⚠️ Warning: This is a draft ⚠️
This means it might contain formatting issues, incorrect code, conceptual problems, or other severe issues.
If you want to help to improve and eventually enable this page, please fork RosettaGit's repository and open a merge request on GitHub.
{{task|File handling}} {{omit from|Batch File|No way of reading entire files or putting line breaks into variables.}} {{omit from|Brainfuck}} {{omit from|TI-83 BASIC|No filesystem.}} {{omit from|TI-89 BASIC|No filesystem.}} {{omit from|Unlambda|Does not know files.}}
;Task: Load the entire contents of some text file as a single string variable.
If applicable, discuss: encoding selection, the possibility of memory-mapping.
Of course, in practice one should avoid reading an entire file at once if the file is large and the task can be accomplished incrementally instead (in which case check [[File IO]]); this is for those cases where having the entire file is actually what is wanted.
8th
The "slurp" word will read the entire contents of the file into memory, as-is, and give a "buffer". The ">s" converts that to a string, again "as-is"
"somefile.txt" f:slurp >s
Ada
=== Ada.Direct_IO ===
{{works with|Ada 2005}}
Using Ada.Directories to first ask for the file size and then Ada.Direct_IO to read the whole file in one chunk:
with Ada.Directories,
Ada.Direct_IO,
Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Whole_File is
File_Name : String := "whole_file.adb";
File_Size : Natural := Natural (Ada.Directories.Size (File_Name));
subtype File_String is String (1 .. File_Size);
package File_String_IO is new Ada.Direct_IO (File_String);
File : File_String_IO.File_Type;
Contents : File_String;
begin
File_String_IO.Open (File, Mode => File_String_IO.In_File,
Name => File_Name);
File_String_IO.Read (File, Item => Contents);
File_String_IO.Close (File);
Ada.Text_IO.Put (Contents);
end Whole_File;
This kind of solution is limited a bit by the fact that the GNAT implementation of Ada.Direct_IO first allocates a copy of the read object on the stack inside Ada.Direct_IO.Read. On Linux you can use the command "limit stacksize 1024M" to increase the available stack for your processes to 1Gb, which gives your program more freedom to use the stack for allocating objects.
=== POSIX.Memory_Mapping ===
{{works with|POSIX}} {{works with|Ada 95}}
Mapping the whole file into the address space of your process and then overlaying the file with a String object.
with Ada.Text_IO,
POSIX.IO,
POSIX.Memory_Mapping,
System.Storage_Elements;
procedure Read_Entire_File is
use POSIX, POSIX.IO, POSIX.Memory_Mapping;
use System.Storage_Elements;
Text_File : File_Descriptor;
Text_Size : System.Storage_Elements.Storage_Offset;
Text_Address : System.Address;
begin
Text_File := Open (Name => "read_entire_file.adb",
Mode => Read_Only);
Text_Size := Storage_Offset (File_Size (Text_File));
Text_Address := Map_Memory (Length => Text_Size,
Protection => Allow_Read,
Mapping => Map_Shared,
File => Text_File,
Offset => 0);
declare
Text : String (1 .. Natural (Text_Size));
for Text'Address use Text_Address;
begin
Ada.Text_IO.Put (Text);
end;
Unmap_Memory (First => Text_Address,
Length => Text_Size);
Close (File => Text_File);
end Read_Entire_File;
Character encodings and their handling are not really specified in Ada. What Ada does specify is three different character types (and corresponding string types):
- Character - containing the set of ISO-8859-1 characters.
- Wide_Character - containing the set of ISO-10646 BMP characters.
- Wide_Wide_Character - containing the full set of ISO-10646 characters. The GNU Ada compiler (GNAT) seems to read in text files as bytes, completely ignoring any operating system information on character encoding. You can use -gnatW8 in Ada 2005 mode to use UTF-8 characters in identifier names.
AutoHotkey
fileread, varname, C:\filename.txt ; adding "MsgBox %varname%" (no quotes) to the next line will display the file contents.
This script works fine as-is provided C:\filename.txt exists.
AutoIt
$fileOpen = FileOpen("file.txt")
$fileRead = FileRead($fileOpen)
FileClose($fileOpen)
ALGOL 68
In official ALGOL 68 a '''file''' is composed of pages, lines and characters, however for [[ALGOL 68 Genie]] and [[ELLA ALGOL 68RS]] this concept is not supported as they adopt the [[wp:Unix|Unix]] concept of files being "flat", and hence contain only characters.
The book can contain ''new page''s and ''new line''s, are not of any particular character set, hence are system independent. The character set is set by a call to ''make conv'', eg ''make conv(tape, ebcdic conv);'' - c.f. [[Character_codes#ALGOL_68|Character_codes]] for more details.
'''In official/standard ALGOL 68 only:'''
MODE BOOK = FLEX[0]FLEX[0]FLEX[0]CHAR; ¢ pages of lines of characters ¢
BOOK book;
FILE book file;
INT errno = open(book file, "book.txt", stand in channel);
get(book file, book)
Once a "book" has been read into a '''book''' array it can still be associated with a virtual '''file''' and again be accessed with standard '''file''' routines (such as ''readf'', ''printf'', ''putf'', ''getf'', ''new line'' etc). This means data can be directly manipulated from a array cached in "core" using ''transput'' (stdio) routines.
'''In official/standard ALGOL 68 only:'''
FILE cached book file;
associate(cached book file, book)
AppleScript
set pathToTextFile to ((path to desktop folder as string) & "testfile.txt")
-- short way: open, read and close in one step
set fileContent to read file pathToTextFile
-- long way: open a file reference, read content and close access
set fileRef to open for access pathToTextFile
set fileContent to read fileRef
close access fileRef
Arturo
contents $(file:read "input.txt")
AWK
#!/usr/bin/awk -f
BEGIN {
## empty record separate,
RS="";
## read line (i.e. whole file) into $0
getline;
## print line number and content of line
print "=== line "NR,":",$0;
}
{
## no further line is read printed
print "=== line "NR,":",$0;
}
{{works with|gawk}}
#!/usr/bin/awk -f
@include "readfile"
BEGIN {
str = readfile("file.txt")
print str
}
BaCon
For string data:
content$ = LOAD$(filename$)
For memory mapped binary data:
binary = BLOAD("somefile.bin")
PRINT "First two bytes are: ", PEEK(binary), " ", PEEK(binary+1)
FREE binary
BASIC
Whether or not various encodings are supported is implementation-specific.
{{works with|QBasic}}
DIM f AS STRING
OPEN "file.txt" FOR BINARY AS 1
f = SPACE$(LOF(1))
GET #1, 1, f
CLOSE 1
=
Commodore BASIC
=
10 rem load the entire contents of some text file as a single string variable.
