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{{collection|RCRPG}}
Most of the complexity is contained in the get_command() routine. I went with a bespoke auto-select-by-initial-letter affair rather than forcing the full commands to be (exactly) spelt out very time. You get used to it, and can explore all available command options using the arrow keys.
I tried putting commands in a dictionary but sequences proved much easier. In contrast the rooms were always much better off in a dictionary, not least because indexing {0,0,0}/extendible in all directions could be problematic.
Notable features are the test for cyclic references in aliases (which can be individual words or any-length series of other complete commands), the ability to completely remove all the original/builtin commands/words, and showing a warning when first letters of commands/items/directions clash.
Always having a sledge in the start room was just far too dull for words, and I felt it was my sworn duty to invent some way to get yourself killed!
-- demo\rosetta\RCRPG.exw
constant start_text = """
Welcome to RCRPG!
Press ? for help
"""
-- (nb: the leading space of help_text[1] is intentional)
constant help_text = """
Welcome to RCRPG!
### ===========
Command input is via single characters, eg n -> north, tg-> take gold.
You do however need to hit return to confirm your choice.
The left and right arrow keys cycle through permitted options.
Use the backspace key to erase any accidentally selected commands.
The up and down arror keys cycle through command history.
Available directions are north, south, east, east, west, up, and down.
Take or drop the items sledge, ladder, and gold, which appear randomly.
Make a tunnel by attacking a direction.
You need to equip a sledge before you can attack.
You need a ladder to go up, but you cannot take it between floors.
The inventory command lists the items you are carrying.
You can alias a single word or an entire series of commands - type
a(lias)<return> and follow the prompts (rather than all on one line).
More help can be found by entering a(lias)<return> then ?<return>
Make your way to {1,1,5} for the glorious prize of ending this torture!
There is also a way to kill yourself instead - can you figure out how?
"""
constant alias_help = """
Example of using the alias command
### ============================
Command:alias
Enter alias name(? for help):shiney_shiney
Alias:gold
Command:inventory
You are carrying one piece of gold.
Command:alias
Enter alias name(? for help):gold
Delete existing command?(Y/N):Y
Alias:
Command:inventory
You are carrying one piece of shiney_shiney.
Command:
You can delete an alias or even an original command by setting it as
an alias, confirm the delete, then hit return to abandon adding the
replacement. A check is made to prevent the deletion of the last of
each kind, since that would make the game completely unplayable.
As shown the item gold is no more, you now use/see shiney_shiney,
that is everywhere else except for this help text. Deleting an alias
or original also expunges it from the command history.
The above aliased an item; if you alias a complete command, you get
reprompted with "Alias:", allowing one alias to daisy-chain several.
You can even alias the alias command itself, eg as "rename", but I
have not bothered to test that very thoroughly.
While you can alias "smack bitch" to "take gold", obviously you would
instead need "smack" to "take" and "bitch" to "gold" as two separate
aliases to allow "smack ladder" and "drop bitch".
Note that commands and aliases are automatically selected by their
first letter, and there should be no conflicts between shared first
letters of any (aliased) actions and directions/items, eg "dig down"
might prevent "drop" from being selected, apart from via left/right
arrow keys, eg a 'd' changes "dig" -> "dig down" rather than "drop".
A warning is displayed if the use of "alias" breaks this rule (and
if the warning stops after a delete, you have solved the conflict).
Aliases can invoke other aliases. Circular references are detected
and playback is prohibited until any such issues are resolved (by
deleting or overiding the offending aliases).
