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{{draft task|Classic CS problems and programs}}
The [[wp:Sattolo's algorithm|Sattolo cycle]] is an algorithm for randomly shuffling an array in such a way that each element ends up in a new position.
{{task heading}}
Implement the Sattolo cycle for an integer array (or, if possible, an array of any type).
{{task heading|Specification}}
Given an array '''''items''''' with indices ranging from ''0'' to '''''last''''', the algorithm can be defined as follows (pseudo-code):
'''for''' ''i'' '''from''' ''last'' '''downto''' 1 '''do''': '''let''' ''j'' = random integer in range ''0'' ''j'' < ''i'' '''swap''' ''items''[''i''] '''with''' ''items''[''j'']
Notes:
- It modifies the input array in-place. If that is unreasonable in your programming language, you may amend the algorithm to return the shuffled items as a new array instead.
- The algorithm can also be amended to iterate from left to right, if that is more convenient.
- The only difference between this and the Knuth shuffle, is that is chosen from the range ''0'' ''j'' < ''i'', rather than ''0'' ''j'' ''i''. This is what ensures that every element ends up in a new position, as long as there are at least two elements.
{{task heading|Test cases}}
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Input array ! Possible output arrays |- | []
| [] |
|---|
| [10] |
| [10] |
| - |
| [10, 20] |
| [20, 10] |
| - |
| [10, 20, 30] |
| [20, 30, 10] |
| [30, 10, 20] |
| - |
| [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22] |
| ''39,916,800 possibilities. You'll know you have a correct one if it has the same elements as the input array, but none in their original place.'' |
| } |
{{task heading|Related tasks}}
- [[Knuth shuffle]]
ARM Assembly
{{works with|as|Raspberry Pi}}
/* ARM assembly Raspberry PI */
/* program sattolo.s */
/************************************/
/* Constantes */
/************************************/
.equ STDOUT, 1 @ Linux output console
.equ EXIT, 1 @ Linux syscall
.equ WRITE, 4 @ Linux syscall
/*********************************/
/* Initialized data */
/*********************************/
.data
sMessResult: .ascii "Value : "
sMessValeur: .fill 11, 1, ' ' @ size => 11
szCarriageReturn: .asciz "\n"
.align 4
iGraine: .int 123456
.equ NBELEMENTS, 9
TableNumber: .int 4,6,7,10,11,15,22,30,35
/*********************************/
/* UnInitialized data */
/*********************************/
.bss
/*********************************/
/* code section */
/*********************************/
.text
.global main
main: @ entry of program
ldr r0,iAdrTableNumber @ address number table
mov r1,#NBELEMENTS @ number of élements
bl satShuffle
ldr r2,iAdrTableNumber
mov r3,#0
1: @ loop display table
ldr r0,[r2,r3,lsl #2]
ldr r1,iAdrsMessValeur @ display value
bl conversion10 @ call function
ldr r0,iAdrsMessResult
bl affichageMess @ display message
add r3,#1
cmp r3,#NBELEMENTS - 1
ble 1b
ldr r0,iAdrszCarriageReturn
bl affichageMess
/* 2e shuffle */
ldr r0,iAdrTableNumber @ address number table
mov r1,#NBELEMENTS @ number of élements
bl satShuffle
ldr r2,iAdrTableNumber
mov r3,#0
2: @ loop display table
ldr r0,[r2,r3,lsl #2]
ldr r1,iAdrsMessValeur @ display value
bl conversion10 @ call function
ldr r0,iAdrsMessResult
bl affichageMess @ display message
add r3,#1
cmp r3,#NBELEMENTS - 1
ble 2b
100: @ standard end of the program
mov r0, #0 @ return code
mov r7, #EXIT @ request to exit program
svc #0 @ perform the system call
iAdrsMessValeur: .int sMessValeur
iAdrszCarriageReturn: .int szCarriageReturn
iAdrsMessResult: .int sMessResult
iAdrTableNumber: .int TableNumber
/******************************************************************/
/* Sattolo Shuffle */
/******************************************************************/
/* r0 contains the address of table */
/* r1 contains the number of elements */
satShuffle:
push {r2-r6,lr} @ save registers
mov r5,r0 @ save table address
mov r2,#1 @ start index
mov r4,r1 @ last index + 1
1:
sub r1,r2,#1 @ index - 1
mov r0,r1 @ generate aleas
bl genereraleas
ldr r3,[r5,r1,lsl #2] @ swap number on the table
ldr r6,[r5,r0,lsl #2]
str r6,[r5,r1,lsl #2]
str r3,[r5,r0,lsl #2]
add r2,#1 @ next number
cmp r2,r4 @ end ?