20 rem should avoid reading an entire file at once if the file is large
30 rem
### ==========================
40 print chr$(14) : rem switch to upper+lowercase character set
50 open 4,8,4,"data.txt,seq,read"
60 n=0
70 for i=0 to 1
80 get#4,x$
90 i=st and 64 : rem check for 'end-of-file'
100 if i=0 then a$=a$+x$ : n=n+1
110 if n=255 then i=1 : rem max string length is 255 only
120 next
130 close 4
140 end
BBC BASIC
In [[BBC BASIC for Windows]] and [[Brandy BASIC]] the maximum string length is 65535 characters.
file% = OPENIN("input.txt")
strvar$ = ""
WHILE NOT EOF#file%
strvar$ += CHR$(BGET#file%)
ENDWHILE
CLOSE #file%
API version: {{works with|BBC BASIC for Windows}}
file% = OPENIN("input.txt")
strvar$ = STRING$(EXT#file%, " ")
SYS "ReadFile", @hfile%(file%), !^strvar$, EXT#file%, ^temp%, 0
CLOSE #file%
Bracmat
get'(filename,STR):?myString
=={{header|Brainfuck}}== While the language certainly doesn't support strings in the traditional sense, relaxing the definition to mean any contiguous sequence of null-terminated bytes permits a reasonable facsimile. This cat program eschews the simpler byte-by-byte approach (,[.,]) to demonstrate the technique.
Keep cell 0 at 0 as a sentinel value
,[>,] Read into successive cells until EOF
<[<] Go all the way back to the beginning
>[.>] Print successive cells while nonzero
{{out}}
$ curl -Ls rosettacode.org | bf ">,[>,]<[<]>[.>]"
<!DOCTYPE html>
...
</html>
Tape: [0, 60, 33, 68, 79, 67, 84, 89, 80, 69, 32, 104, 116, 109, 108, 62, 10 ... 60, 47, 104, 116, 109, 108, 62, 10, 0]
Brat
include :file
file.read file_name
C
It is not possible to specify encodings: the file is read as binary data (on some system, the b flag is ignored and there's no difference between "r" and "rb"; on others, it changes the way the "new lines" are treated, but this should not affect fread)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char *buffer;
FILE *fh = fopen("readentirefile.c", "rb");
if ( fh != NULL )
{
fseek(fh, 0L, SEEK_END);
long s = ftell(fh);
rewind(fh);
buffer = malloc(s);
if ( buffer != NULL )
{
fread(buffer, s, 1, fh);
// we can now close the file
fclose(fh); fh = NULL;
// do something, e.g.
fwrite(buffer, s, 1, stdout);
free(buffer);
}
if (fh != NULL) fclose(fh);
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Memory map
{{works with|POSIX}}
We can memory-map the file.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main()
{
char *buffer;
struct stat s;
int fd = open("readentirefile_mm.c", O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0 ) return EXIT_FAILURE;
fstat(fd, &s);
/* PROT_READ disallows writing to buffer: will segv */
buffer = mmap(0, s.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
if ( buffer != (void*)-1 )
{
/* do something */
fwrite(buffer, s.st_size, 1, stdout);
munmap(buffer, s.st_size);
}
close(fd);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
{{works with|Windows}}
Memory map on Windows. See MSDN, starting with '''[https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa366556.aspx File Mapping]'''. In practice, it would be necessary to check for errors, and to take care of large files. Also, this example is using a view on the whole file, but it's possible to create a smaller view.
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
HANDLE hFile, hMap;
DWORD filesize;
char *p;
hFile = CreateFile("mmap_win.c", GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
filesize = GetFileSize(hFile, NULL);
hMap = CreateFileMapping(hFile, NULL, PAGE_READONLY, 0, 0, NULL);
p = MapViewOfFile(hMap, FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, 0);
fwrite(p, filesize, 1, stdout);
CloseHandle(hMap);
CloseHandle(hFile);
return 0;
}
C++
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
int main( )
{
if (std::ifstream infile("sample.txt"))
{
// construct string from iterator range
std::string fileData(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(infile), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
cout << "File has " << fileData.size() << "chars\n";
// don't need to manually close the ifstream; it will release the file when it goes out of scope
return 0;
}
else
{
std::cout << "file not found!\n";
return 1;
}
}
C#
{{works with|C sharp|3.0}}
using System.IO;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var fileContents = File.ReadAllText("c:\\autoexec.bat");
// Can optionally take a second parameter to specify the encoding, e.g. File.ReadAllText("c:\\autoexec.bat", Encoding.UTF8)
}
}
Clojure
The core function ''slurp'' does the trick; you can specify an encoding as an optional second argument:
(slurp "myfile.txt")
(slurp "my-utf8-file.txt" "UTF-8")
CMake
Sets a variable named ''string''.
file(READ /etc/passwd string)
This works with text files, but fails with binary files that contain NUL characters. CMake truncates the string at the first NUL character, and there is no way to detect this truncation.
The only way to read binary files is to use the ''HEX'' keyword to convert the entire file to a hexadecimal string.
file(READ /etc/pwd.db string HEX)
Common Lisp
The following will read and store the file as a sequence of bytes.
(defun file-string (path)
(with-open-file (stream path)
(let ((data (make-string (file-length stream))))
(read-sequence data stream)
data)))
The macro '''with-open-file''' could be passed ''':external-format :utf-8''' on some implementations (which it would pass on to '''open''') so that reading would occur by unicode character but '''(file-length stream)''' would continue to return the number of bytes, not characters, necessary for storing it.
D
import std.file: read, readText;
void main() {
// To read a whole file into a dynamic array of unsigned bytes:
auto data = cast(ubyte[])read("unixdict.txt");
// To read a whole file into a validated UTF-8 string:
string txt = readText("unixdict.txt");
}
Delphi
Using TStringList
program ReadAll;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses Classes;
var
i: Integer;
lList: TStringList;
begin
lList := TStringList.Create;
try
lList.LoadFromFile('c:\input.txt');
// Write everything at once
Writeln(lList.Text);
// Write one line at a time
for i := 0 to lList.Count - 1 do
Writeln(lList[i]);
finally
lList.Free;
end;
end.
'''Works with''': Delphi 2010 and above
program ReadAll;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses
SysUtils, IOUtils;
begin
// with default encoding:
Writeln(TFile.ReadAllText('C:\autoexec.bat'));
// with encoding specified:
Writeln(TFile.ReadAllText('C:\autoexec.bat', TEncoding.ASCII));
Readln;
end.
=={{header|Déjà Vu}}==
To get a string from a file, you need to explicitly decode the binary blob that is read. Currently only UTF-8 is supported by vu.
local :filecontents !decode!utf-8 !read "file.txt"
E
.getText()
The file is assumed to be in the default encoding.
Elixir
Two solutions in the FileReader namespace. File returns a tuple: {:ok, file} is successful or {:error, reason} if unsuccessful. Errors can be caught and turned into error strings via Erlang's :file.format_error function.
defmodule FileReader do
# Read in the file
def read(path) do
case File.read(path) do
{:ok, body} ->
IO.inspect body
{:error,reason} ->
:file.format_error(reason)
end
end
# Open the file path, then read in the file
def bit_read(path) do
case File.open(path) do
{:ok, file} ->
# :all can be replaced with :line, or with a positive integer to specify the number of characters to read.
IO.read(file,:all)
|> IO.inspect
{:error,reason} ->
:file.format_error(reason)
end
end
end
Emacs Lisp
insert-file-contents does all Emacs' usual character coding, magic file names, decompression, format decoding, etc. (insert-file-contents-literally can avoid that if unwanted.)