The currently defined commands and aliases are:
"""
enum SINGLE_WORD_COMMAND, DIRECTION, NEEDS_DIRECTION, ITEM, NEEDS_ITEM, ALIAS
-- (nb: NEEDS_DIRECTION==DIRECTION+1, NEEDS_ITEM==ITEM+1)
enum N,W,U,D,E,S,INVENTORY,ATTACK,TAKE,DROP,MAKEALIAS,EQUIP,SLEDGE,LADDER,GOLD,ALL,QUIT
-- (nb: N/W/U/D/E/S (tee hee) must be 1..6, N<->S etc via 7-d)
-- (nb: SLEDGE/LADDER/GOLD together in that order)
-- (nb: This enum is fixed, whereas eg "north" can be aliased away}
-- order must match enum:
constant moves = {{+1, 0, 0}, -- N
{ 0,-1, 0}, -- W
{ 0, 0,+1}, -- U
{ 0, 0,-1}, -- D
{ 0,+1, 0}, -- E
{-1, 0, 0}} -- S
-- order not important:
sequence cmds = {{"north",DIRECTION,N},
{"west", DIRECTION,W},
{"up", DIRECTION,U},
{"down", DIRECTION,D},
{"east", DIRECTION,E},
{"south",DIRECTION,S},
{"inventory",SINGLE_WORD_COMMAND,INVENTORY},
-- {"dig",NEEDS_DIRECTION,ATTACK}, -- no (prevents drop)
{"attack",NEEDS_DIRECTION,ATTACK},
{"take", NEEDS_ITEM,TAKE},
{"drop", NEEDS_ITEM,DROP},
{"alias",SINGLE_WORD_COMMAND,MAKEALIAS},
{"equip",NEEDS_ITEM,EQUIP},
{"sledge",ITEM,SLEDGE},
-- {"pickaxe",ITEM,SLEDGE},
{"ladder",ITEM,LADDER},
{"gold",ITEM,GOLD},
{"all",ITEM,ALL},
{"quit",SINGLE_WORD_COMMAND,QUIT},
{"n",ALIAS,{{"attack","north"},{"north"}}}}, -- (eg)
{commands,kinds,data} = columnize(cmds)
procedure clear_prompt(string prompt, sequence words)
string s = prompt&join(words)
puts(1,"\r"&repeat(' ',length(s))&"\r")
end procedure
function next_cmd(integer k, shift)
k += shift
if k=0 then
k = length(cmds)
elsif k>length(cmds) then
k = 1
end if
return k
end function
function begins_with(integer ch, kind, bool isalias)
if kind=ALIAS then ?9/0 end if -- sanity check
sequence items = {}
for i=1 to length(commands) do
if ((kind=0 and (kinds[i]!=ITEM or isalias)) or
kinds[i]=kind)
and commands[i][1]=ch then
items = append(items,commands[i])
end if
end for
return items
end function
sequence history = {}
function get_command(string prompt="")
--
-- Selects by ititial letter, eg tg -> "take gold" (<return> confirms)
--
-- Returns eg {"take","gold"}, or {} to quit (already confirmed)
--
-- Could probably be improved by allowing full entry of eg "take gold"
-- to ignore entered characters that match auto-fills from the t and g.
--
string s = ""
sequence words = {}, items
integer last, this
bool show = false, bExtend, isalias = (prompt="Alias:")
integer k, shift, hdx = 0
puts(1,prompt)
while 1 do
integer ch = lower(wait_key())
if ch='\r' then
if isalias then exit end if
if length(words) then
if find(last,{NEEDS_DIRECTION,NEEDS_ITEM}) then
clear_prompt(prompt,words)
string what = iff(last=NEEDS_ITEM?"item":"direction")
printf(1,"missing %s\n",{what})
show = true
else
exit
end if
else
clear_prompt(prompt,words)
puts(1,"Quit?(Y/N):")
ch = upper(wait_key())
puts(1,ch)
if ch='Y' then exit end if
puts(1,"\r \r")
show = true
end if
elsif ch=#1B
or ch='\b' then
if ch=#1B then -- escape
if length(words)=0 then exit end if
-- (else treat as \b)
end if
if length(words)>0 then
clear_prompt(prompt,words)
words = words[1..$-1]
show = true
end if
elsif ch='?' then
clear_prompt(prompt,words)
puts(1,help_text)
show = true
elsif ch='!' then
?9/0
elsif ch>=' ' and ch<='~' then
items = {}
if length(words)
and find(last,{NEEDS_DIRECTION,NEEDS_ITEM}) then
items = begins_with(ch,last-1,false)
bExtend = true
end if