ble 1b @ no -> loop
100:
pop {r2-r6,lr}
bx lr @ return
/******************************************************************/
/* display text with size calculation */
/******************************************************************/
/* r0 contains the address of the message */
affichageMess:
push {r0,r1,r2,r7,lr} @ save registres
mov r2,#0 @ counter length
1: @ loop length calculation
ldrb r1,[r0,r2] @ read octet start position + index
cmp r1,#0 @ if 0 its over
addne r2,r2,#1 @ else add 1 in the length
bne 1b @ and loop
@ so here r2 contains the length of the message
mov r1,r0 @ address message in r1
mov r0,#STDOUT @ code to write to the standard output Linux
mov r7, #WRITE @ code call system "write"
svc #0 @ call systeme
pop {r0,r1,r2,r7,lr} @ restaur des 2 registres */
bx lr @ return
/******************************************************************/
/* Converting a register to a decimal unsigned */
/******************************************************************/
/* r0 contains value and r1 address area */
/* r0 return size of result (no zero final in area) */
/* area size => 11 bytes */
.equ LGZONECAL, 10
conversion10:
push {r1-r4,lr} @ save registers
mov r3,r1
mov r2,#LGZONECAL
1: @ start loop
bl divisionpar10U @unsigned r0 <- dividende. quotient ->r0 reste -> r1
add r1,#48 @ digit
strb r1,[r3,r2] @ store digit on area
cmp r0,#0 @ stop if quotient = 0
subne r2,#1 @ else previous position
bne 1b @ and loop
@ and move digit from left of area
mov r4,#0
2:
ldrb r1,[r3,r2]
strb r1,[r3,r4]
add r2,#1
add r4,#1
cmp r2,#LGZONECAL
ble 2b
@ and move spaces in end on area
mov r0,r4 @ result length
mov r1,#' ' @ space
3:
strb r1,[r3,r4] @ store space in area
add r4,#1 @ next position
cmp r4,#LGZONECAL
ble 3b @ loop if r4 <= area size
100:
pop {r1-r4,lr} @ restaur registres
bx lr @return
/***************************************************/
/* division par 10 unsigned */
/***************************************************/
/* r0 dividende */
/* r0 quotient */
/* r1 remainder */
divisionpar10U:
push {r2,r3,r4, lr}
mov r4,r0 @ save value
//mov r3,#0xCCCD @ r3 <- magic_number lower raspberry 3
//movt r3,#0xCCCC @ r3 <- magic_number higter raspberry 3
ldr r3,iMagicNumber @ r3 <- magic_number raspberry 1 2
umull r1, r2, r3, r0 @ r1<- Lower32Bits(r1*r0) r2<- Upper32Bits(r1*r0)
mov r0, r2, LSR #3 @ r2 <- r2 >> shift 3
add r2,r0,r0, lsl #2 @ r2 <- r0 * 5
sub r1,r4,r2, lsl #1 @ r1 <- r4 - (r2 * 2) = r4 - (r0 * 10)
pop {r2,r3,r4,lr}
bx lr @ leave function
iMagicNumber: .int 0xCCCCCCCD
/***************************************************/
/* Generation random number */
/***************************************************/
/* r0 contains limit */
genereraleas:
push {r1-r4,lr} @ save registers
ldr r4,iAdriGraine
ldr r2,[r4]
ldr r3,iNbDep1
mul r2,r3,r2
ldr r3,iNbDep1
add r2,r2,r3
str r2,[r4] @ maj de la graine pour l appel suivant
cmp r0,#0
beq 100f
mov r1,r0 @ divisor
mov r0,r2 @ dividende
bl division
mov r0,r3 @ résult = remainder
100: @ end function
pop {r1-r4,lr} @ restaur registers
bx lr @ return
/*****************************************************/
iAdriGraine: .int iGraine
iNbDep1: .int 0x343FD
iNbDep2: .int 0x269EC3
/***************************************************/
/* integer division unsigned */
/***************************************************/
division:
/* r0 contains dividend */
/* r1 contains divisor */
/* r2 returns quotient */
/* r3 returns remainder */
push {r4, lr}
mov r2, #0 @ init quotient
mov r3, #0 @ init remainder
mov r4, #32 @ init counter bits
b 2f
1: @ loop
movs r0, r0, LSL #1 @ r0 <- r0 << 1 updating cpsr (sets C if 31st bit of r0 was 1)
adc r3, r3, r3 @ r3 <- r3 + r3 + C. This is equivalent to r3 ? (r3 << 1) + C
cmp r3, r1 @ compute r3 - r1 and update cpsr
subhs r3, r3, r1 @ if r3 >= r1 (C=1) then r3 <- r3 - r1
adc r2, r2, r2 @ r2 <- r2 + r2 + C. This is equivalent to r2 <- (r2 << 1) + C
2:
subs r4, r4, #1 @ r4 <- r4 - 1
bpl 1b @ if r4 >= 0 (N=0) then loop
pop {r4, lr}
bx lr
C
This is generic to the extreme, although the function is technically being fed strings, it can handle any type, as shown in the outputs below :
Interactive and without hardcoded inputs
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
void sattoloCycle(void** arr,int count){
int i,j;
void* temp;
if(count<2)
return;
for(i=count-1;i>=1;i--){
j = rand()%i;
temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
}
}
int main(int argC,char* argV[])
{
int i;
if(argC==1)
printf("Usage : %s <array elements separated by a space each>",argV[0]);
else{
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
sattoloCycle((void*)(argV + 1),argC-1);
for(i=1;i<argC;i++)
printf("%s ",argV[i]);
}
return 0;
}
Output:
C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe ""
C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe 10
10
C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe 10 20
20 10
C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe 10 20 30
30 10 20
C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
16 17 11 12 13 20 22 14 15 21 18 19
C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe s a t t o l o C y c l e
l o s a t c e t o l C y
C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe 1 2.3 4.2 1 3 e r q t 2 1 oo 2.1 eds
1 2.1 2.3 q r eds 1 e 3 t 1 2 oo 4.2
C:\rosettaCode>sattoloCycle.exe totally mixed up random string ( 1 2.3 2 ) which will get even more { a 2 q.1 } mixed up.
mixed q.1 a 1 up ) 2 even { will ( } 2 more totally random get which string up. 2.3 mixed
Non Interactive and with hardcoded inputs
Same code but with hardcoded integer arrays as in the task to show that the function can handle any type.
