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{{task|Games}}
;Task: Write a ''player'' of the [[Bulls and cows|Bulls and Cows game]], rather than a scorer. The player should give intermediate answers that respect the scores to previous attempts.
One method is to generate a list of all possible numbers that could be the answer, then to prune the list by keeping only those numbers that would give an equivalent score to how your last guess was scored. Your next guess can be any number from the pruned list.
Either you guess correctly or run out of numbers to guess, which indicates a problem with the scoring.
;Related tasks:
- [[Bulls and cows]]
- [[Guess the number]]
- [[Guess the number/With Feedback (Player)]]
Ada
{{works with|Ada 2005}}
bulls_player.adb:
with Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Containers.Vectors;
with Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random;
procedure Bulls_Player is
-- package for In-/Output of natural numbers
package Nat_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO (Natural);
-- for comparing length of the vectors
use type Ada.Containers.Count_Type;
-- number of digits
Guessing_Length : constant := 4;
-- digit has to be from 1 to 9
type Digit is range 1 .. 9;
-- a sequence has specified length of digits
type Sequence is array (1 .. Guessing_Length) of Digit;
-- data structure to store the possible answers
package Sequence_Vectors is new Ada.Containers.Vectors
(Element_Type => Sequence,
Index_Type => Positive);
-- check if sequence contains each digit only once
function Is_Valid (S : Sequence) return Boolean is
Appeared : array (Digit) of Boolean := (others => False);
begin
for I in S'Range loop
if Appeared (S (I)) then
return False;
end if;
Appeared (S (I)) := True;
end loop;
return True;
end Is_Valid;
-- calculate all possible sequences and store them in the vector
procedure Fill_Pool (Pool : in out Sequence_Vectors.Vector) is
Finished : exception;
-- count the sequence up by one
function Next (S : Sequence) return Sequence is
Result : Sequence := S;
Index : Positive := S'Last;
begin
loop
-- overflow at a position causes next position to increase
if Result (Index) = Digit'Last then
Result (Index) := Digit'First;
-- overflow at maximum position
-- we have processed all possible values
if Index = Result'First then
raise Finished;
end if;
Index := Index - 1;
else
Result (Index) := Result (Index) + 1;
return Result;
end if;
end loop;
end Next;
X : Sequence := (others => 1);
begin
loop
-- append all valid values
if Is_Valid (X) then
Pool.Append (X);
end if;
X := Next (X);
end loop;
exception
when Finished =>
-- the exception tells us that we have added all possible values
-- simply return and do nothing.
null;
end Fill_Pool;
-- generate a random index from the pool
function Random_Index (Pool : Sequence_Vectors.Vector) return Positive is
subtype Possible_Indexes is Positive range
Pool.First_Index .. Pool.Last_Index;
package Index_Random is new Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random
(Possible_Indexes);
Index_Gen : Index_Random.Generator;
begin
Index_Random.Reset (Index_Gen);
return Index_Random.Random (Index_Gen);
end Random_Index;
-- get the answer from the player, simple validity tests
procedure Get_Answer (S : Sequence; Bulls, Cows : out Natural) is
Valid : Boolean := False;
begin
Bulls := 0;
Cows := 0;
while not Valid loop
-- output the sequence
Ada.Text_IO.Put ("How is the score for:");
for I in S'Range loop
Ada.Text_IO.Put (Digit'Image (S (I)));
end loop;
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
begin
Ada.Text_IO.Put ("Bulls:");
Nat_IO.Get (Bulls);
Ada.Text_IO.Put ("Cows:");
Nat_IO.Get (Cows);
if Bulls + Cows <= Guessing_Length then
Valid := True;
else
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Invalid answer, try again.");
end if;
exception
when others =>
null;
end;
end loop;
end Get_Answer;
-- remove all sequences that wouldn't give an equivalent score
procedure Strip
(V : in out Sequence_Vectors.Vector;
S : Sequence;
Bulls, Cows : Natural)
is
function Has_To_Be_Removed (Position : Positive) return Boolean is
Testant : constant Sequence := V.Element (Position);
Bull_Score : Natural := 0;
Cows_Score : Natural := 0;
begin
for I in Testant'Range loop
for J in S'Range loop
if Testant (I) = S (J) then
-- same digit at same position: Bull!
if I = J then
Bull_Score := Bull_Score + 1;
else
Cow_Score := Cow_Score + 1;
end if;
end if;
end loop;
end loop;
return Cow_Score /= Cows or else Bull_Score /= Bulls;
end Has_To_Be_Removed;
begin
for Index in reverse V.First_Index .. V.Last_Index loop
if Has_To_Be_Removed (Index) then
V.Delete (Index);
end if;
end loop;
end Strip;
-- main routine
procedure Solve is
All_Sequences : Sequence_Vectors.Vector;
Test_Index : Positive;
Test_Sequence : Sequence;
Bulls, Cows : Natural;
begin
-- generate all possible sequences
Fill_Pool (All_Sequences);
loop
-- pick at random
Test_Index := Random_Index (All_Sequences);
Test_Sequence := All_Sequences.Element (Test_Index);
-- ask player
Get_Answer (Test_Sequence, Bulls, Cows);
-- hooray, we have it!
exit when Bulls = 4;
All_Sequences.Delete (Test_Index);
Strip (All_Sequences, Test_Sequence, Bulls, Cows);
exit when All_Sequences.Length <= 1;
end loop;
if All_Sequences.Length = 0 then
-- oops, shouldn't happen
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line
("I give up, there has to be a bug in" &
"your scoring or in my algorithm.");
else
if All_Sequences.Length = 1 then
Ada.Text_IO.Put ("The sequence you thought has to be:");
Test_Sequence := All_Sequences.First_Element;
else
Ada.Text_IO.Put ("The sequence you thought of was:");
end if;
for I in Test_Sequence'Range loop
Ada.Text_IO.Put (Digit'Image (Test_Sequence (I)));
end loop;
end if;
end Solve;
begin
-- output blah blah
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Bulls and Cows, Your turn!");
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line
("Think of a sequence of" &
Integer'Image (Guessing_Length) &
" different digits.");
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("I will try to guess it. For each correctly placed");
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("digit I score 1 Bull. For each digit that is on");
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("the wrong place I score 1 Cow. After each guess");
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("you tell me my score.");
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Let's start.");
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
-- solve the puzzle
Solve;
end Bulls_Player;
output:
Bulls and Cows, Your turn!