if length(items)=0 then
items = begins_with(ch,iff(length(words)?last:0),isalias)
if (length(items)=0 and length(words)=1)
or items=words then
items = begins_with(ch,0,isalias)
bExtend = false
else
bExtend = length(words)=0
end if
end if
if length(items) then
k = iff(length(words)=0?0:find(words[$],items))
if k=0 or k=length(items) then
k = 1
else
k += 1
end if
string key = items[k]
if bExtend then
if length(words) then puts(1," ") end if
words = append(words,key)
puts(1,key)
else
clear_prompt(prompt,words)
words[$] = key
show = true
end if
last = kinds[find(key,commands)]
if last=ALIAS then last = 0 end if
end if
elsif ch=331 -- leftarrow
or ch=333 then -- rightarrow
shift = iff(ch=331?-1:+1)
clear_prompt(prompt,words)
if length(words) then
k = find(words[$],commands)
if k=0 then ?9/0 end if
else
k = iff(ch=331?length(cmds)+1:0)
end if
if length(words)=2 then
while true do
k = next_cmd(k,shift)
if kinds[k]=last then
words[$] = commands[k]
exit
end if
end while
else
while true do
k = next_cmd(k,shift)
last = kinds[k]
if last=ALIAS then last = 0 end if
if last!=ITEM then
words = {commands[k]}
exit
end if
end while
end if
show = true
elsif ch=328 -- uparrow
or ch=336 then -- downarrow
clear_prompt(prompt,words)
if length(history)=0 then
puts(1,"no history\n")
else
shift = iff(ch=328?-1:+1)
hdx += shift
if hdx<=0 then hdx = length(history)
elsif hdx>length(history) then hdx = 1 end if
words = history[hdx]
end if
show = true
end if
if show then
show = false
s = prompt&join(words)
puts(1,s)
if length(words) then
last = kinds[find(words[$],commands)]
if last=ALIAS then last = 0 end if
end if
end if
end while
printf(1,"\n")
if length(words) then
k = find(words,history)
if k then
history[k..k] = {}
end if
history = append(history,words)
end if
return words
end function
bool aliases_banned = false
function check_circular(string name, integer k, sequence seen={})
--
-- eg 1) alias "yy" to something benign, such as inventory.
-- 2) alias "zz" to "yy" (quite possibly indirectly)
-- 3) re-alias "yy" to "zz", oh dear, infinite loop...
--
-- solution: ban the running of aliases until such resolved.
--
if kinds[k]!=ALIAS then return false end if
sequence kk = data[k]
for i=1 to length(kk) do
string cmd = kk[i][1]
k = find(cmd,commands)
if not find(k,seen) then
seen &= k
if cmd=name or k=0 or check_circular(name,k,seen) then
return true
end if
end if
end for
return false
end function
procedure check_conflicts()
--
-- warn if eg "dig down" is going to conflict with "drop"
-- (potentially preventing selection of "drop" via 'd')
-- unlike check_circular, this does not ban anything.
--
string needs = "", ids = ""
sequence needn = {}
integer ch, k, ki
for i=1 to length(kinds) do
ch = commands[i][1]
ki = kinds[i]
if find(ki,{NEEDS_DIRECTION,NEEDS_ITEM}) then
k = find(ch,needs)
if k=0 then
needs &= ch
needn &= 1
else
needn[k] += 1
end if
elsif find(ki,{DIRECTION,ITEM}) then
k = find(ch,ids)
if k=0 then
ids &= ch
end if
end if
end for
for i=1 to length(ids) do
ch = ids[i]
k = find(ch,needs)
if k and needn[k]>1 then
printf(1,"warning: command/direction/item conflict over '%c'\n",ch)
end if
end for
end procedure
check_conflicts()
procedure alias()
--
-- single word aliases are added to "cmds" as per the originals.
-- whole command [set]s are added to "cmds" as type ALIAS.