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
void sattoloCycle(void** arr,int count){
int i,j;
void* temp;
if(count<2)
return;
for(i=count-1;i>=1;i--){
j = rand()%i;
temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
}
}
int main()
{
int i;
int a[] = {};
int b[] = {10};
int c[] = {10, 20};
int d[] = {10, 20, 30};
int e[] = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22};
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
sattoloCycle((void*)a,0);
printf("\nShuffled a = ");
for(i=0;i<0;i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]);
sattoloCycle((void*)b,1);
printf("\nShuffled b = ");
for(i=0;i<1;i++)
printf("%d ",b[i]);
sattoloCycle((void*)c,2);
printf("\nShuffled c = ");
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
printf("%d ",c[i]);
sattoloCycle((void*)d,3);
printf("\nShuffled d = ");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
printf("%d ",d[i]);
sattoloCycle((void*)e,12);
printf("\nShuffled e = ");
for(i=0;i<12;i++)
printf("%d ",e[i]);
return 0;
}
Output:
Shuffled a =
Shuffled b = 10
Shuffled c = 20 10
Shuffled d = 20 30 10
Shuffled e = 13 18 14 20 17 15 21 19 16 12 22 11
C++
#include <ctime>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
class cycle{
public:
template <class T>
void cy( T* a, int len ) {
int i, j;
show( "original: ", a, len );
std::srand( unsigned( time( 0 ) ) );
for( int i = len - 1; i > 0; i-- ) {
do {
j = std::rand() % i;
} while( j >= i );
std::swap( a[i], a[j] );
}
show( " cycled: ", a, len ); std::cout << "\n";
}
private:
template <class T>
void show( std::string s, T* a, int len ) {
std::cout << s;
for( int i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
std::cout << a[i] << " ";
}
std::cout << "\n";
}
};
int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
std::string d0[] = { "" },
d1[] = { "10" },
d2[] = { "10", "20" };
int d3[] = { 10, 20, 30 },
d4[] = { 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 };
cycle c;
c.cy( d0, sizeof( d0 ) / sizeof( d0[0] ) );
c.cy( d1, sizeof( d1 ) / sizeof( d1[0] ) );
c.cy( d2, sizeof( d2 ) / sizeof( d2[0] ) );
c.cy( d3, sizeof( d3 ) / sizeof( d3[0] ) );
c.cy( d4, sizeof( d4 ) / sizeof( d4[0] ) );
return 0;
}
{{out}}
original:
cycled:
original: 10
cycled: 10
original: 10 20
cycled: 20 10
original: 10 20 30
cycled: 30 10 20
original: 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
cycled: 13 17 14 22 11 18 20 12 21 19 15 16
C#
private static readonly Random Rand = new Random();
void sattoloCycle<T>(IList<T> items) {
for (var i = items.Count; i-- > 1;) {
int j = Rand.Next(i);
var tmp = items[i];
items[i] = items[j];
items[j] = tmp;
}
}
D
import std.stdio;
void main() {
auto items = [0,1,2,3,4,5];
sattoloCycle(items);
items.writeln;
}
/// The Sattolo cycle is an algorithm for randomly shuffling an array in such a way that each element ends up in a new position.
void sattoloCycle(R)(R items) {
import std.algorithm : swapAt;
import std.random : uniform;
for (int i=items.length; i-- > 1;) {
int j = uniform(0, i);
items.swapAt(i, j);
}
}
unittest {
import std.range : lockstep;
auto o = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'];
auto s = o.dup;
sattoloCycle(s);
foreach (a, b; lockstep(o, s)) {
assert(a != b, "An element stayed in place unexpectedly.");
}
}
{{out}} Several runs shown
[2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 0]
[3, 0, 4, 5, 1, 2]
[3, 5, 4, 1, 0, 2]
[5, 4, 3, 0, 2, 1]
Factor
USING: arrays io kernel literals math math.ranges prettyprint
random sequences ;
IN: rosetta-code.sattolo-cycle
: (sattolo) ( seq -- seq' )
dup dup length 1 - 1 [a,b]
[ dup iota random rot exchange ] with each ;
: sattolo ( seq -- seq/seq' )
dup length 1 > [ (sattolo) ] when ;
{
{ }
{ 10 }
{ 10 20 }
{ 10 20 30 }
$[ 11 22 [a,b] >array ]
}
[
[ "original: " write . ]
[ "cycled: " write sattolo . ] bi nl
] each
{{out}}
original: { }
cycled: { }
original: { 10 }
cycled: { 10 }
original: { 10 20 }
cycled: { 20 10 }
original: { 10 20 30 }
cycled: { 30 10 20 }
original: { 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 }
cycled: { 16 19 20 13 17 18 22 14 21 15 11 12 }
Free Pascal
program sattolocycle;
{$ifdef fpc}{$mode delphi}{$endif}
uses math;
var
a:Array of cardinal;
i,j:integer;
t:cardinal;
begin
randomize;
a:=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19];
i := length(a);
while i > 0 do
begin
dec(i);
j :=randomrange(Low(a),i);
t:=a[i];a[i]:=a[j];a[j]:=t;
write(a[i]:4);
end;
end.