(setq my-variable (with-temp-buffer
(insert-file-contents "foo.txt")
(buffer-string)))
(If an existing buffer is visiting the file, perhaps yet unsaved, it may be helpful to take its contents instead of re-reading the file. find-buffer-visiting can locate such a buffer.)
Erlang
{ok, B} = file:read_file("myfile.txt").
This reads the entire file into a binary object.
Euphoria
''Euphoria cannot natively handle multibyte character encodings. The openEuphoria team is/was working on supporting it. It may have been implemented by now.''
function load_file(sequence filename)
integer fn,c
sequence data
fn = open(filename,"r") -- "r" for text files, "rb" for binary files
if (fn = -1) then return {} end if -- failed to open the file
data = {} -- init to empty sequence
c = getc(fn) -- prime the char buffer
while (c != -1) do -- while not EOF
data &= c -- append each character
c = getc(fn) -- next char
end while
close(fn)
return data
end function
=={{header|F Sharp|F#}}==
// read entire file into variable using default system encoding or with specified encoding
open System.IO
let data = File.ReadAllText(filename)
let utf8 = File.ReadAllText(filename, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8)
Factor
USING: io.encodings.ascii io.encodings.binary io.files ;
! to read entire file as binary
"foo.txt" binary file-contents
! to read entire file as lines of text
"foo.txt" ascii file-lines
Fantom
Provide the filename to read from as a command-line parameter.
class ReadString
{
public static Void main (Str[] args)
{
Str contents := File(args[0].toUri).readAllStr
echo ("contents: $contents")
}
}
Forth
{{works with|GNU Forth}}
s" foo.txt" slurp-file ( str len )
Fortran
Reading the entire source file in memory, then printing it. It relies on the SIZE attribute of the INQUIRE statement returning the size of the file in bytes, whereupon the ALLOCATE statement prepares a variable of the right size to receive the whole content. This SIZE facility was introduced with F2003, and prior to F90 there was no ALLOCATE facility: the size of variables was fixed at compile time.
program read_file
implicit none
integer :: n
character(:), allocatable :: s
open(unit=10, file="read_file.f90", action="read", &
form="unformatted", access="stream")
inquire(unit=10, size=n)
allocate(character(n) :: s)
read(10) s
close(10)
print "(A)", s
end program
Intel Fortran on Windows
Here is a solution using the Windows API to create a memory map of a file. It is used to print the source code of the program on the console.
program file_win
use kernel32
use iso_c_binding
implicit none
integer(HANDLE) :: hFile, hMap, hOutput
integer(DWORD) :: fileSize
integer(LPVOID) :: ptr
integer(LPDWORD) :: charsWritten
integer(BOOL) :: s
hFile = CreateFile("file_win.f90" // c_null_char, GENERIC_READ, &
0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL)
filesize = GetFileSize(hFile, NULL)
hMap = CreateFileMapping(hFile, NULL, PAGE_READONLY, 0, 0, NULL)
ptr = MapViewOfFile(hMap, FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, 0)
hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
s = WriteConsole(hOutput, ptr, fileSize, transfer(c_loc(charsWritten), 0_c_intptr_t), NULL)
s = CloseHandle(hMap)
s = CloseHandle(hFile)
end program
FreeBASIC
' FB 1.05.0 Win64
Open "input.txt" For Input Encoding "ascii" As #1
Dim fileLen As LongInt = Lof(1) '' get file length in bytes
Dim buffer As String = Space(fileLen) '' allocate a string of size 'fileLen' bytes
Get #1, 1, buffer '' read all data from start of file into the buffer
Print buffer '' print to console
buffer = "" '' release memory used by setting buffer to empty
Close #1
Sleep
Frink
The read[URL] function reads the entire contents of a URL. The encoding can be specified if necessary.
a = read["file:yourfile.txt"]
b = read["file:yourfile.txt", "UTF-8"]
FutureBasic
Note: This code goes beyond simply specifying the file to open. It includes a dialog window that allows the user to select a text file to read. Depending on system memory, as many as 4.2 billion characters can be read. The file contents are placed in a convenient console window with automatic save as, copy and paste, select all and undo commands. (Did I mention that FutureBasic -- or FB as developers prefer to call it -- is handy for Macintosh development!) Of course, the programmer is free to code his own window and menu options.
include "ConsoleWindow"
local fn ReadTextFile
dim as CFURLRef fileRef
dim as Handle h
dim as CFStringRef cfStr : cfStr = NULL
dim as long fileLen
if ( files$( _CFURLRefOpen, "TEXT", "Select text file...", @fileRef ) )
open "i", 2, fileRef
fileLen = lof( 2, 1 )
h = fn NewHandleClear( fileLen )
if ( h )
read file 2, [h], fileLen
close #2
cfStr = fn CFStringCreateWithBytes( _kCFAllocatorDefault, #[h], fn GetHandleSize(h), _kCFStringEncodingMacRoman, _false )
fn DisposeH( h )
end if
else
// User canceled
end if
fn HIViewSetText( sConsoleHITextView, cfStr )
CFRelease( cfStr )
end fn
fn ReadTextFile
This can be shortened considerably by wrapping Objective-C code:
include "ConsoleWindow"
local fn ReadTextFile
dim as CFURLRef fileRef
dim as CFStringRef cfStr : cfStr = NULL
if ( files$( _CFURLRefOpen, "TEXT", "Select text file...", @fileRef ) )
BeginCCode
cfStr = (CFStringRef)[[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)fileRef encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
EndC
fn HIViewSetText( sConsoleHITextView, cfStr )
CFRelease( cfStr )
else
// User canceled
end if
end fn
fn ReadTextFile
GAP
InputTextFile("input.txt");
s := ReadAll(f);; # two semicolons to hide the result, which may be long
CloseStream(f);
Gambas
Public Sub Form_Open()
Dim sFile As String
sFile = File.Load(User.home &/ "file.txt")
End
Genie
[indent=4]
/*
Read entire file, in Genie
valac readEntireFile.gs
./readEntireFile [filename]
*/
init
fileName:string
fileContents:string
fileName = (args[1] is null) ? "readEntireFile.gs" : args[1]
try
FileUtils.get_contents(fileName, out fileContents)
except exc:Error
print "Error: %s", exc.message
return
stdout.printf("%d bytes read from %s\n", fileContents.length, fileName)
{{out}}
prompt$ valac readEntireFile.gs
prompt$ ./readEntireFile
443 bytes read from readEntireFile.gs
prompt$ ./readEntireFile nofile
Error: Failed to open file ?nofile?: No such file or directory
prompt$ ./readEntireFile leapYear.gs
291 bytes read from leapYear.gs
Go
Go has good support for working with strings as UTF-8, but there is no requirement that strings be UTF-8 and in fact they can hold arbitrary data. ioutil.ReadFile returns the contents of the file unaltered as a byte array. The conversion in the next line from byte array to string also makes no changes to the data. In the example below sv will have an exact copy of the data in the file, without regard to encoding.
import "io/ioutil"
data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
sv := string(data)
Go also supports memory mapped files on OSes with a mmap syscall (e.g. Unix-like). The following prints the contents of "file". (The included "build constraint" prevents this from being compiled on architectures known to lack syscall.Mmap, another source file with the opposite build constraint could use ioutil.ReadFile as above).