Think of a sequence of 4 different digits.
I will try to guess it. For each correctly placed
digit I score 1 Bull. For each digit that is on
the wrong place I score 1 Cow. After each guess
you tell me my score.
Let's start.
How is the score for: 8 1 7 5
Bulls:2
Cows:0
How is the score for: 4 1 6 5
Bulls:1
Cows:0
How is the score for: 3 9 7 5
Bulls:1
Cows:2
How is the score for: 9 1 7 3
Bulls:0
Cows:2
The sequence you thought has to be: 8 3 9 5
AutoHotkey
length:=4, i:=0, S:=P(9,length)
Gui, Add, Text, w83 vInfo, Think of a %length%-digit number with no duplicate digits.
Gui, Add, Edit, w40 vBulls
Gui, Add, Text, x+3, Bulls
Gui, Add, Edit, xm w40 vCows
Gui, Add, Text, x+3, Cows
Gui, Add, Button, xm w83 Default vDefault, Start
Gui, Add, Edit, ym w130 r8 vHistory ReadOnly
Gui, Show
Return
ButtonStart:
If Default = Restart
Reload
Gui, Submit, NoHide
GuiControl, Focus, Bulls
If (Bulls = length)
{
GuiControl, , Info, Guessed in %i% tries!
GuiControl, , Default, Restart
Default = Restart
}
Else
{
If i = 0
{
GuiControl, , Default, Submit
GuiControl, , History
}
Else
{
If (StrLen(Bulls) != 1 || StrLen(Cows) != 1)
Return
If Bulls is not digit
Return
If Cows is not digit
Return
GuiControl, , History, % History .= ": " Bulls " Bulls " Cows " Cows`n"
GuiControl, , Bulls
GuiControl, , Cows
S:=Remove(S, Guess, Bulls, Cows)
}
If !S
{
GuiControl, , Info, Invalid response.
GuiControl, , Default, Restart
Default = Restart
}
Else
{
Guess := SubStr(S,1,length)
GuiControl, , History, % History . Guess
GuiControl, , Info, Enter a single digit number of bulls and cows.
i++
}
}
Return
GuiEscape:
GuiClose:
ExitApp
Remove(S, Guess, Bulls, Cows) {
Loop, Parse, S, `n
If (Bulls "," Cows = Response(Guess, A_LoopField))
S2 .= A_LoopField . "`n"
Return SubStr(S2,1,-1)
}
; from http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bulls and Cows#AutoHotkey
Response(Guess,Code) {
Bulls := 0, Cows := 0
Loop, % StrLen(Code)
If (SubStr(Guess, A_Index, 1) = SubStr(Code, A_Index, 1))
Bulls++
Else If (InStr(Code, SubStr(Guess, A_Index, 1)))
Cows++
Return Bulls "," Cows
}
; from http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Permutations#Alternate_Version
P(n,k="",opt=0,delim="",str="") {
i:=0
If !InStr(n,"`n")
If n in 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Loop, %n%
n := A_Index = 1 ? A_Index : n "`n" A_Index
Else
Loop, Parse, n, %delim%
n := A_Index = 1 ? A_LoopField : n "`n" A_LoopField
If (k = "")
RegExReplace(n,"`n","",k), k++
If k is not Digit
Return "k must be a digit."
If opt not in 0,1,2,3
Return "opt invalid."
If k = 0
Return str
Else
Loop, Parse, n, `n
If (!InStr(str,A_LoopField) || opt & 1)
s .= (!i++ ? (opt & 2 ? str "`n" : "") : "`n" )
. P(n,k-1,opt,delim,str . A_LoopField . delim)
Return s
}
BBC BASIC
secret$ = ""
REPEAT
c$ = CHR$(&30 + RND(9))
IF INSTR(secret$, c$) = 0 secret$ += c$
UNTIL LEN(secret$) = 4
FOR i% = 1234 TO 9876
possible$ += STR$(i%)
NEXT
PRINT "Guess a four-digit number with no digit used twice."
guesses% = 0
REPEAT
IF LEN(possible$) = 4 THEN
guess$ = possible$
ELSE
guess$ = MID$(possible$, 4*RND(LEN(possible$) / 4) - 3, 4)
ENDIF
PRINT '"Computer guesses " guess$
guesses% += 1
IF guess$ = secret$ PRINT "Correctly guessed after "; guesses% " guesses!" : END
PROCcount(secret$, guess$, bulls%, cows%)
PRINT "giving " ;bulls% " bull(s) and " ;cows% " cow(s)."