Output in Free Pascal:
2 14 12 13 0 1 15 9 7 6 3 18 10 4 16 5 19 8 11 17
Note output in Delphi differs because of different PRNG algorithms
FreeBASIC
' version 22-10-2016
' compile with: fbc -s console
' for boundry checks on array's compile with: fbc -s console -exx
' sort from lower bound to the highter bound
' array's can have subscript range from -2147483648 to +2147483647
Sub sattolo_cycle(a() As Long)
Dim As Long lb = LBound(a)
Dim As ULong n = UBound(a) - lb +1
Dim As ULong i, j
Randomize Timer
For i = n -1 To 1 Step -1
j =Fix(Rnd * (i)) ' 0 <= j < i
Swap a(lb + i), a(lb + j)
Next
End Sub
' ------=< MAIN >=------
Dim As Long i, array(1 To 52)
For i = 1 To 52 : array(i) = i : Next
Print "Starting array from 1 to 52"
For i = 1 To 52
Print Using " ###";array(i);
Next : Print : Print
sattolo_cycle(array())
Print "After Sattolo_Cycle"
For i = 1 To 52
Print Using " ###";array(i);
Next : Print : Print
' empty keyboard buffer
While InKey <> "" : Wend
Print : Print "hit any key to end program"
Sleep
End
{{out}}
Starting array from 1 to 52
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
After Sattolo_Cycle
40 48 7 25 32 17 44 4 8 13 18 47 5 29 10 20 49 39 11 51 3 21 46 2 38 16 28 37 12 50 1 9 52 19 22 30 36 27 45 15 24 23 33 41 14 31 43 26 35 34 42 6
Go
package main
import (
"math/rand"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
list := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
for i := 1; i <= 10; i++ {
sattoloCycle(list)
fmt.Println(list)
}
}
func sattoloCycle(list []int) {
for x := len(list) -1; x > 0; x-- {
j := rand.Intn(x)
list[x], list[j] = list[j], list[x]
}
}
{{out}}
[4 5 1 7 3 9 10 2 8 6]
[7 9 5 1 2 3 4 8 6 10]
[2 3 9 4 6 8 7 1 10 5]
[6 2 10 1 8 4 5 9 7 3]
[8 3 7 2 10 1 6 4 9 5]
[7 5 1 4 9 2 3 10 6 8]
[6 8 3 10 2 4 7 1 5 9]
[1 6 8 7 9 5 4 2 3 10]
[9 5 10 6 2 8 1 7 4 3]
[7 3 1 10 4 2 8 6 5 9]
Haskell
import Control.Monad ((>=>), (>>=), forM_)
import Control.Monad.Primitive
import qualified Data.Vector as V
import qualified Data.Vector.Mutable as M
import System.Random.MWC
type MutVec m a = M.MVector (PrimState m) a
-- Perform an in-place shuffle of the vector, making it a single random cyclic
-- permutation of its initial value. The vector is also returned for
-- convenience.
cyclicPermM :: PrimMonad m => Gen (PrimState m) -> MutVec m a -> m (MutVec m a)
cyclicPermM rand vec = forM_ [1..M.length vec-1] upd >> return vec
where upd i = uniformR (0, i-1) rand >>= M.swap vec i
-- Return a vector that is a single random cyclic permutation of the argument.
cyclicPerm :: PrimMonad m => Gen (PrimState m) -> V.Vector a -> m (V.Vector a)
cyclicPerm rand = V.thaw >=> cyclicPermM rand >=> V.unsafeFreeze
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test :: Show a => [a] -> IO ()
test xs = do
let orig = V.fromList xs
cyc <- withSystemRandom . asGenIO $ \rand -> cyclicPerm rand orig
putStrLn $ "original: " ++ show orig
putStrLn $ " cycled: " ++ show cyc
main :: IO ()
main = do
test ([] :: [()])
test [10 :: Int]
test [10, 20 :: Int]
test [10, 20, 30 :: Int]
test [11..22 :: Int]
-- Also works for other types.
test "abcdef"
{{out}}
$ ./sattolo
original: []
cycled: []
original: [10]
cycled: [10]
original: [10,20]
cycled: [20,10]
original: [10,20,30]
cycled: [20,30,10]
original: [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]
cycled: [13,14,16,11,17,20,18,21,22,15,19,12]
original: "abcdef"
cycled: "cfeabd"
J
The key "feature" of this algorithm is that it cannot generate some legal random permutations. For example, given a two element list, it will always reverse that list.
Implementation:
sattolo=:3 :0
for_i.}:i.-#y do.
j=.?i
y=. (<i,j) C. y
end.