// +build !windows,!plan9,!nacl // These lack syscall.Mmap
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"os"
"syscall"
)
func main() {
f, err := os.Open("file")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fi, err := f.Stat()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
data, err := syscall.Mmap(int(f.Fd()), 0, int(fi.Size()),
syscall.PROT_READ, syscall.MAP_PRIVATE)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(string(data))
}
Groovy
def fileContent = new File("c:\\file.txt").text
GUISS
Start,Programs,Accessories,Notepad,Menu:File,Open,Doubleclick:Icon:Notes.TXT,Button:OK
Haskell
In the IO monad:
do text <- readFile filepath
-- do stuff with text
Note that readFile is lazy. If you want to ensure the entire file is read in at once, before any other IO actions are run, try:
eagerReadFile :: FilePath -> IO String
eagerReadFile filepath = do
text <- readFile filepath
last text `seq` return text
=={{header|Icon}} and {{header|Unicon}}== The first code snippet below reads from stdin directly into the string fs, preserving line separators (if any) and reading in large chunks.
every (fs := "") ||:= |reads(1000000)
The second code snippet below performs the same operation using an intermediate list fL and applying a function (e.g. FUNC) to each line. Use this form when you need to perform additional string functions such as 'trim' or 'map' on each line. This avoids unnecessary garbage collections which will occur with larger files. The list can be discarded when done. Line separators are mapped into newlines.
every put(fL := [],|FUNC(read()))
every (fs := "") ||:= !fL || "\n"
fL := &null
Inform 7
File access is sandboxed by the interpreter, so this solution essentially requires that the file have been previously written by an Inform program running from the same location under the same interpreter.
{{works with|Glulx virtual machine}}
Home is a room.
The File of Testing is called "test".
When play begins:
say "[text of the File of Testing]";
end the story.
J
require 'files' NB. not needed for J7 & later
var=: freads 'foo.txt'
To memory map the file:
require 'jmf'
JCHAR map_jmf_ 'var';'foo.txt'
Caution: updating the value of the memory mapped variable will update the file, and this characteristic remains when the variable's value is passed, unmodified, to a verb which modifies its own local variables.
Java
There is no single method to do this in Java 6 and below (probably because reading an entire file at once could fill up your memory quickly), so to do this you could simply append the contents as you read them into a buffer.
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ReadFile {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
String fileContents = readEntireFile("./foo.txt");
}
private static String readEntireFile(String filename) throws IOException {
FileReader in = new FileReader(filename);
StringBuilder contents = new StringBuilder();
char[] buffer = new char[4096];
int read = 0;
do {
contents.append(buffer, 0, read);
read = in.read(buffer);
} while (read >= 0);
in.close();
return contents.toString();
}
}
One can memory-map the file in Java, but there's little to gain if one is to create a String out of the file:
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel.MapMode;
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.File;
public class MMapReadFile {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
MappedByteBuffer buff = getBufferFor(new File(args[0]));
String results = new String(buff.asCharBuffer());
}
public static MappedByteBuffer getBufferFor(File f) throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(f, "r");
MappedByteBuffer buffer = file.getChannel().map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, f.length());
file.close();
return buffer;
}
}
or one can take a shortcut:
String content = new Scanner(new File("foo"), "UTF-8").useDelimiter("\\A").next();
this works because Scanner will search the file for a delimiter and return everything before that. \A is the beginning of the file, which it will never find until the end of the file is reached.
{{works with|Java|7+}}
Java 7 added java.nio.file.Files which has two methods for accomplishing this task: Files.readAllLines and Files.readAllBytes:
import java.util.List;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.file.*;
public class ReadAll {
public static List<String> readAllLines(String filesname){
Path file = Paths.get(filename);
return Files.readAllLines(file, Charset.defaultCharset());
}
public static byte[] readAllBytes(String filename){
Path file = Paths.get(filename);
return Files.readAllBytes(file);
}
}
JavaScript
This works in IExplorer or a standalone js file. Note the similarity to the VBScript code.
var fso=new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");
var f=fso.OpenTextFile("c:\\myfile.txt",1);
var s=f.ReadAll();
f.Close();
try{alert(s)}catch(e){WScript.Echo(s)}
The following works in all browsers, including IE10.
var file = document.getElementById("fileInput").files.item(0); //a file input element
if (file) {
var reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsText(file, "UTF-8");
reader.onload = loadedFile;
reader.onerror = errorHandler;
}
function loadedFile(event) {
var fileString = event.target.result;
alert(fileString);
}
function errorHandler(event) {
alert(event);
}
jq
The . filter will read in a file of raw text, e.g. if the file is named input.txt and we wanted to emit it as a single JSON string:
jq -R -s . input.txt
In practice, this is probably not very useful. It would be more typical to collect the raw lines into an array of JSON strings.
If it is known that the lines are delimited by a single "newline" character, then one could simply pipe from one jq command to another:
jq -R . input.txt | jq -s .
Equivalently:
jq -R -s 'split("\n")' input.txt
Other cases can be similarly handled.
Jsish
var contents = File.read("filename")
From the shell: {{out}}
prompt$ jsish
Jsish interactive: see 'help [cmd]'
# var contents = File.read("README")
variable
# contents
"Jsi is a small javascript interpreter for embedded-C development.
Internally Jsi emulates Tcl. The parser and execution engine originate from quad_wheel,
It is being developed under an MIT license.