i% = 1
REPEAT
temp$ = MID$(possible$, i%, 4)
PROCcount(temp$, guess$, testbulls%, testcows%)
IF bulls%=testbulls% IF cows%=testcows% THEN
i% += 4
ELSE
possible$ = LEFT$(possible$, i%-1) + MID$(possible$, i%+4)
ENDIF
UNTIL i% > LEN(possible$)
IF INSTR(possible$, secret$) = 0 STOP
UNTIL FALSE
END
DEF PROCcount(secret$, guess$, RETURN bulls%, RETURN cows%)
LOCAL i%, c$
bulls% = 0
cows% = 0
FOR i% = 1 TO 4
c$ = MID$(secret$, i%, 1)
IF MID$(guess$, i%, 1) = c$ THEN
bulls% += 1
ELSE IF INSTR(guess$, c$) THEN
cows% += 1
ENDIF
ENDIF
NEXT i%
ENDPROC
C
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> char *list; const char *line = "--------+--------------------\n"; int len = 0; int irand(int n) { int r, rand_max = RAND_MAX - (RAND_MAX % n); do { r = rand(); } while(r >= rand_max); return r / (rand_max / n); } char* get_digits(int n, char *ret) { int i, j; char d[] = "123456789"; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { j = irand(9 - i); ret[i] = d[i + j]; if (j) d[i + j] = d[i], d[i] = ret[i]; } return ret; } #define MASK(x) (1 << (x - '1')) int score(const char *digits, const char *guess, int *cow) { int i, bits = 0, bull = *cow = 0; for (i = 0; guess[i] != '\0'; i++) if (guess[i] != digits[i]) bits |= MASK(digits[i]); else ++bull; while (i--) *cow += ((bits & MASK(guess[i])) != 0); return bull; } void pick(int n, int got, int marker, char *buf) { int i, bits = 1; if (got >= n) strcpy(list + (n + 1) * len++, buf); else for (i = 0; i < 9; i++, bits *= 2) { if ((marker & bits)) continue; buf[got] = i + '1'; pick(n, got + 1, marker | bits, buf); } } void filter(const char *buf, int n, int bull, int cow) { int i = 0, c; char *ptr = list; while (i < len) { if (score(ptr, buf, &c) != bull || c != cow) strcpy(ptr, list + --len * (n + 1)); else ptr += n + 1, i++; } } void game(const char *tgt, char *buf) { int i, p, bull, cow, n = strlen(tgt); for (i = 0, p = 1; i < n && (p *= 9 - i); i++); list = malloc(p * (n + 1)); pick(n, 0, 0, buf); for (p = 1, bull = 0; n - bull; p++) { strcpy(buf, list + (n + 1) * irand(len)); bull = score(tgt, buf, &cow); printf("Guess %2d| %s (from: %d)\n" "Score | %d bull, %d cow\n%s", p, buf, len, bull, cow, line); filter(buf, n, bull, cow); } } int main(int c, char **v) { int n = c > 1 ? atoi(v[1]) : 4; char secret[10] = "", answer[10] = ""; srand(time(0)); printf("%sSecret | %s\n%s", line, get_digits(n, secret), line); game(secret, answer); return 0; }
sample output for 4 digits:
sample output for 9 digits<lang>--------+--------------------
Secret | 758214936
--------+--------------------
Guess 1| 245863197 (from: 362880)
Score | 0 bull, 9 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 2| 964715382 (from: 133496)
Score | 1 bull, 8 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 3| 614927853 (from: 48722)
Score | 0 bull, 9 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 4| 567391248 (from: 15926)
Score | 0 bull, 9 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 5| 839174562 (from: 4473)
Score | 1 bull, 8 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 6| 489635721 (from: 1503)
Score | 0 bull, 9 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 7| 723156984 (from: 317)
Score | 2 bull, 7 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 8| 953278614 (from: 89)
Score | 2 bull, 7 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 9| 321479685 (from: 24)
Score | 0 bull, 9 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 10| 893752416 (from: 4)
Score | 1 bull, 8 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 11| 758214936 (from: 1)
Score | 9 bull, 0 cow
--------+--------------------
C++
#include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <iomanip> #include <algorithm> #include <vector> #include <time.h> //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- using namespace std; //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- const unsigned int LEN = 4; //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- class CowsAndBulls_Player { public: CowsAndBulls_Player() { fillPool(); } void play() { secret = createSecret(); guess(); } private: void guess() { pair<int, int> res; int cc = 1; cout << endl << " SECRET: " << secret << endl << " ### ======== " << endl; cout << "+-----------+---------+--------+\n| GUESS | BULLS | COWS |\n+-----------+---------+--------+\n"; while( true ) { string gs = gimmeANumber(); if( gs.empty() ) { cout << endl << "Something went wrong with the scoring..." << endl << "Cannot find an answer!" << endl; return; } if( scoreIt( gs, res ) ) { cout << endl << "I found the secret number!" << endl << "It is: " << gs << endl; return; } cout << "| " << gs << " | " << setw( 3 ) << res.first << " | " << setw( 3 ) << res.second << " |\n+-----------+---------+--------+\n"; clearPool( gs, res ); } } void clearPool( string gs, pair<int, int>& r ) { vector<string>::iterator pi = pool.begin(); while( pi != pool.end() ) { if( removeIt( gs, ( *pi ), r ) ) pi = pool.erase( pi ); else pi++; } } string gimmeANumber() { if( pool.empty() ) return ""; return pool[rand() % pool.size()]; } void fillPool() { for( int x = 1234; x < 9877; x++ ) { ostringstream oss; oss << x; if( check( oss.str() ) ) pool.push_back( oss.str() ); } } bool check( string s ) { for( string::iterator si = s.begin(); si != s.end(); si++ ) { if( ( *si ) == '0' ) return false; if( count( s.begin(), s.end(), ( *si ) ) > 1 ) return false; } return true; } bool removeIt( string gs, string ts, pair<int, int>& res ) { pair<int, int> tp; getScore( gs, ts, tp ); return tp != res; } bool scoreIt( string gs, pair<int, int>& res ) { getScore( gs, secret, res ); return res.first == LEN; } void getScore( string gs, string st, pair<int, int>& pr ) { pr.first = pr.second = 0; for( unsigned int ui = 0; ui < LEN; ui++ ) { if( gs[ui] == st[ui] ) pr.first++; else { for( unsigned int vi = 0; vi < LEN; vi++ ) if( gs[ui] == st[vi] ) pr.second++; } } } string createSecret() { string n = "123456789", rs = ""; while( rs.length() < LEN ) { int r = rand() % n.length(); rs += n[r]; n.erase( r, 1 ); } return rs; } string secret; vector<string> pool; }; //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( static_cast<unsigned int>( time( NULL ) ) ); CowsAndBulls_Player cb; cb.play(); cout << endl << endl; return system( "pause" ); } //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Output:
SECRET: 6281
### ========
+-----------+---------+--------+
| GUESS | BULLS | COWS |
+-----------+---------+--------+
| 5132 | 0 | 2 |
+-----------+---------+--------+
| 1568 | 0 | 3 |
+-----------+---------+--------+
| 2685 | 1 | 2 |
+-----------+---------+--------+
| 2816 | 0 | 4 |
+-----------+---------+--------+
I found the secret number!