y
)
Example use:
sattolo ''
sattolo ,10
10
sattolo 10 20
20 10
sattolo 10 20 30
30 10 20
sattolo 11+i.12
19 18 15 21 12 17 22 16 20 13 11 14
Java
private static final Random rng = new Random();
void sattoloCycle(Object[] items) {
for (int i = items.length-1; i > 0; i--) {
int j = rng.nextInt(i);
Object tmp = items[i];
items[i] = items[j];
items[j] = tmp;
}
}
JavaScript
function sattoloCycle(items) {
for (var i = items.length-1; i > 0; i--) {
var j = Math.floor(Math.random() * i);
var tmp = items[i];
items[i] = items[j];
items[j] = tmp;
}
}
Jsish
/* Sattolo cycle array shuffle, in Jsish */
function sattoloCycle(items:array):void {
for (var i = items.length-1; i > 0; i--) {
var j = Math.floor(Math.random() * i);
var tmp = items[i];
items[i] = items[j];
items[j] = tmp;
}
}
if (Interp.conf('unitTest')) {
Math.srand(0);
for (var a of [[], [10], [10,20], [10,20,30], [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]]) {
; a;
sattoloCycle(a);
; a;
}
}
/*
=!EXPECTSTART!=
a ==> []
a ==> []
a ==> [ 10 ]
a ==> [ 10 ]
a ==> [ 10, 20 ]
a ==> [ 20, 10 ]
a ==> [ 10, 20, 30 ]
a ==> [ 30, 10, 20 ]
a ==> [ 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 ]
a ==> [ 22, 11, 17, 15, 12, 14, 19, 13, 21, 18, 16, 20 ]
=!EXPECTEND!=
*/
{{out}}
prompt$ jsish -u sattoloCycle.jsi
[PASS] sattoloCycle.jsi
Julia
{{works with|Julia|0.6}}
function sattolocycle!(arr::Array, last::Int=length(arr))
for i in last:-1:2
j = rand(1:i-1)
arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i]
end
return arr
end
@show sattolocycle!([])
@show sattolocycle!([10])
@show sattolocycle!([10, 20, 30])
@show sattolocycle!([11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22])
{{out}}
sattolocycle!([]) = Any[]
sattolocycle!([10]) = [10]
sattolocycle!([10, 20, 30]) = [30, 10, 20]
sattolocycle!([11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]) = [19, 20, 15, 11, 17, 18, 21, 22, 13, 16, 12, 14]
Kotlin
// version 1.0.6
fun <T> sattolo(items: Array<T>) {
for (i in items.size - 1 downTo 1) {
val j = (Math.random() * i).toInt()
val t = items[i]
items[i] = items[j]
items[j] = t
}
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val items = arrayOf(11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
println(items.joinToString())
sattolo(items)
println(items.joinToString())
}
Sample output: {{out}}
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22
22, 11, 19, 12, 21, 14, 18, 20, 17, 16, 13, 15
Lua
function sattolo (items)
local j
for i = #items, 2, -1 do
j = math.random(i - 1)
items[i], items[j] = items[j], items[i]
end
end
math.randomseed(os.time())
local testCases = {
{},
{10},
{10, 20},
{10, 20, 30},
{11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22}
}
for _, array in pairs(testCases) do
sattolo(array)
print("[" .. table.concat(array, ", ") .. "]")
end
{{out}}
[]
[10]
[20, 10]
[30, 10, 20]
[15, 17, 22, 18, 16, 19, 21, 11, 12, 13, 20, 14]
=={{header|Modula-2}}==
MODULE SattoloCycle;
FROM FormatString IMPORT FormatString;
FROM RandomNumbers IMPORT Randomize,Random;
FROM Terminal IMPORT WriteString,WriteLn,ReadChar;
PROCEDURE SwapInt(VAR a,b : INTEGER);
VAR t : INTEGER;
BEGIN
t := a;
a := b;
b := t;
END SwapInt;
TYPE
ARR = ARRAY[0..5] OF INTEGER;
VAR
buf : ARRAY[0..63] OF CHAR;
items : ARR;
i,j : INTEGER;
BEGIN
Randomize(0);
items := ARR{0,1,2,3,4,5};
FOR i:=0 TO HIGH(items) DO
j := Random(0,i);
SwapInt(items[i], items[j]);
END;
FOR i:=0 TO HIGH(items) DO
FormatString(" %i", buf, items[i]);
WriteString(buf)
END;
ReadChar
END SattoloCycle.
Nim
{{trans|C}}
import random
proc sattoloCycle[T](a: var openArray[T]) =
var j = 0
if a.len < 2:
return
for i in countdown(a.high, 1):
j = rand(int.high) mod i
swap a[j], a[i]
var a: seq[int] = @[]
var b: seq[int] = @[10]
var c: seq[int] = @[10, 20]
var d: seq[int] = @[10, 20, 30]
var e: seq[int] = @[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]
randomize()
a.sattoloCycle()
echo "Shuffled a = ", $a
b.sattoloCycle()
echo "\nShuffled b = ", $b
c.sattoloCycle()
echo "\nShuffled c = ", $c
d.sattoloCycle()
echo "\nShuffled d = ", $d
e.sattoloCycle()
echo "\nShuffled e = ", $e
{{out}}
Shuffled a = @[]
Shuffled b = @[10]
Shuffled c = @[20, 10]
Shuffled d = @[20, 30, 10]
Shuffled e = @[20, 21, 14, 17, 13, 18, 12, 22, 11, 15, 16, 19]
Objeck
{{trans|Objeck}}
class Sattolo {
function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil {
array := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
SattoloCycle(array);
array->ToString()->PrintLine();
}
function : SattoloCycle(items : Int[]) ~ Nil {
each(i : items) {
j := (Float->Random() * 100.0)->As(Int) % items->Size();
tmp := items[i];
items[i] := items[j];
items[j] := tmp;
};
}
}
Output:
[9,8,4,5,10,1,2,6,3,7]
=={{header|Objective-C}}==
@interface NSMutableArray (SattoloCycle)
- (void)sattoloCycle;
@end
@implementation NSMutableArray (SattoloCycle)
- (void)sattoloCycle {
for (NSUInteger i = self.count-1; i > 0; i--) {
NSUInteger j = arc4random_uniform(i);
[self exchangeObjectAtIndex:i withObjectAtIndex:j];
}
}
@end
OCaml
let sattolo_cycle arr =
for i = Array.length arr - 1 downto 1 do
let j = Random.int i in
let temp = arr.(i) in
arr.(i) <- arr.(j);
arr.(j) <- temp
done
Perl
@a = 0..30;
printf "%2d ", $_ for @a; print "\n";
sattolo_cycle(\@a);
printf "%2d ", $_ for @a; print "\n";
sub sattolo_cycle {
my($array) = @_;
for $i (reverse 0 .. -1+@$array) {
my $j = int rand $i;
@$array[$j, $i] = @$array[$i, $j];
}
}
{{out}}
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
18 5 9 25 3 23 12 2 26 21 16 4 11 15 20 1 27 10 29 7 6 28 24 8 13 17 19 0 14 30 22
Perl 6
This modifies the array passed as argument, in-place.
