Files"
Rust
use std::fs;
fn main() {
fs::create_dir_all("./path/to/dir").expect("An Error Occured!")
}
Scala
new java.io.File("/path/to/dir").mkdirs
Alternative (platform-independent) for the library function:
import java.io.File
def mkdirs(path: List[String]) = // return true if path was created
path.tail.foldLeft(new File(path.head)){(a,b) => a.mkdir; new File(a,b)}.mkdir
mkdirs(List("/path", "to", "dir"))
Seed7
The library [http://seed7.sourceforge.net/libraries/cli_cmds.htm cli_cmds.s7i] defines the function doMkdirCmd, which is used below.
$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
include "cli_cmds.s7i";
const proc: main is func
begin
doMkdirCmd(argv(PROGRAM), TRUE);
end func;
The library cli_cmds.s7i defines also [http://seed7.sourceforge.net/libraries/cli_cmds.htm#doMkdir%28inout_string%29 doMkdir] (Make directories like the Unix mkdir command) and [http://seed7.sourceforge.net/libraries/cli_cmds.htm#doMd%28inout_string%29 doMd] (Make directories like the DOS md command). This functions read the parameters and options from a string. The reading is done according to Unix respectively DOS/Windows rules. The function doMkdir is used in the alternate solution below:
$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
include "cli_cmds.s7i";
const proc: main is func
local
var string: parameters is "";
begin
parameters := join(argv(PROGRAM), " ");
doMkdir(parameters);
end func;
Sidef
Dir.new(Dir.cwd, "path", "to", "dir").make_path; # works cross-platform
Tcl
Tcl's built in file mkdir works exactly this way:
If a directory cannot be made (e.g., because it would involve making a directory with the same name as an existing file) the command will throw a trappable error, as normal for Tcl commands.
## UNIX Shell
{{works with|Bourne Again SHell}}
```bash
function mkdirp() { mkdir -p "$1"; }
Visual Basic .NET
{{trans|C#}}
Module Module1
Sub Main()
System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory("some/where")
End Sub
End Module
zkl
This is for Unix as zkl doesn't have a built in mkdir method.
System.cmd("mkdir -p ../foo/bar")
The system error code is returned (0 in this case).
fcn mkdir(path) { System.cmd("mkdir -p "+path) }
{{out}}
zkl: mkdir("../foo/bar")
0
zkl: mkdir("/foo/bar")
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/foo’: Permission denied
256
{{omit from|Axe}}