It is: 6281
C#
{{works with|C#|3.0}}
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace BullsAndCows { class Program { const int ANSWER_SIZE = 4; static IEnumerable<string> Permutations(int size) { if (size > 0) { foreach (string s in Permutations(size - 1)) foreach (char n in "123456789") if (!s.Contains(n)) yield return s + n; } else yield return ""; } static IEnumerable<T> Shuffle<T>(IEnumerable<T> source) { Random random = new Random(); List<T> list = source.ToList(); while (list.Count > 0) { int ix = random.Next(list.Count); yield return list[ix]; list.RemoveAt(ix); } } static bool ReadBullsCows(out int bulls, out int cows) { string[] input = Console.ReadLine().Split(',').ToArray(); bulls = cows = 0; if (input.Length < 2) return false; else return int.TryParse(input[0], out bulls) && int.TryParse(input[1], out cows); } static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Bulls and Cows"); Console.WriteLine(" ### ======== "); Console.WriteLine(); List<string> answers = Shuffle(Permutations(ANSWER_SIZE)).ToList(); while (answers.Count > 1) { string guess = answers[0]; Console.Write("My guess is {0}. How many bulls, cows? ", guess); int bulls, cows; if (!ReadBullsCows(out bulls, out cows)) Console.WriteLine("Sorry, I didn't understand that. Please try again."); else for (int ans = answers.Count - 1; ans >= 0; ans--) { int tb = 0, tc = 0; for (int ix = 0; ix < ANSWER_SIZE; ix++) if (answers[ans][ix] == guess[ix]) tb++; else if (answers[ans].Contains(guess[ix])) tc++; if ((tb != bulls) || (tc != cows)) answers.RemoveAt(ans); } } if (answers.Count == 1) Console.WriteLine("Hooray! The answer is {0}!", answers[0]); else Console.WriteLine("No possible answer fits the scores you gave."); } } }
Example output:-
Bulls and Cows
### ========
My guess is 7854. How many bulls, cows? 0,1
My guess is 1539. How many bulls, cows? 1,2
My guess is 2935. How many bulls, cows? 2,1
My guess is 9635. How many bulls, cows? 1,3
Hooray! The answer is 5936!
Common Lisp
(defun random-number () (do* ((lst '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9) (remove d lst)) (l 9 (length lst)) (d (nth (random l) lst) (nth (random l) lst)) (number nil (cons d number))) ((= l 5) number))) (defun validp (number) (loop for el in number with rst = (rest number) do (cond ((= el 0) (return-from validp nil)) ((member el rst) (return-from validp nil)) (t (setq rst (rest rst)))) finally (return number))) (defun bulls (number guess) (loop for x in number for y in guess counting (= x y) into b finally (return b))) (defun bulls+cows (number guess) (loop for x in guess counting (member x number) into c finally (return c))) (defun solve () (let ((number (random-number)) (possible-guesses (loop for i from 1234 to 9876 when (validp (map 'list #'digit-char-p (prin1-to-string i))) collect it))) (format t "Secret: ~a~%" number) (loop with guess = (nth (random (length possible-guesses)) possible-guesses) with b = (bulls number guess) with c = (- (bulls+cows number guess) b) do (format t "Guess: ~a B: ~a C: ~a~%" guess b c) (if (= b 4) (return-from solve (format t "Solution found!"))) (setq possible-guesses (mapcan #'(lambda (x) (if (and (= b (bulls x guess)) (= c (- (bulls+cows x guess) b))) (list x))) (remove guess possible-guesses))) (setq guess (nth (random (length possible-guesses)) possible-guesses)) (setq b (bulls number guess)) (setq c (- (bulls+cows number guess) b)))))
Output:
CL-USER> (solve)
Secret: (4 8 6 1)
Guess: (3 5 1 6) B: 0 C: 2
Guess: (7 1 9 5) B: 0 C: 1
Guess: (6 8 3 7) B: 1 C: 1
Guess: (5 8 4 3) B: 1 C: 1
Guess: (1 8 6 4) B: 2 C: 2
Guess: (4 8 6 1) B: 4 C: 0
Solution found!
NIL
Crystal
{{trans|Ruby}}
size = 4 scores = [] of Tuple(Int32, Int32) guesses = [] of Array(Char) puts "Playing Bulls & Cows with #{size} unique digits." possible_guesses = ('1'..'9').to_a.permutations(size).shuffle loop do guesses << (current_guess = possible_guesses.pop) print "Guess #{guesses.size} (#{possible_guesses.size}) is #{current_guess.join}. Answer (bulls,cows)? " bulls, cows = gets.not_nil!.split(',').map(&.to_i) scores << (score = {bulls, cows}) # handle win break (puts "Yeah!") if score == {size, 0} # filter possible guesses possible_guesses.select! do |guess| bulls = guess.zip(current_guess).count { |g, cg| g == cg } cows = size - (guess - current_guess).size - bulls {bulls, cows} == score end # handle 'no possible guesses left' if possible_guesses.empty? puts "Error in scoring?" guesses.zip(scores).each { |g, (b, c)| puts "#{g.join} => bulls #{b} cows #{c}" } break end end
D
void main() { import std.stdio, std.random, std.algorithm, std.range, std.ascii; immutable d9 = "123456789"; auto choices = cartesianProduct(d9, d9, d9, d9).map!(t => [t[]]) .filter!(a => a.sort().uniq.count == 4).array; do { const ans = choices[uniform(0, $)]; writef("My guess is %s. How many bulls and cows? ", ans); immutable score = readln.filter!isDigit.map!q{ a - '0' }.array; choices = choices.remove!(c => score != [c.zip(ans).count!(p => p[0] == p[1]), c.zip(ans).count!(p => p[0] != p[1] && ans.canFind(p[0]))]); } while (choices.length > 1); if (choices.empty) return "Nothing fits the scores you gave.".writeln; writeln("Solution found: ", choices[0]); }
{{out|Example output}}
My guess is 9345. How many bulls and cows? 02
My guess is 8496. How many bulls and cows? 01
My guess is 2739. How many bulls and cows? 12
My guess is 3129. How many bulls and cows? 03
My guess is 7931. How many bulls and cows? 40
Solution found: 7931
Elixir
{{works with|Elixir|1.2}}
defmodule Bulls_and_cows do def player(size \\ 4) do possibility = permute(size) |> Enum.shuffle player(size, possibility, 1) end def player(size, possibility, i) do guess = hd(possibility) IO.puts "Guess #{i} is #{Enum.join(guess)} (from #{length(possibility)} possibilities)" case get_score(size) do {^size, 0} -> IO.puts "Solved!" score -> case select(size, possibility, guess, score) do [] -> IO.puts "Sorry! I can't find a solution. Possible mistake in the scoring." selected -> player(size, selected, i+1) end end end defp get_score(size) do IO.gets("Answer (Bulls, cows)? ") |> String.split(~r/\D/, trim: true) |> Enum.map(&String.to_integer/1) |> case do [bulls, cows] when bulls+cows in 0..size -> {bulls, cows} _ -> get_score(size) end end defp select(size, possibility, guess, score) do Enum.filter(possibility, fn x -> bulls = Enum.zip(x, guess) |> Enum.count(fn {n,g} -> n==g end) cows = size - length(x -- guess) - bulls {bulls, cows} == score end) end defp permute(size), do: permute(size, Enum.to_list(1..9)) defp permute(0, _), do: [[]] defp permute(size, list) do for x <- list, y <- permute(size-1, list--[x]), do: [x|y] end end Bulls_and_cows.player
{{out}}
Guess 1 is 6472 (from 3024 possibilities)
Answer (Bulls, cows)? 0 2
Guess 2 is 7321 (from 840 possibilities)
Answer (Bulls, cows)? 0 3
Guess 3 is 1263 (from 54 possibilities)
Answer (Bulls, cows)? 2 1
Guess 4 is 1234 (from 2 possibilities)
Answer (Bulls, cows)? 4 0
Solved!