sub sattolo-cycle (@array) {
for reverse 1 .. @array.end -> $i {
my $j = (^$i).pick;
@array[$j, $i] = @array[$i, $j];
}
}
my @a = flat 'A' .. 'Z', 'a' .. 'z';
say @a;
sattolo-cycle(@a);
say @a;
{{out|Sample output}}
[A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z]
[r G w g W Z D X M f Q A c i H Y J F s z m v x P b U j n q I N e O L o C d u a K S V l y R T B k t h p E]
Phix
sequence cards = tagset(52)
puts(1,"Before: ") ?cards
for i=52 to 2 by -1 do
integer r = rand(i-1)
{cards[r],cards[i]} = {cards[i],cards[r]}
end for
puts(1,"After: ") ?cards
for i=1 to 52 do
if cards[i]=i then ?9/0 end if
end for
if sort(cards)!=tagset(52) then ?9/0 end if
puts(1,"Sorted: ") ?sort(cards)
Before: {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52}
After: {51,47,8,9,20,5,43,21,12,2,7,19,4,32,10,23,30,29,31,38,13,44,41,26,42,15,34,46,27,33,40,18,24,17,28,48,3,45,11,22,39,1,35,49,36,14,6,25,50,16,52,37}
Sorted: {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52}
```
## PHP
```PHP
function sattoloCycle($items) {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($items); $i++) {
$j = floor((mt_rand() / mt_getrandmax()) * $i);
$tmp = $items[$i];
$items[$i] = $items[$j];
$items[$j] = $tmp;
}
return $items;
}
```
## PicoLisp
```PicoLisp
(seed (in "/dev/urandom" (rd 8)))
(de sattolo (Lst)
(for (N (length Lst) (>= N 2) (dec N))
(let I (rand 1 (dec N))
(xchg (nth Lst N) (nth Lst I)) ) ) )
(let L (range 1 15)
(println 'before L)
(sattolo L)
(println 'after L) )
```
{{out}}
```txt
before (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15)
after (4 1 12 6 2 13 9 11 8 5 3 14 7 15 10)
```
## Python
```python
>>> from random import randrange
>>> def sattoloCycle(items):
for i in range(len(items) - 1, 0, -1):
j = randrange(i) # 0 <= j <= i-1
items[j], items[i] = items[i], items[j]
>>> # Tests
>>> for _ in range(10):
lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
sattoloCycle(lst)
print(lst)
[5, 8, 1, 2, 6, 4, 3, 9, 10, 7]
[5, 9, 8, 10, 4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 7]
[10, 5, 8, 3, 9, 1, 4, 2, 6, 7]
[10, 5, 2, 6, 9, 7, 8, 3, 1, 4]
[7, 4, 8, 5, 10, 3, 2, 9, 1, 6]
[2, 3, 10, 9, 4, 5, 8, 1, 7, 6]
[5, 7, 4, 6, 2, 9, 3, 10, 8, 1]
[3, 10, 7, 2, 9, 5, 8, 4, 1, 6]
[2, 6, 5, 3, 9, 8, 10, 7, 1, 4]
[3, 6, 2, 5, 10, 4, 1, 9, 7, 8]
>>>
```
## Racket
```racket
#lang racket
;; although the shuffle is in-place, returning the shuffled vector makes
;; testing a little easier
(define (sattolo-shuffle v)
(for ((i (in-range (sub1 (vector-length v)) 0 -1)))
(define j (random i))
(define tmp (vector-ref v i))
(vector-set! v i (vector-ref v j))
(vector-set! v j tmp))
v)
(define (derangement-of? A B #:strict? (strict? #t))
(match* (A B)
[('() '()) #t]
[((list a) (list a)) #:when strict? #t]
[((list a _ ...) (list a _ ...)) #f]
[((list _ as ...) (list _ bs ...))
(derangement-of? as bs #:strict? #t)]
[((vector as ...) (vector bs ...))
(derangement-of? as bs #:strict? strict?)]))
(module+ test
(require rackunit)
(check-equal? (sattolo-shuffle (vector)) #())
(check-equal? (sattolo-shuffle (vector 10)) #(10))
(check-equal? (sattolo-shuffle (vector 'inky)) #(inky))
(define v′ (sattolo-shuffle (vector 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21)))
v′
(check-true (derangement-of? #(11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21) v′)))
```
{{out}}
```txt
'#(21 19 12 11 18 17 14 16 15 13 20)
```
## REXX
### version 1
This REXX example uses a zero-based array; (to match the pseudo-code).