"
Julia
The built-in function readstring reads a whole file into a string (assuming UTF8 encoding), or you can also use read to read the content into an array of bytes:
readstring("/devel/myfile.txt") # read file into a string
read("/devel/myfile.txt", filesize("/devel/myfile.txt")) # read file into an array of bytes
Alternatively, there are a variety of ways to memory-map the file, here as an array of bytes:
A = Mmap.mmap(open("/devel/myfile.txt"), Array{UInt8,1})
Kotlin
import java.io.File
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
println(File("unixdict.txt").readText(charset = Charsets.UTF_8))
}
LabVIEW
{{VI snippet}}
[[File:LabVIEW Read entire file.png]]
Lang5
'foo.txt slurp
Lasso
By default, string objects, which are always Unicode, are created with the assumption that the file contains UTF-8 encoded data. This assumption can be changed by settings the file objects’s character encoding value. When reading the data as a bytes object, the unaltered file data is returned.
local(f) = file('foo.txt')
#f->readString</lang >
## LFE
```lisp
(set `#(ok ,data) (file:read_file "myfile.txt"))
Liberty BASIC
filedialog "Open a Text File","*.txt",file$
if file$<>"" then
open file$ for input as #1
entire$ = input$(#1, lof(#1))
close #1
print entire$
end if
Lingo
----------------------------------------
-- Reads whole file, returns string
-- @param {string} tFile
-- @return {string|false}
----------------------------------------
on readFile (tFile)
fp = xtra("fileIO").new()
fp.openFile(tFile, 1)
if fp.status() then return false
res = fp.readFile()
fp.closeFile()
return res
end
LiveCode
Livecode offers 2 ways:
Using URL
put URL "file:///usr/share/dict/words" into tVar
put the number of lines of tVar
Using file open + read + close
local tFile,tLinecount
put "/usr/share/dict/words" into tFile
open file tFile for text read
read from file tFile until EOF
put the number of lines of it -- file contents held in "it" variable
close file tFile
Lua
--If the file opens with no problems, io.open will return a
--handle to the file with methods attached.
--If the file does not exist, io.open will return nil and
--an error message.
--assert will return the handle to the file if present, or
--it will throw an error with the message returned second
--by io.open.
local file = assert(io.open(filename))
--Without wrapping io.open in an assert, local file would be nil,
--which would cause an 'attempt to index a nil value' error when
--calling file:read.
--file:read takes the number of bytes to read, or a string for
--special cases, such as "*a" to read the entire file.
local contents = file:read'*a'
--If the file handle was local to the expression
--(ie. "assert(io.open(filename)):read'a'"),
--the file would remain open until its handle was
--garbage collected.
file:close()
M2000 Interpreter
Module checkit {
\\ prepare a file
\\ Save.Doc and Append.Doc to file, Load.Doc and Merge.Doc from file
document a$
a$={First Line
Second line
Third Line
Ελληνικά Greek Letters
}
Save.Doc a$, "checkthis.txt", 2 ' 2 for UTF-8
Buffer1=Buffer("checkthis.txt")
Print Len(Buffer1)=Filelen("checkthis.txt")
b$=String$(Eval$(Buffer1, 0) as UTF8Dec)
Report b$
openfile$=FILE$("text file","txt")
Merge.doc a$, openfile$
Edit.Doc a$
}
checkit
M4
An approximation to file reading can be had by include() which reads a file as M4 input. If it's inside a define() then the input is captured as a definition. But this is extremely limited since any macro names, parens, commas, quote characters etc in the file will expand and upset the capture.
define(`foo',include(`file.txt'))
defn(`foo')
defn(`foo')
Make
{{works with|GNU make}}
contents := $(shell cat foo.txt)
This is [http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Shell-Function.html from the GNU Make manual]. As noted there, newlines are converted to spaces in the $(contents) variable. This might be acceptable for files which are a list of words anyway.
Maple
First solution:
s1 := readbytes( "file1.txt", infinity, TEXT ):
Second solution:
s2 := FileTools:-Text:-ReadFile( "file2.txt" ):
Mathematica
Import["filename","String"]
=={{header|MATLAB}} / {{header|Octave}}==
fid = fopen('filename','r');
[str,count] = fread(fid, [1,inf], 'uint8=>char'); % s will be a character array, count has the number of bytes
fclose(fid);
Mercury
:- module read_entire_file.
:- interface.
:- import_module io.
:- pred main(io::di, io::uo) is det.
:- implementation.
:- import_module string.
main(!IO) :-
io.open_input("file.txt", OpenResult, !IO),
(
OpenResult = ok(File),
io.read_file_as_string(File, ReadResult, !IO),
(
ReadResult = ok(FileContents),
io.write_string(FileContents, !IO)
;
ReadResult = error(_, IO_Error),
io.stderr_stream(Stderr, !IO),
io.write_string(Stderr, io.error_message(IO_Error) ++ "\n", !IO)
)
;
OpenResult = error(IO_Error),
io.stderr_stream(Stderr, !IO),
io.write_string(Stderr, io.error_message(IO_Error) ++ "\n", !IO)
).
Neko
/**
Read entire file
Tectonics:
nekoc read-entire-file.neko
neko read-entire-file
*/
var file_contents = $loader.loadprim("std@file_contents", 1);
try {
var entire_file = file_contents("read-entire-file.neko");
$print("Read: ", $ssize(entire_file), " bytes\n");
} catch e {
$print("Exception: ", e, "\n");
}
{{out}}
prompt$ nekoc read-entire-file.neko
prompt$ neko read-entire-file.n
Read: 325 bytes
NetRexx
/* NetRexx */
options replace format comments java crossref symbols nobinary
parse arg inFileName .
if inFileName = '' | inFileName = '.' then inFileName = './data/dwarfs.json'
fileContents = slurp(inFileName)
say fileContents
return
-- Slurp a file and return contents as a Rexx string
method slurp(inFileName) public static returns Rexx
slurped = Rexx null
slurpStr = StringBuilder()
ioBuffer = byte[1024]
inBytes = int 0
do
inFile = File(inFileName)
inFileIS = BufferedInputStream(FileInputStream(inFile))
loop label ioLoop until inBytes = -1
slurpStr.append(String(ioBuffer, 0, inBytes))
inBytes = inFileIS.read(ioBuffer)
end ioLoop
catch exFNF = FileNotFoundException
exFNF.printStackTrace
catch exIO = IOException
exIO.printStackTrace
finally
do
inFileIS.close()
catch ex = IOException
ex.printStackTrace
end
end
slurped = Rexx(slurpStr.toString)
return slurped
NewLISP
(read-file "filename")
Microsoft Small Basic
v=File.ReadContents(filename)
Nim
readFile(filename)
Objeck
string := FileReader->ReadFile("in.txt");
=={{header|Objective-C}}==
/*** 0. PREPARATION */
// We need a text file to read; let's redirect a C string to a new file
// using the shell by way of the stdlib system() function.
system ("echo \"Hello, World!\" > ~/HelloRosetta");
/*** 1. THE TASK */
// Instantiate an NSString which describes the filesystem location of
// the file we will be reading.
NSString *filePath = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"HelloRosetta"];
// The selector we're going to use to complete this task,
// stringWithContentsOfFile:encoding:error, has an optional `error'
// parameter which can be used to return information about any
// errors it might run into. It's optional, but we'll create an NSError
// anyways to demonstrate best practice.
NSError *anError;
// And finally, the task: read and store the contents of a file as an
// NSString.
NSString *aString = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:filePath
encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding
error:&anError];
// If the file read was unsuccessful, display the error description.
// Otherwise, display the NSString.
if (!aString) {
NSLog(@"%@", [anError localizedDescription]);
} else {
NSLog(@"%@", aString);
}
OCaml
For most uses we can use this function:
let load_file f =
let ic = open_in f in
let n = in_channel_length ic in
let s = Bytes.create n in
really_input ic s 0 n;
close_in ic;
(s)
We can replace the last line with the one below if we want to return a type string instead of bytes:
(Bytes.unsafe_to_string s)
There is no problem reading an entire file with the function really_input because this function is implemented appropriately with an internal loop, but it can only load files which size is equal or inferior to the maximum length of an ocaml string. This maximum size is available with the variable Sys.max_string_length. On 32 bit machines this size is about 16Mo.