--
-- note this is open to all kinds of abuse I had no time to test for,
-- eg you can alias the alias command itself as rename, which is fine,
-- but you could also specify rename as attack north/alias/take gold,
-- which makes no proper sense, and would re-prompt at every mid-run.
--
string name = lower(prompt_string("Enter alias name(? for help):"))
if name="?" then
puts(1,alias_help)
sequence sets = {{"DIRECTION",DIRECTION},
{"INVENTORY",INVENTORY},
{"MAKEALIAS",MAKEALIAS},
{"ATTACK",ATTACK},
{"TAKE",TAKE},
{"DROP",DROP},
{"EQUIP",EQUIP},
{"SLEDGE",SLEDGE},
{"LADDER",LADDER},
{"GOLD",GOLD},
{"ALL",ALL},
{"QUIT",QUIT}}
for i=1 to length(sets) do
{string kindstr, integer kind} = sets[i]
sequence set = {}
for k=1 to length(cmds) do
if iff(kind=DIRECTION?kinds[k]:data[k])=kind then
set = append(set,commands[k])
end if
end for
printf(1,"%s: %s\n",{kindstr,join(set,",")})
end for
for i=1 to length(kinds) do
if kinds[i]=ALIAS then
sequence di = data[i]
for j=1 to length(di) do di[j] = join(di[j]," ") end for
printf(1,"%s : %s\n",{commands[i],join(di,", ")})
end if
end for
printf(1,"\n")
elsif name!="" then
integer k = find(name,commands)
if k then
-- note: no check is made as to whether a command is still
-- being referenced, just "not the last of its kind".
if kinds[k]!=ALIAS then
integer k2 = 0
for i=1 to length(kinds) do
if i!=k
and kinds[i]=kinds[k]
and data[i]=data[k] then
k2 = i
exit
end if
end for
if k2=0 then
-- user needs to copy(/alias), then delete...
printf(1,"last of kind, cannot delete\n")
return
end if
end if
printf(1,"Delete existing command?(Y/N):")
integer ch = upper(wait_key())
printf(1,"%c\n",ch)
if ch!='Y' then return end if
cmds[k..k] = {}
commands[k..k] = {}
kinds[k..k] = {}
data[k..k] = {}
for i=length(history) to 1 by -1 do
if find(name,history[i]) then
history[i..i] = {}
end if
end for
end if
sequence set = {}
while true do
object one = get_command("Alias:")
if one={} then exit end if
k = find(one[1],commands)
integer kk = kinds[k]
if length(one)=1
and kk!=ALIAS then
-- single word
if find(kk,{NEEDS_DIRECTION,NEEDS_ITEM,ITEM}) then
if length(set) then
puts(1,"invalid - whole commands only, in a set\n")
else
cmds = append(cmds,{name,kk,data[k]})
commands = append(commands,name)
kinds = append(kinds,kk)
data = append(data,data[k])
check_conflicts()
exit
end if
else
set = append(set,one)
end if
else
-- whole command(s)
set = append(set,one)
end if
end while
if length(set) then
sequence kind = {name,ALIAS,set}
cmds = append(cmds,kind)
commands = append(commands,name)
kinds = append(kinds,ALIAS)
data = append(data,set)
end if
aliases_banned = false
for k=1 to length(cmds) do
if check_circular(commands[k],k) then
puts(1,"invalid - circular or undefined reference\n")
aliases_banned = true
exit
end if
end for
end if
end procedure
constant rooms = new_dict()
sequence location = {0,0,0}
constant room_descriptions = {"cold dark room",
"very stinky room",
"small but comfortable room",
"room with an incredible echo! Yahollaydoo!",
"grim room resembling a window-less jail",
"green room",
"black room",
"blue room",
"brown sad room",
"room which breathes pain"}
bool game_over = false,
equipped = false -- (possibly a bit too simple)
integer others = 1 -- ensure a SLEDGE is available somewhere,
-- set to -1 when that's all done & dusted
procedure make_room(sequence location, integer hole=0)
integer desc = rand(length(room_descriptions))
sequence items = {}, -- (nb no quantities, as yet...)