The array elements values can be of any type (even mixed): integer, floating point, characters, ···
The values of the array elements are specified via the command line (C.L.).
```rexx
/*REXX program implements and displays a Sattolo shuffle for an array (of any type).*/
parse arg a; say 'original:' space(a) /*obtain args from the CL; display 'em.*/
do x=0 for words(a); @.x=word(a, x+1); end /*assign all elements to the @. array. */
/* [↑] build an array of given items. */
do #=x-1 by -1 to 1; j=random(0, #-1) /*get a random integer between 0 & I-1.*/
parse value @.# @.j with @.j @.# /*swap two array elements, J is random.*/
end /*j*/ /* [↑] shuffle @ via Sattolo algorithm*/
$= /* [↓] build a list of shuffled items.*/
do k=0 for x; $=$ @.k; end /*k*/ /*append the next element in the array.*/
say ' Sattolo:' strip($) /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
```
{{out|output|text= when using the input of: [a null]}}
```txt
original:
Sattolo:
```
{{out|output|text= when using the input of: 10 }}
```txt
original: 10
Sattolo: 10
```
{{out|output|text= when using the input of: 10 20 }}
```txt
original: 10 20
Sattolo: 20 10
```
{{out|output|text= when using the input of: 10 20 30 }}
```txt
original: 10 20 30
Sattolo: 20 30 10
```
{{out|output|text= when using the input of: 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
```txt
original: 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Sattolo: 15 14 17 19 18 12 22 13 20 21 11 16
```
'''output''' when using the input of: -1 0 00 oNe 2.7 /\ [] +6e1 ~~~ }}
```txt
original: -1 0 00 one 2.7 /\ [] +6e1 ~~~
Sattolo: /\ 00 +6e1 0 ~~~ oNe -1 2.7 []
```
### version 2
```rexx
n=25
Do i=0 To n
a.i=i
b.i=i
End
Call show ' pre'
Do i=n to 1 By -1
j=random(0,i-1)
Parse Value a.i a.j With a.j a.i
End
Call show 'post'
Do i=0 To n
If a.i=b.i Then
Say i a.i '=' b.i
End
Exit
Show:
ol=arg(1)
Do i=0 To n
ol=ol right(a.i,2)
End
Say ol
Return
```
{{out}}
```txt
pre 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
post 3 4 8 18 14 21 20 13 10 1 25 7 2 24 12 23 5 11 6 22 16 19 9 0 15 17
```
## Ring
```ring
# Project : Sattolo cycle
a = "123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
n = len(a)
sit = list(n)
for i = 1 to n
sit[i] = substr(a, i, 1)
next
showsit()
for i = n to 1 step -1
j = floor(i * random(9)/10) + 1
h = sit[i]
sit[i] = sit[j]
sit[j] = h
next
showsit()
func showsit
for i = 1 to n
see sit[i] + " "
next
see nl
```
Output:
```txt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
i v 3 c 7 x 6 5 4 n a b r t e f g 2 8 u m o p w q l j h 9 s d y k z 1
```
## Ruby
```ruby
> class Array
> def sattolo_cycle!
> (length - 1).downto(1) do |i|
* j = rand(i)
> self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i]
> end
> self
> end
> end
=> :sattolo_cycle!
> # Tests
> 10.times do
* p [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10].sattolo_cycle!
> end
[10, 6, 9, 7, 8, 1, 3, 2, 5, 4]
[3, 7, 5, 10, 4, 8, 1, 2, 6, 9]
[10, 3, 4, 8, 9, 7, 1, 5, 6, 2]
[8, 7, 4, 2, 6, 9, 1, 5, 10, 3]
[2, 7, 5, 10, 8, 3, 6, 9, 4, 1]
[2, 10, 8, 6, 1, 3, 5, 9, 7, 4]
[8, 5, 6, 1, 4, 9, 2, 10, 7, 3]
[5, 4, 10, 7, 2, 1, 8, 9, 3, 6]
[9, 8, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 10, 3, 7]
[9, 4, 2, 7, 6, 1, 10, 3, 8, 5]
=> 10
```
## Run BASIC
```Runbasic
a$ = "123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
n = len(a$)
dim sit$(n) ' hold area to string
global n
for i = 1 to n ' put string in array
sit$(i) = mid$(a$,i,1)
next i
call shoSit ' show before change
for i = n to 1 step -1
j = int(i * rnd(1)) + 1
h$ = sit$(i)
sit$(i) = sit$(j)
sit$(j) = h$
next i
call shoSit ' show after change
end
sub shoSit
for i = 1 to n
print sit$(i);" ";
next i
print
end sub
```
```txt
Output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
d c 5 e v 3 n 7 8 h r p 2 y j l s x q 6 f 9 o a u i w 4 1 m g z t k b
```
## Scala
```Scala
def shuffle[T](a: Array[T]): Array[T] = {
scala.util.Random.shuffle(a)
a
}
```
## SequenceL
```sequenceL
import ;
import ;
sattolo(x(1), seed) := shuffle(x, seedRandom(seed), size(x));
shuffle(x(1), RG, n) :=
let
next := getRandom(RG);
in
x when n <= 1 else
shuffle(swap(x, n, next.Value mod (n - 1) + 1), next.Generator, n - 1);
swap(list(1), i(0), j(0)) := swapHelper(list, i, j, list[i], list[j]);
swapHelper(list(1), i(0), j(0), vali(0), valj(0)) := setElementAt(setElementAt(list, i, valj), j, vali);
```
## Sidef
Modifies the array in-place:
```ruby
func sattolo_cycle(arr) {
for i in (arr.len ^.. 1) {
arr.swap(i, i.irand)
}
}
```
## Smalltalk
{{works with|GNU Smalltalk}}
```Smalltalk
SequenceableCollection extend [
sattoloCycle
[1 to: self size-1 do:
[:a || b |
b := Random between: a+1 and: self size.