Euphoria
{{trans|C}} {{works with|Euphoria|4.*}}
include std/sequence.e
constant line = "--------+--------------------\n"
constant digits = "123456789"
sequence list = {}
function get_digits(integer n)
integer j
sequence d = digits, ret = ""
for i=1 to n do
j = rand(length(digits)-i)
ret &= d[i+j]
if j then
d[i+j] = d[i]
d[i] = ret[i]
end if
end for
return ret
end function
function MASK(integer x)
return power(2,x-digits[1])
end function
function score(sequence pattern, sequence guess)
integer bits = 0, bull = 0, cow = 0
for i = 1 to length(guess) do
if guess[i] != pattern[i] then
bits += MASK(pattern[i])
else
bull += 1
end if
end for
for i = 1 to length(guess) do
cow += and_bits(bits,MASK(guess[i])) != 0
end for
return {bull, cow}
end function
procedure pick(integer n, integer got, integer marker, sequence buf)
integer bits = 1
if got >= n then
list = append(list,buf)
else
for i = 0 to length(digits)-1 do
if not and_bits(marker,bits) then
buf[got+1] = i+digits[1]
pick(n, got+1, or_bits(marker,bits), buf)
end if
bits *= 2
end for
end if
end procedure
function tester(sequence item, sequence data)
return equal(score(item,data[1]),data[2])
end function
constant tester_id = routine_id("tester")
procedure game(sequence tgt)
integer p, n = length(tgt)
sequence buf = repeat(0,n), bc
list = {}
pick(n,0,0,buf)
p = 1
bc = {0,0}
while bc[1]<n do
buf = list[rand($)]
bc = score(tgt,buf)
printf(1,"Guess %2d| %s (from: %d)\nScore | %d bull, %d cow\n%s",
{p, buf, length(list)} & bc & {line})
list = filter(list, tester_id, {buf, bc})
p+=1
end while
end procedure
constant n = 4
sequence secret = get_digits(n)
printf(1,"%sSecret | %s\n%s", {line, secret, line})
game(secret)
Output:
--------+--------------------
Secret | 6478
--------+--------------------
Guess 1| 5813 (from: 3024)
Score | 0 bull, 1 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 2| 6782 (from: 720)
Score | 1 bull, 2 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 3| 2689 (from: 62)
Score | 0 bull, 2 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 4| 7562 (from: 19)
Score | 0 bull, 2 cow
--------+--------------------
Guess 5| 6478 (from: 4)
Score | 4 bull, 0 cow
--------+--------------------
Fortran
{{works with|Fortran|90 and later}}
module Player
implicit none
contains
subroutine Init(candidates)
integer, intent(in out) :: candidates(:)
integer :: a, b, c, d, n
n = 0
thousands: do a = 1, 9
hundreds: do b = 1, 9
tens: do c = 1, 9
units: do d = 1, 9
if (b == a) cycle hundreds
if (c == b .or. c == a) cycle tens
if (d == c .or. d == b .or. d == a) cycle units
n = n + 1
candidates(n) = a*1000 + b*100 + c*10 + d
end do units
end do tens
end do hundreds
end do thousands
end subroutine init
subroutine Evaluate(bulls, cows, guess, candidates)
integer, intent(in) :: bulls, cows, guess
integer, intent(in out) :: candidates(:)
integer :: b, c, s, i, j
character(4) :: n1, n2
write(n1, "(i4)") guess
do i = 1, size(candidates)
if (candidates(i) == 0) cycle
b = 0
c = 0
write(n2, "(i4)") candidates(i)
do j = 1, 4
s = index(n1, n2(j:j))
if(s /= 0) then
if(s == j) then
b = b + 1
else
c = c + 1
end if
end if
end do
if(.not.(b == bulls .and. c == cows)) candidates(i) = 0
end do
end subroutine Evaluate
function Nextguess(candidates)
integer :: Nextguess
integer, intent(in out) :: candidates(:)
integer :: i
nextguess = 0
do i = 1, size(candidates)
if(candidates(i) /= 0) then
nextguess = candidates(i)
candidates(i) = 0
return
end if
end do
end function
end module Player
program Bulls_Cows
use Player
implicit none
integer :: bulls, cows, initial, guess
integer :: candidates(3024) = 0
real :: rnum
! Fill candidates array with all possible number combinations
call Init(candidates)
! Random initial guess
call random_seed
call random_number(rnum)
initial = 3024 * rnum + 1
guess = candidates(initial)
candidates(initial) = 0
do
write(*, "(a, i4)") "My guess is ", guess
write(*, "(a)", advance = "no") "Please score number of Bulls and Cows: "
read*, bulls, cows
write(*,*)
if (bulls == 4) then
write(*, "(a)") "Solved!"
exit
end if
! We haven't found the solution yet so evaluate the remaining candidates
! and eliminate those that do not match the previous score given
call Evaluate(bulls, cows, guess, candidates)
! Get the next guess from the candidates that are left
guess = Nextguess(candidates)
if(guess == 0) then
! If we get here then no solution is achievable from the scores given or the program is bugged
write(*, "(a)") "Sorry! I can't find a solution. Possible mistake in the scoring"
exit
end if
end do
end program
Output
My guess is 1528
Please score number of Bulls and Cows: 0 1
My guess is 2346
Please score number of Bulls and Cows: 0 1
My guess is 3179
Please score number of Bulls and Cows: 1 2
My guess is 3795
Please score number of Bulls and Cows: 0 2
My guess is 4971
Please score number of Bulls and Cows: 2 2
My guess is 9471
Please score number of Bulls and Cows: 4 0
Solved!