To load bigger files several solutions exist, for example create a structure that contains several strings where the contents of the file can be split. Or another solution that is often used is to use a bigarray of chars instead of a string:
type big_string =
(char, Bigarray.int8_unsigned_elt, Bigarray.c_layout) Bigarray.Array1.t
The function below returns the contents of a file with this type big_string, and it does so with "memory-mapping":
let load_big_file filename =
let fd = Unix.openfile filename [Unix.O_RDONLY] 0o640 in
let len = Unix.lseek fd 0 Unix.SEEK_END in
let _ = Unix.lseek fd 0 Unix.SEEK_SET in
let shared = false in (* modifications are done in memory only *)
let bstr = Bigarray.Array1.map_file fd
Bigarray.char Bigarray.c_layout shared len in
Unix.close fd;
(bstr)
Then the length of the data can be get with Bigarray.Array1.dim instead of String.length, and we can access to a given char with the syntactic sugar bstr.{i} (instead of str.[i]) as shown in the small piece of code below (similar to the cat command):
let () =
let bstr = load_big_file Sys.argv.(1) in
let len = Bigarray.Array1.dim bstr in
for i = 0 to pred len do
let c = bstr.{i} in
print_char c
done
Ol
(define content (bytes->string
(vec-iter
(file->vector "file.txt"))))
(print content)
ooRexx
version 1
file = 'c:\test.txt'
myStream = .stream~new(file)
myString = myStream~charIn(,myStream~chars)
Streams are opened on demand and closed when the script finishes. It is possible if you wish to open and close the streams explicitly
file = 'c:\test.txt'
myStream = .stream~new(file)
if mystream~open('read') = 'READY:'
then do
myString = myStream~charIn(,myStream~chars)
myStream~close
end
version 2 EXECIO
One can also use EXECIO as it is known from VM/CMS and MVS/TSO:
address hostemu 'execio * diskr "./st.in" (finis stem in.'
Say in.0 'lines in file st.in'
v=''
Do i=1 To in.0
Say i '>'in.i'<'
v=v||in.i
End
say 'v='v
::requires "hostemu" LIBRARY
{{out}}
E:\>rexx ref
6 lines in file st.in
1 >address hostemu 'execio * diskr "./st.in" (finis stem in.'<
2 >Say in.0<
3 >Do i=1 To in.0<
4 > Say i '>'in.i'<'<
5 > End<
6 >::requires "hostemu" LIBRARY<
v=address hostemu 'execio * diskr "./st.in" (finis stem in.'Say in.0Do i=1 To in
.0 Say i '>'in.i'<' End::requires "hostemu" LIBRARY
OxygenBasic
Two Formats:
string s
'AS FUNCTION
s=GetFile "t.txt"
'AS PROCEDURE
Getfile "t.txt",s
Oz
The interface for file operations is object-oriented.
declare
FileHandle = {New Open.file init(name:"test.txt")}
FileContents = {FileHandle read(size:all list:$)}
in
{FileHandle close}
{System.printInfo FileContents}
FileContents is a list of bytes. The operation does not assume any particular encoding.
PARI/GP
The GP interpreter's ability to read files is extremely limited; reading an entire file is almost all that it can do. The C code PARI library is not similarly limited.
readstr() returns a vector of strings which are the file lines, without newlines. They can be concatenated to make a single string.
str = concat(apply(s->concat(s,"\n"), readstr("file.txt")))
Since readstr() returns strings without newlines there's no way to tell whether the last line had a newline or not. This is fine for its intended use on text files, but not good for reading binary files.
Panda
It returns a unicode string of type 'text'.
## Pascal
See TStrignList example of [[Read_entire_file#Delphi | Delphi]]
## Perl
The modern recommended way, is using one of these CPAN modules:
*
```perl
use File::Slurper 'read_text';
my $text = read_text($filename, $data);
use Path::Tiny;
my $text = path($filename)->slurp_utf8;
use IO::All;
$text = io($filename)->utf8->all;
Traditional ways, without CPAN modules:
open my $fh, '<:encoding(UTF-8)', $filename or die "Could not open '$filename': $!";
my $text;
read $fh, $text, -s $filename;
close $fh;
my $text;
{
local $/ = undef;
open my $fh, '<:encoding(UTF-8)', $filename or die "Could not open '$filename': $!";
$text = <$fh>;
close $fh;
}
my $text = do { local( @ARGV, $/ ) = ( $filename ); <> };
For a one-liner from shell, use -0[code]. It normally specifies the oct char code of record separator ($/), so for example perl -n -040 would read chunks of text ending at each space ($/ = ' '). However, -0777 has special meaning: $/ = undef, so the whole file is read in at once (chr 0777 happens to be "ǿ", but Larry doesn't think one should use that as record separator).
perl -n -0777 -e 'print "file len: ".length' stuff.txt
===Memory-mapping===
use File::Map 'map_file';
map_file(my $str, "foo.txt");
print $str;
use Sys::Mmap;
Sys::Mmap->new(my $str, 0, 'foo.txt')
or die "Cannot Sys::Mmap->new: $!";
print $str;
File::Map has the advantage of not requiring an explicit munmap(). Its tie is faster than the tie form of Sys::Mmap too.
Perl 6
{{works with|Rakudo|2010.07}}
my $string = slurp 'sample.txt';
The default encoding is UTF-8. The :enc adverb can be used to specify a different one:
my $string = slurp 'sample.txt', :enc<UTF-16>;
IO::Path objects also provide slurp as a method:
my $string = 'sample.txt'.IO.slurp;
Phix
constant fn = open(command_line()[2],"rb")
?get_text(fn)
close(fn)
{} = wait_key()
{{out}}
"constant fn = open(command_line()[2],\"rb\")\r\n?get_text(fn)\r\nclose(fn)\r\n{} = wait_key()\r\n"
The value returned by get_text is actually a string containing raw binary data (no \r\n -> \n substitution, even if the file is opened in text mode) and is not limited to text files.
There is no builtin method for handling different encodings, but demo\edita handles all such files with ease, including the nifty little encoding drop-down on the open/close dialog.
PHP
Read as string
file_get_contents($filename)
Read as array, one element per line
file($filename)
PicoLisp
Using '[http://software-lab.de/doc/refT.html#till till]' is the shortest way:
(in "file" (till NIL T))
To read the file into a list of characters:
(in "file" (till NIL))
or, more explicit:
(in "file" (make (while (char) (link @))))
Encoding is always assumed to be UTF-8.