self swap: a with: b]]
]
```
Modifies the collection in-place. Collections that don't support that,
like strings, will throw an exception.
Use example:
```Smalltalk>st
#() copy sattoloCycle
()
st> #(10) copy sattoloCycle
(10 )
st> #(10 20) copy sattoloCycle
(20 10 )
st> #(10 20 30) copy sattoloCycle
(30 10 20 )
st> #(10 20 30) copy sattoloCycle
(20 30 10 )
st> #(11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22) copy sattoloCycle
(22 13 17 18 14 12 15 21 16 11 20 19 )
st> 'Sattolo cycle' asArray sattoloCycle asString
'yocS talcelto'
```
## Swift
```swift
extension Array {
public mutating func satalloShuffle() {
for i in stride(from: index(before: endIndex), through: 1, by: -1) {
swapAt(i, .random(in: 0.. [Element] {
var arr = Array(self)
arr.satalloShuffle()
return arr
}
}
let testCases = [
[],
[10, 20],
[10, 20, 30],
[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]
]
for testCase in testCases {
let shuffled = testCase.satalloShuffled()
guard zip(testCase, shuffled).allSatisfy(!=) else {
fatalError("satallo shuffle failed")
}
print("\(testCase) shuffled = \(shuffled)")
}
```
{{out}}
```txt
[] shuffled = []
[10, 20] shuffled = [20, 10]
[10, 20, 30] shuffled = [20, 30, 10]
[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22] shuffled = [20, 22, 17, 12, 19, 14, 15, 13, 21, 16, 11, 18]
```
## TypeScript
```TypeScript>function sattoloCycle): void {
for (let i = items.length; i--> 1;) {
const j = Math.floor(Math.random() * i);
const tmp = items[i];
items[i] = items[j];
items[j] = tmp;
}
}
```
## VBA
```vb
Private Sub Sattolo(Optional ByRef a As Variant)
Dim t As Variant, i As Integer
If Not IsMissing(a) Then
For i = UBound(a) To lbound(a)+1 Step -1
j = Int((UBound(a) - 1 - LBound(a) + 1) * Rnd + LBound(a))
t = a(i)
a(i) = a(j)
a(j) = t
Next i
End If
End Sub
Public Sub program()
Dim b As Variant, c As Variant, d As Variant, e As Variant
Randomize
'imagine an empty array on this line
b = [{10}]
c = [{10, 20}]
d = [{10, 20, 30}]
e = [{11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22}]
f = [{"This ", "is ", "a ", "test"}]
Debug.Print "Before:"
Sattolo 'feeding an empty array ;)
Debug.Print "After: "
Debug.Print "Before:";
For Each i In b: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print
Sattolo b
Debug.Print "After: ";
For Each i In b: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print
Debug.Print "Before:";
For Each i In c: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print
Sattolo c
Debug.Print "After: ";
For Each i In c: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print
Debug.Print "Before:";
For Each i In d: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print
Sattolo d
Debug.Print "After: ";
For Each i In d: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print
Debug.Print "Before:";
For Each i In e: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print
Sattolo e
Debug.Print "After: ";
For Each i In e: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print
Debug.Print "Before:";
For Each i In f: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print
Sattolo f
Debug.Print "After: ";
For Each i In f: Debug.Print i;: Next i: Debug.Print
End Sub
```
{{out}}
```txt
Before:
After:
Before: 10
After: 10
Before: 10 20
After: 20 10
Before: 10 20 30
After: 20 10 30
Before: 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
After: 16 18 19 17 12 20 22 14 11 13 15 21
Before:This is a test
After: testa is This
```
## Yabasic
```Yabasic
sub sattolo$(l$)
local i, j, items$(1), n, t$
n = token(l$, items$(), ",")
for i = n to 2 step -1
j = int(ran(i - 1)) + 1
t$ = items$(i)
items$(i) = items$(j)
items$(j) = t$
next
t$ = ""
for i = 1 to n
t$ = t$ + items$(i) + ","
next
return left$(t$, len(t$) - 1)
end sub
data "", "10", "10,20", "10,20,30", "11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22"
for n = 1 to 5
read item$ : print "[", sattolo$(item$), "]"
next
```
## zkl
```zkl
fcn sattoloCycle(list){ // in place
foreach i in ([list.len()-1 .. 1,-1]){
list.swap(i,(0).random(i)); # 0 <= j < i
}
list
}
```
```zkl
sattoloCycle([0..9].walk().copy()).println();
sattoloCycle("this is a test".split()).println();
```
{{out}}
```txt
L(6,3,8,2,5,7,1,0,9,4)
L("test","this","is","a")
```