Go
Notes: Strategy per the suggestion in the problem description. Check algorithm lifted from Bulls and cows program. Code here uses Go's built in map type as the container for the list of still-possible numbers; only the map key is used, the value is assigned a dummy of 0.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strconv" "strings" ) func main() { fmt.Println(`Cows and bulls/player You think of four digit number of unique digits in the range 1 to 9. I guess. You score my guess: A correct digit but not in the correct place is a cow. A correct digit in the correct place is a bull. You give my score as two numbers separated with a space.`) // generate possible patterns, store in map m := make(map[string]int) var g func([]byte, int) g = func(digits []byte, fixed int) { if fixed == 4 { m[string(digits[:4])] = 0 return } for i := fixed; i < len(digits); i++ { digits[fixed], digits[i] = digits[i], digits[fixed] g(digits, fixed+1) digits[fixed], digits[i] = digits[i], digits[fixed] } } g([]byte("123456789"), 0) // guess/score/eliminate loop for in := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin);; { // pick a value, ie, guess var guess string for guess = range m { delete(m, guess) break } // get and parse score var c, b uint for ;; fmt.Println("Score guess as two numbers: cows bulls") { fmt.Printf("My guess: %s. Score? (c b) ", guess) score, err := in.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("\nSo, bye.") return } s2 := strings.Fields(score) if len(s2) == 2 { c2, err := strconv.ParseUint(s2[0], 10, 0) if err == nil && c2 <= 4 { b2, err := strconv.ParseUint(s2[1], 10, 0) if err == nil && c2+b2 <= 4 { c = uint(c2) b = uint(b2) break } } } } // check for win if b == 4 { fmt.Println("I did it. :)") return } // eliminate patterns with non-matching scores for pat := range m { var cows, bulls uint for ig, cg := range guess { switch strings.IndexRune(pat, cg) { case -1: default: // I just think cows should go first cows++ case ig: bulls++ } } if cows != c || bulls != b { delete(m, pat) } } // check for inconsistency if len(m) == 0 { fmt.Println("Oops, check scoring.") return } } }
Haskell
import Data.List import Control.Monad import System.Random (randomRIO) import Data.Char(digitToInt) combinationsOf 0 _ = [[]] combinationsOf _ [] = [] combinationsOf k (x:xs) = map (x:) (combinationsOf (k-1) xs) ++ combinationsOf k xs player = do let ps = concatMap permutations $ combinationsOf 4 ['1'..'9'] play ps where play ps = if null ps then putStrLn "Unable to find a solution" else do i <- randomRIO(0,length ps - 1) let p = ps!!i :: String putStrLn ("My guess is " ++ p) >> putStrLn "How many bulls and cows?" input <- takeInput let bc = input ::[Int] ps' = filter((==sum bc).length. filter id. map (flip elem p)) $ filter((==head bc).length. filter id. zipWith (==) p) ps if length ps' == 1 then putStrLn $ "The answer is " ++ head ps' else play ps' takeInput = do inp <- getLine let ui = map digitToInt $ take 2 $ filter(`elem` ['0'..'4']) inp if sum ui > 4 || length ui /= 2 then do putStrLn "Wrong input. Try again" takeInput else return ui
Example:
*Main> player My guess is 4923 How many bulls and cows? 2 2 My guess is 3924 How many bulls and cows? 1 3 My guess is 4329 How many bulls and cows? 1 3 My guess is 4932 How many bulls and cows? 4 0 The answer is 4932
J
require'misc'
poss=:1+~.4{."1 (i.!9)A.i.9
fmt=: ' ' -.~ ":
play=:3 :0
while.1<#poss=.poss do.
smoutput'guessing ',fmt guess=.({~ ?@#)poss
bc=.+/\_".prompt 'how many bull and cows? '
poss=.poss #~({.bc)=guess+/@:="1 poss
poss=.poss #~({:bc)=guess+/@e."1 poss
end.
if.#poss do.
'the answer is ',fmt,poss
else.
'no valid possibilities'
end.