Pike
string content=Stdio.File("foo.txt")->read();
PL/I
get file (in) edit ((substr(s, i, 1) do i = 1 to 32767)) (a);
PowerShell
Get-Content foo.txt
This will only detect Unicode correctly with a BOM in place (even for UTF-8). With explicit selection of encoding:
Get-Content foo.txt -Encoding UTF8
However, both return an array of strings which is fine for pipeline use but if a single string is desired the array needs to be joined:
(Get-Content foo.txt) -join "`n"
PureBasic
A file can be read with any of the built in commands
Number.b = ReadByte(#File)
Length.i = ReadData(#File, *MemoryBuffer, LengthToRead)
Number.c = ReadCharacter(#File)
Number.d = ReadDouble(#File)
Number.f = ReadFloat(#File)
Number.i = ReadInteger(#File)
Number.l = ReadLong(#File)
Number.q = ReadQuad(#File)
Text$ = ReadString(#File [, Flags])
Number.w = ReadWord(#File)
If the file is s pure text file (no CR/LF etc.), this will work and will read each line untill EOL is found.
If ReadFile(0, "RC.txt")
Variable$=ReadString(0)
CloseFile(0)
EndIf
Since PureBasic terminates strings with a #NULL and also split the ReadString() is encountering new line chars, any file containing these must be treated as a data stream.
Title$="Select a file"
Pattern$="Text (.txt)|*.txt|All files (*.*)|*.*"
fileName$ = OpenFileRequester(Title$,"",Pattern$,0)
If fileName$
If ReadFile(0, fileName$)
length = Lof(0)
*MemoryID = AllocateMemory(length)
If *MemoryID
bytes = ReadData(0, *MemoryID, length)
MessageRequester("Info",Str(bytes)+" was read")
EndIf
CloseFile(0)
EndIf
EndIf
Python
open(filename).read()
This returns a byte string and does not assume any particular encoding.
In Python 3 strings are in unicode, you can specify encoding when reading:
open(filename, encoding='utf-8').read()
Python docs recommend dealing with files using the with statement:
with open(filename) as f:
data = f.read()
Q
q)file:read0`:file.txt
"First line of file"
"Second line of file"
""
R
fname <- "notes.txt"
contents <- readChar(fname, file.info(fname)$size)
Racket
(file->string "foo.txt")
Raven
'myfile.txt' read as $content_as_string
or
'file://r:/home/me/myfile.txt' open as $handle
$handle read as $content_as_string
$handle close
REALbasic
This function accepts a file (FolderItem object) and an optional TextEncoding class. If the TextEncoding is not defined, then REALbasic defaults to UTF-8. Since it is intended for cross-platform development, REALbasic has a number of built-in tools for working with different text encodings, line terminators, etc. [http://docs.realsoftware.com/index.php/TextEncoding]
Function readFile(theFile As FolderItem, txtEncode As TextEncoding = Nil) As String
Dim fileContents As String
Dim tis As TextInputStream
tis = tis.Open(theFile)
fileContents = tis.ReadAll(txtEncode)
tis.Close
Return fileContents
Exception err As NilObjectException
MsgBox("File Not Found.")
End Function
REBOL
read %my-file ; read as text
read/binary %my-file ; preserve contents exactly
Retro
here 'input.txt file:slurp
REXX
using LINEIN
/*REXX program reads an entire file line-by-line and stores it as a continuous string.*/
parse arg iFID . /*obtain optional argument from the CL.*/
if iFID=='' then iFID= 'a_file' /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/
$= /*a string of file's contents (so far).*/
do while lines(iFID)\==0 /*read the file's lines until finished.*/
$=$ || linein(iFID) /*append a (file's) line to the string,*/
end /*while*/ /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
using CHARIN
Note that CRLF are in the resulting string.
{{out}}
```txt
E:\>rexx refc
v=line 1 of 3
line 2 of 3
line 3 of 3
length(v)=39
Ring
# Read the file
cStr = read("myfile.txt")
# print the file content
See cStr
Also in one line we can read and print the file content.
cStr = read("myfile.txt") See cStr
We can avoid the string, but it's required in the task.
See read("myfile.txt")
Ruby
IO.read is for text files. It uses the default text encodings, and on Microsoft Windows, it also converts "\r\n" to "\n".
# Read entire text file.
str = IO.read "foobar.txt"
# It can also read a subprocess.
str = IO.read "| grep ftp /etc/services"
''Caution!'' IO.read and File.read take a portname. To open an arbitrary path (which might start with "|"), you must use File.open, then IO#read.
path = "|strange-name.txt"
str = File.open(path) {|f| f.read}
To read a binary file, open it in binary mode.
# Read entire binary file.
str = File.open(path, "rb") {|f| f.read}
Ruby 1.9 can read text files in different encodings.
{{works with|Ruby|1.9}}
# Read EUC-JP text from file.
str = File.open(path, "r:euc-jp") {|f| f.read}
# Read EUC-JP text from file; transcode text from EUC-JP to UTF-8.
str = File.open(path, "r:euc-jp:utf-8") {|f| f.read}
Run BASIC
open DefaultDir$ + "/public/test.txt" for binary as #f
fileLen = LOF(#f)
a$ = input$(#f, fileLen)
print a$
close #f
Rust
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::Read;
fn main() {
let mut file = File::open("somefile.txt").unwrap();
let mut contents: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
// Returns amount of bytes read and append the result to the buffer
let result = file.read_to_end(&mut contents).unwrap();
println!("Read {} bytes", result);
// To print the contents of the file
let filestr = String::from_utf8(contents).unwrap();
println!("{}", filestr);
}
Scala
{{libheader|Scala}}
object TextFileSlurper extends App {
val fileLines =
try scala.io.Source.fromFile("my_file.txt", "UTF-8").mkString catch {
case e: java.io.FileNotFoundException => e.getLocalizedMessage()
}
}
Scheme
Uses SRFI-13:
(with-input-from-file "foo.txt"
(lambda ()
(reverse-list->string
(let loop ((char (read-char))
(result '()))
(if (eof-object? char)
result
(loop (read-char) (cons char result)))))))
Works with Chicken Scheme:
(with-input-from-file "foo.txt" read-string)
Seed7
The library [http://seed7.sourceforge.net/libraries/getf.htm getf.s7i] defines the function [http://seed7.sourceforge.net/libraries/getf.htm#getf%28in_string%29 getf], which reads a whole file into a string:
$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
include "getf.s7i";
const proc: main is func
local
var string: fileContent is "";
begin
fileContent := getf("text.txt");
end func;
Sidef
Reading an entire file as a string, can be achieved with the '''FileHandle.slurp()''' method, as illustrated bellow:
var file = File.new(__FILE__);
var content = file.open_r.slurp;
print content;
Starting with version 2.30, ''File.read()'' can do the same:
var file = File(__FILE__)
var content = file.read(:utf8)
print content
Smalltalk
{{works with|Pharo}}
(StandardFileStream oldFileNamed: 'foo.txt') contents
{{works with|Smalltalk/X}}
'foo.txt' asFilename contentsAsString
SNOBOL4
In SNOBOL4, file I/O is done by associating a variable with the desired file, via the input() built-in function. After the association, each reference to the named variable provides as the variable's value the next block or line of data from the corresponding file. The exact format of the input() function parameters tends to vary based on the implementation in use. In this example, the code reads the file in blocks of 512k bytes (or less) until the entire file has been read into one long string in memory.