exits = repeat(false,S)
if hole then exits[hole] = true end if
for d=N to S do
-- No up until we've placed a sledge, otherwise would
-- need to ensure ladder was present on each floor.
if others=-1 or d!=U then
sequence next_door = sq_add(location,moves[d])
integer node = getd_index(next_door,rooms)
if node=NULL then
if rand(5)=1 then
exits[d] = true
if others!=-1 then others += 1 end if
end if
else
sequence {?,?,nexits} = getd_by_index(node,rooms)
exits[d] = nexits[7-d]
end if
end if
end for
others -= 1
for item=SLEDGE to GOLD do -- (LADDER in the middle)
if rand(3)=1
or others=0 -- ensure sledge if last room
or (exits[U] and item=LADDER) then -- no death traps
items &= item
if others=0 then others = -1 end if
end if
end for
sequence room = {desc,items,exits}
setd(location,room,rooms)
end procedure
if getd_index(location,rooms)=NULL then make_room(location) end if
sequence carryable = {SLEDGE,LADDER,GOLD},
carrying = repeat(0,length(carryable))
procedure inventory()
string totes = ""
if sum(carrying)=0 and not game_over then
totes = "nothing"
else
for i=1 to length(carrying) do
integer ci = carryable[i], cq = carrying[i]
if cq!=0 then
if length(totes) then totes &= ", " end if
string name = commands[find(ci,data)]
if cq=1 then
totes &= iff(ci=GOLD?"one piece of ":"a ")&name
else
totes &= sprintf("%d ",cq)&iff(ci=GOLD?"pieces of "&name:name&"s")
end if
end if
end for
if game_over then
if length(totes) then totes &= ", and " end if
totes &= "a printed A4 certificate of achievement as given to all winners"
end if
end if
printf(1,"You are carrying %s.\n",{totes})
end procedure
procedure show_room()
{integer desc, sequence items, sequence exits} = getd(location,rooms)
printf(1, "You are in a %s %v\n",{room_descriptions[desc],location})
if length(items) then
for i=1 to length(items) do
items[i] = commands[find(items[i],data)]
end for
if length(items)=1 and items!={"gold"} then
items = "a "&items[1]
else
items = join(items,", ")
end if
printf(1,"You see %s.\n",{items})
end if
if find(true,exits)!=0 then
for i=length(exits) to 1 by -1 do
if exits[i] then
exits[i] = commands[find(i,data)]
else
exits[i..i] = {}
end if
end for
string isare = iff(length(exits)=1?"is an exit":"are exits")
printf(1,"There %s %s.\n",{isare,join(exits,", ")})
end if
printf(1,"\n")
if location={1,1,5} then
game_over = true
printf(1,"You win! Game over.\n\n")
inventory()
end if
end procedure
procedure move(integer direction)
{integer desc, sequence items, sequence exits} = getd(location,rooms)
if not exits[direction] then
printf(1,"There is no passage that way.\n")
elsif direction=U
and not find(LADDER,items) then
printf(1,"There is no ladder in the room.\n")
else
location = sq_add(location,moves[direction])
if getd_index(location,rooms)=NULL then
make_room(location,7-direction)
end if
{desc, items, exits} = getd(location,rooms)
if exits[D] then
sequence below = sq_add(location,moves[D])
integer node = getd_index(below,rooms)
if node!=NULL then
{desc, items, exits} = getd_by_index(node,rooms)
if find(LADDER,items)=0 then
printf(1,"You fall down a hole in the floor and die.\n")
game_over = true
return
end if
end if
end if
show_room()
end if
end procedure
procedure dig(integer direction)
{integer desc, sequence items, sequence exits} = getd(location,rooms)
if not equipped then
printf(1,"You claw at the rock with your bare hands until your fingers bleed.\n")
elsif rnd()<0.1 then
-- (if it is the last one then game over...)