)
For example:
play''
guessing 7461
how many bull and cows? 0 1
guessing 3215
how many bull and cows? 0 3
guessing 2357
how many bull and cows? 2 0
guessing 1359
how many bull and cows? 3 0
the answer is 1358
Julia
{{works with|Julia version 0.6.0}}
countbulls(a, b) = sum([a[i] == b[i] for i in 1:length(a)]) countcows(a, b) = sum([a[i] == b[j] for i in 1:length(a), j in 1:length(b) if i != j]) validate(a, b) = typeof(a) == Int && typeof(b) == Int && a >= 0 && b >= 0 && a + b < 5 function doguess() poss = [a for a in collect(Base.product(1:9,1:9,1:9,1:9)) if length(unique(a))[1]==4] while(length(poss) > 0) ans = rand(poss, 1)[1] while true println("My guess: $(ans[1])$(ans[2])$(ans[3])$(ans[4]). How many bulls and cows?") regres = match(r"\D*(\d+)\D*(\d+)", readline()) bul, cow = parse(Int,regres[1]), parse(Int,regres[2]) if(validate(bul, cow)) break else println("Please enter an integer each for bulls and cows.") end end if(bul == 4) return ans end filter!(i -> (countbulls(ans,i), countcows(ans, i)) == (bul, cow), poss) end Base.throw("ERROR: No solutions found. Inconsistent scoring by other player?") end answ = doguess() println("The winning pick: $(answ[1])$(answ[2])$(answ[3])$(answ[4])")
Example game:
My guess: 9517. How many bulls and cows? 0 1 My guess: 3285. How many bulls and cows? 1 1 My guess: 4298. How many bulls and cows? 0 2 My guess: 2465. How many bulls and cows? 0 2 My guess: 3926. How many bulls and cows? 2 0 My guess: 3724. How many bulls and cows? 3 0 My guess: 3124. How many bulls and cows? 4 0 The winning pick: 3124
Kotlin
// version 1.1.2 import java.util.Random fun countBullsAndCows(guess: IntArray, answer: IntArray): Pair<Int,Int> { var bulls = 0 var cows = 0 for ((i, d) in guess.withIndex()) { if (answer[i] == d) bulls++ else if (d in answer) cows++ } return bulls to cows } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val r = Random() val choices = mutableListOf<IntArray>() // generate all possible distinct 4 digit (1 to 9) integer arrays for (i in 1..9) { for (j in 1..9) { if (j == i) continue for (k in 1..9) { if (k == i || k == j) continue for (l in 1..9) { if (l == i || l == j || l == k) continue choices.add(intArrayOf(i, j, k, l)) } } } } // pick one at random as the answer val answer = choices[r.nextInt(choices.size)] // keep guessing, pruning the list as we go based on the score, until answer found while (true) { val guess = choices[r.nextInt(choices.size)] val (bulls, cows) = countBullsAndCows(guess, answer) println("Guess = ${guess.joinToString("")} Bulls = $bulls Cows = $cows") if (bulls == 4) { println("You've just found the answer!") return } for (i in choices.size - 1 downTo 0) { val (bulls2, cows2) = countBullsAndCows(choices[i], answer) // if score is no better remove it from the list of choices if (bulls2 <= bulls && cows2 <= cows) choices.removeAt(i) } if (choices.size == 0) println("Something went wrong as no choices left! Aborting program") } }
Sample game: {{out}}
Guess = 7185 Bulls = 0 Cows = 2
Guess = 7862 Bulls = 1 Cows = 2
Guess = 6982 Bulls = 2 Cows = 0
Guess = 1762 Bulls = 2 Cows = 2
Guess = 1264 Bulls = 0 Cows = 3
Guess = 2761 Bulls = 1 Cows = 3
Guess = 6742 Bulls = 3 Cows = 0
Guess = 1627 Bulls = 0 Cows = 4
Guess = 6712 Bulls = 4 Cows = 0
You've just found the answer!
Liberty BASIC
As supplied rhe code shows the remaining pool of numbers after each guess is scored.
guesses =0
do while len( secret$) <4 ' zero not allowed <<<<<<<<<
n$ =chr$( int( rnd( 1) *9) +49)
if not( instr( secret$, n$)) then secret$ =secret$ +n$
loop
print " Secretly, my opponent just chose a number. But she didn't tell anyone! "; secret$; "."
print " I can however be given a score for my guesses."
for i =1234 to 9876 ' <<<<<<<<<
if check( str$( i)) =0 then available$ =available$ +" " +str$( i): k =k +1
next i
available$ =trim$( available$) ' remove the surplus, leading space
print
print "Currently holding "; k; " possible numbers. "
while 1
guess$ =word$( available$, 1 +int( k *rnd( 1)), " ")
print
print "Computer guessed "; guess$; " & got ";
bulls =0
cows =0
guesses =guesses +1
r$ =score$( guess$, secret$)
bulls =val( word$( r$, 1, ","))
cows =val( word$( r$, 2, ","))
print bulls; " bull(s), and "; cows; " cow(s), .... ";
if guess$ =secret$ then
print "Computer won after "; guesses; " guesses!";
secs =( time$( "seconds") -now +86400) mod 86400
print " That took "; secs; " seconds. ENDED!"
print
print " Now scroll right to see original choice and check!"
exit while
end if
print " so possible numbers are now only..."
kk =0
new$ =""
for j =1 to k
bullsT =0
cowsT =0
possible$ =word$( available$, j, " ")
r$ =score$( guess$, possible$)
bullsT =val( word$( r$, 1, ","))
cowsT =val( word$( r$, 2, ","))
if ( bullsT =bulls) and ( cowsT =cows) then
new$ =new$ +" " +possible$ ' keep those with same score
kk =kk +1
print possible$; " ";
if ( kk mod 20) =0 then print
end if
scan
next j
available$ =trim$( new$)
k =kk
scan
wend
end
function score$( a$, b$) ' return as a csv string the number of bulls & cows.
bulls = 0: cows = 0
for i = 1 to 4
c$ = mid$( a$, i, 1)
if mid$( b$, i, 1) = c$ then
bulls = bulls + 1
else
if instr( b$, c$) <>0 and instr( b$, c$) <>i then cows = cows + 1
end if
next i
score$ =str$( bulls); ","; str$( cows)
end function
function check( i$)
check =0 ' zero flags available: 1 means not available
for i =1 to 3
for j =i +1 to 4
if mid$( i$, i, 1) =mid$( i$, j, 1) then check =1
next j
next i
if instr( i$, "0") then check =1
end function
Mathematica
bullCow={Count[#1-#2,0],Length[#1\[Intersection]#2]-Count[#1-#2,0]}&;
Module[{r,input,candidates=Permutations[Range[9],{4}]},
While[True,
r=InputString[];
If[r===$Canceled,Break[],
input=ToExpression/@StringSplit@r;
If[Length@input!=3,Print["Input the guess, number of bulls, number of cows, delimited by space."],
candidates=Select[candidates,bullCow[ToCharacterCode@StringJoin[ToString/@#],ToCharacterCode@ToString@input[[1]]]==input[[2;;3]]&];
candidates=SortBy[candidates,{-3,-1}.bullCow[ToCharacterCode@StringJoin[ToString/@#],ToCharacterCode@ToString@input[[1]]]&];
If[candidates==={},Print["No more candidates."];Break[]];
If[Length@candidates==1,Print["Must be: "<>StringJoin[ToString/@candidates[[1]]]];Break[]];
Print[ToString@Length@candidates<>" candidates remaining."];
Print["Can try "<>StringJoin[ToString/@First@candidates]<>"."];
]]]]
Output:
120 candidates remaining.
Can try 1256.