input(.inbin,21,"filename.txt [-r524288]") :f(end)
rdlp buf = inbin :s(rdlp)
*
* now process the 'buf' containing the file
*
end
Sparkling
let contents = readfile("foo.txt");
SPL
text = #.readtext("filename.txt")
Stata
It's possible to get the entire content as an array of lines with '''[http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?mf_cat cat]'''. However, here we want a single string. See '''[http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?mf_fopen fopen]''' and related functions.
mata
f = fopen("somedata.txt", "r")
fseek(f, 0, 1)
n = ftell(f)
fseek(f, 0, -1)
s = fread(f, n)
fclose(f)
end
Swift
import Foundation
let path = "~/input.txt".stringByExpandingTildeInPath
if let string = String(contentsOfFile: path, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding) {
println(string) // print contents of file
}
Tcl
This reads the data in as text, applying the default encoding translations.
set f [open $filename]
set data [read $f]
close $f
To read the data in as uninterpreted bytes, either use fconfigure to put the handle into binary mode before reading, or (from Tcl 8.5 onwards) do this:
set f [open $filename "rb"]
set data [read $f]
close $f
TUSCRIPT
$$ MODE TUSCRIPT
ERROR/STOP OPEN ("rosetta.txt",READ,-std-)
var=FILE ("rosetta.txt")
TXR
@(next "foo.txt")
@(freeform)
@LINE
The freeform directive in TXR causes the remaining lines of the text stream to be treated as one big line, catenated together. The default line terminator is the newline "\n". This lets the entire input be captured into a single variable as a whole-line match.
UNIX Shell
We start a 'cat' process to read the entire file, and use '$(...)' to grab the output of 'cat'. We use 'printf' which might be more portable than 'echo'. Because '$(...)' can chop off a newline at the end of the file, we tell 'printf' to add an extra newline.
f=`cat foo.txt` # f will contain the entire contents of the file
printf '%s\n' "$f"
f=$(cat foo.txt)
printf '%s\n' "$f"
Some shells provide a shortcut to read a file without starting a 'cat' process.
{{works with|bash}} {{works with|pdksh}}
f=$(<foo.txt)
echo -E "$f"
{{works with|zsh}}
file=$(<foo.txt)
print $file
alternatively
zmodload zsh/mapfile
print $mapfile[foo.txt]
Ursa
decl string contents
decl file f
f.open "filename.txt"
set contents (f.readall)
Vala
string file_contents;
FileUtils.get_contents("foo.txt", out file_contents);
VBScript
Read text file with default encoding into variable and display
dim s
s = createobject("scripting.filesystemobject").opentextfile("slurp.vbs",1).readall
wscript.echo s
Read text file with UTF-16 encoding into memory and display
wscript.echo createobject("scripting.filesystemobject").opentextfile("utf16encoded.txt",1,-1).readall
Vedit macro language
In Vedit Macro Language, a "string variable" can be either an edit buffer or a text register.
Text registers can hold only a limited amount of data (about 120 KB each in current version).
Edit buffers can handle files of unlimited size (even larger than the size of virtual memory). For large files, only a part of the file is kept in memory, but from users point of view there is no practical difference to having the whole file in memory.
Read file into edit buffer. The buffer is allocated automatically:
File_Open("example.txt")
Read file into text register 10:
Reg_Load(10, "example.txt")
Visual Basic
{{works with|Visual Basic|5}} {{works with|Visual Basic|6}}
Declare Function MultiByteToWideChar Lib "kernel32.dll" ( _
ByVal CodePage As Long, _
ByVal dwFlags As Long, _
ByVal lpMultiByteStr As Long, _
ByVal cchMultiByte As Long, _
ByVal lpWideCharStr As Long, _
ByVal cchWideChar As Long) As Long
Const CP_UTF8 As Long = 65001
Sub Main()
Dim fn As Integer
Dim i As Long
Dim b() As Byte
Dim s As String
fn = FreeFile()
Open "c:\test.txt" For Binary Access Read As #fn
ReDim b(0 To (LOF(fn) - 1))
Get #fn, 1, b()
If b(0) = &HFF And b(1) = &HFE Then
'UTF-16, little-endian
ReDim b(0 To (LOF(fn) - 3))
Get #fn, 3, b()
s = b()
ElseIf b(0) = &HEF And b(1) = &HBB And b(2) = &HBF Then
'UTF-8
i = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0&, VarPtr(b(3)), LOF(fn) - 3, StrPtr(s), 0)
s = Space$(i)
i = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0&, VarPtr(b(3)), LOF(fn) - 3, StrPtr(s), Len(s))
Else
'assume ANSI
s = StrConv(b(), vbUnicode)
End If
Close #fn
Debug.Print s
End Sub
Visual Basic .NET
Imports System.IO
Public Class Form1
' Read all of the lines of a file.
' Function assumes that the file exists.
Private Sub ReadLines(ByVal FileName As String)
Dim oReader As New StreamReader(FileName)
Dim sLine As String = oReader.ReadToEnd()
oReader.Close()
End Sub
End Class
Wart
with infile "x"
with outstring
whilet line (read_line)
prn line
XPL0
This example reads its own source code file and displays it as a string. The command line is: readfile <readfile.xpl
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations
string 0; \use zero-terminated string convention
int I;
char Str;
[Str:= GetHp; \starting address of block of local "heap" memory
I:= 0; \ [does the exact same thing as Reserve(0)]
loop [Str(I):= ChIn(1);
if Str(I) = $1A\EOF\ then [Str(I):= 0; quit];
I:= I+1;
];
SetHp(Str+I+1); \set heap pointer beyond Str (not really needed here)
Text(0, Str); \show file as a string
]
{{Out}}
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations
string 0; \use zero-terminated string convention
int I;
char Str;
[Str:= GetHp; \starting address of block of local "heap" memory
I:= 0; \ [does the exact same thing as Reserve(0)]
loop [Str(I):= ChIn(1);
if Str(I) = $1A\EOF\ then [Str(I):= 0; quit];
I:= I+1;
];
SetHp(Str+I+1); \set heap pointer beyond Str (not really needed here)
Text(0, Str); \show file as a string
]
Xtend
package com.rosetta.example
import java.io.File
import java.io.PrintStream
class ReadFile {
def static main( String ... args ) {
val content = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("file.txt")))
}
}
Yorick
This loads foo.txt into ''lines'' as an array of strings. Each array element is one line. Each line's trailing newline is removed.
lines = rdfile("foo.txt");
This loads foo.txt into ''content'' as a single scalar string, without losing newlines.
f = open("foo.txt", "rb");
raw = array(char, sizeof(f));
_read, f, 0, raw;
close, f;
content = strchar(raw);
zkl
data := File("foo.txt","r").read()
The file parameters are the same as C's