printf(1,"Your sledge has broken.\n")
equipped = false
carrying[find(SLEDGE,carryable)] -= 1
elsif exits[direction] then
printf(1,"There is already a passage that way, you make it a little bigger.\n")
else
sequence new_location = sq_add(location,moves[direction])
if getd_index(new_location,rooms)=NULL then
make_room(new_location)
end if
exits[direction] = true
sequence die = {desc,items,exits} -- (save before overwriting)
{desc,items,exits} = getd(new_location,rooms)
integer hole = 7-direction
if exits[hole] then ?9/0 end if
if direction=D
and not find(LADDER,items) then
printf(1,"You dig a tiny hole no bigger than your fist.\n")
printf(1,"Seeing no ladder, you decide it is too risky to continue.\n")
else
exits[hole] = true
setd(location,die,rooms)
setd(new_location,{desc,items,exits},rooms)
string way = commands[find(direction,data)]
printf(1,"You dig a passage %s.\n",{way})
end if
end if
end procedure
procedure take(integer item)
{integer desc, sequence items, sequence exits} = getd(location,rooms)
if item=ALL then
for i=1 to length(items) do take(items[i]) end for
else
string name = commands[find(item,data)]
integer k = find(item,items)
if k=0 then
printf(1,"There isn't any %s here.\n",{name})
else
items[k..k] = {}
setd(location,{desc,items,exits},rooms)
k = find(item,carryable)
carrying[k] += 1
printf(1,"You pick up the %s.\n",{name})
end if
end if
end procedure
procedure drop(integer item, integer qty=1)
-- note: dropping (all) 8 pieces of gold results in one on the floor...
if item=ALL then
if sum(carrying)=0 then
printf(1,"You aren't carrying anything.\n")
else
for i=1 to length(carrying) do
qty = carrying[i]
drop(carryable[i],qty)
end for
end if
elsif qty then
string name = commands[find(item,data)]
integer k = find(item,carryable)
if carrying[k]=0 then
printf(1,"You aren't carrying any %s.\n",{name})
else
carrying[k] -= qty
{integer desc, sequence items, sequence exits} = getd(location,rooms)
if not find(item,items) then
items &= item
setd(location,{desc,items,exits},rooms)
end if
printf(1,"You drop the %s.\n",{name})
if item=SLEDGE then equipped = false end if
end if
end if
end procedure
procedure equip(integer item)
string name = commands[find(item,data)]
integer k = find(item,carryable)
if carrying[k]=0 then
printf(1,"You aren't carrying %s %s.\n",{iff(item=GOLD?"any":"a"),name})
elsif item!=SLEDGE then
printf(1,"You can't equip %s%s.\n",{iff(item=GOLD?"":"a "),name})
elsif equipped then
printf(1,"already equipped.\n")
else
equipped = true
printf(1,"You equip the %s.\n",{name})
end if
end procedure
procedure process_command(sequence c)
--
-- tip: replace the inner switches with tables of routine_ids,
-- that is should they start to get a little too unwieldy.
--
integer k = find(c[1],commands)
switch kinds[k] do
case ALIAS: -- (the nested variety)
if aliases_banned then
printf(1,"Sorry, aliases banned until circular references resolved.\n")
else
for i=1 to length(data[k]) do
printf(1,"Running:%s\n",{join(data[k][i])})
process_command(data[k][i])
if game_over then exit end if
end for
end if
case DIRECTION:
move(data[k])
case NEEDS_DIRECTION, NEEDS_ITEM:
integer dk = data[find(c[2],commands)]
switch data[k] do
case ATTACK: dig(dk)
case TAKE: take(dk)
case DROP: drop(dk)
case EQUIP: equip(dk)
default: ?9/0
end switch
case SINGLE_WORD_COMMAND:
switch data[k] do
case INVENTORY: inventory()
case MAKEALIAS: alias()
case QUIT: game_over = true
default: ?9/0
end switch
default: ?9/0
end switch
end procedure
puts(1,start_text)
show_room()
while not game_over do
sequence c = get_command("Command:")
if c={} then exit end if
process_command(c)
end while