36 candidates remaining.
Can try 1537.
5 candidates remaining.
Can try 1584.
Must be: 1639
MATLAB
function BullsAndCowsPlayer % Plays the game Bulls and Cows as the player % Generate list of all possible numbers nDigits = 4; lowVal = 1; highVal = 9; combs = nchoosek(lowVal:highVal, nDigits); nCombs = size(combs, 1); nPermsPerComb = factorial(nDigits); gList = zeros(nCombs.*nPermsPerComb, nDigits); for k = 1:nCombs gList(nPermsPerComb*(k-1)+1:nPermsPerComb*k, :) = perms(combs(k, :)); end % Prompt user fprintf('Think of a number with:\n') fprintf(' %d digits\n', nDigits) fprintf(' Each digit between %d and %d inclusive\n', lowVal, highVal) fprintf(' No repeated digits\n') fprintf('I''ll try to guess that number and you score me:\n') fprintf(' 1 Bull per correct digit in the correct place\n') fprintf(' 1 Cow per correct digit in the wrong place\n') fprintf('Think of your number and press Enter when ready\n') pause % Play game until all digits are correct nBulls = 0; nGuesses = 0; while nBulls < 4 && ~isempty(gList) nList = size(gList, 1); g = gList(randi(nList), :); % Random guess from list fprintf('My guess: %s?\n', sprintf('%d', g)) nBulls = input('How many bulls? '); if nBulls < 4 nCows = input('How many cows? '); del = false(nList, 1); for k = 1:nList del(k) = any([nBulls nCows] ~= CountBullsCows(g, gList(k, :))); end gList(del, :) = []; end nGuesses = nGuesses+1; end if isempty(gList) fprintf('That''s bull! You messed up your scoring.\n') else fprintf('Yay, I won! Only took %d guesses.\n', nGuesses) end end function score = CountBullsCows(guess, correct) % Checks the guessed array of digits against the correct array to find the score % Assumes arrays of same length and valid numbers bulls = guess == correct; cows = ismember(guess(~bulls), correct); score = [sum(bulls) sum(cows)]; end
{{out}} Secret number: 5612
Think of a number with:
4 digits
Each digit between 1 and 9 inclusive
No repeated digits
I'll try to guess that number and you score me:
1 Bull per correct digit in the correct place
1 Cow per correct digit in the wrong place
Think of your number and press Enter when ready
My guess: 3489?
How many bulls? 0
How many cows? 0
My guess: 2156?
How many bulls? 0
How many cows? 4
My guess: 5621?
How many bulls? 2
How many cows? 2
My guess: 1625?
How many bulls? 1
How many cows? 3
My guess: 5612?
How many bulls? 4
Yay, I won! Only took 5 guesses.
Secret number: 9934
Think of a number with:
4 digits
Each digit between 1 and 9 inclusive
No repeated digits
I'll try to guess that number and you score me:
1 Bull per correct digit in the correct place
1 Cow per correct digit in the wrong place
Think of your number and press Enter when ready
My guess: 4798?
How many bulls? 0
How many cows? 2
My guess: 7862?
How many bulls? 0
How many cows? 0
My guess: 9413?
How many bulls? 1
How many cows? 2
My guess: 5439?
How many bulls? 0
How many cows? 3
My guess: 9154?
How many bulls? 2
How many cows? 0
That's bull! You messed up your scoring.
Perl
{{works with|Perl 5.10.0 and above}}
#!/usr/bin/perl use warnings; use strict; use v5.10; # Build a list of all possible solutions. The regular expression weeds # out numbers containing zeroes or repeated digits. See how Perl # automatically converts numbers to strings for us, just because we # use them as if they were strings: my @candidates = grep {not /0 | (\d) .* \1 /x} 1234 .. 9876; # Repeatedly prompt for input until the user supplies a reasonable score. # The regex validates the user's input and then returns two numbers, # $+{BULLS} and $+{COWS}. sub read_score($) { (my $guess) = @_; for (;;) { say "My guess: $guess (from ", 0+@candidates, " possibilities)"; if (<> =~ / ^ \h* (?<BULLS> \d) \h* (?<COWS> \d) \h* $ /x and $+{BULLS} + $+{COWS} <= 4) { return ($+{BULLS}, $+{COWS}); } say "Please specify the number of bulls and the number of cows"; } } sub score_correct($$$$) { my ($a, $b, $bulls, $cows) = @_; # Count the positions at which the digits match: my $exact = () = grep {substr($a, $_, 1) eq substr($b, $_, 1)} 0 .. 3; # Cross-match all digits in $a against all digits in $b, using a regex # (specifically, a character class) instead of an explicit loop: my $loose = () = $a =~ /[$b]/g; return $bulls == $exact && $cows == $loose - $exact; } do { # Pick a number, display it, get the score, and discard candidates # that don't match the score: my $guess = @candidates[rand @candidates]; my ($bulls, $cows) = read_score $guess; @candidates = grep {score_correct $_, $guess, $bulls, $cows} @candidates; } while (@candidates > 1); say(@candidates? "Your secret number is @candidates": "I think you made a mistake with your scoring");
Sample game:
msl@64Lucid:~/perl$ ./bulls-and-cows My guess: 1869 (from 3024 possibilities) 1 0 My guess: 3265 (from 240 possibilities) 0 2 My guess: 7853 (from 66 possibilities) 1 2 My guess: 7539 (from 7 possibilities) 0 3 Your secret number is 1357 msl@64Lucid:~/perl$
Perl 6
{{works with|Rakudo|2018.12}} {{trans|Perl}}
# we use the [] reduction meta operator along with the Cartesian Product
# operator X to create the Cartesian Product of four times [1..9] and then get
# all the elements where the number of unique digits is four.
my @candidates = ([X] [1..9] xx 4).grep: *.unique == 4;
repeat {
my $guess = @candidates.pick;
my ($bulls, $cows) = read-score;
@candidates .= grep: &score-correct;
# note how we declare our two subroutines within the repeat block. This
# limits the scope in which the routines are known to the scope in which
# they are needed and saves us a lot of arguments to our two routines.
sub score-correct($a) {
my $exact = [+] $a >>==<< $guess;
# number of elements of $a that match any element of $b
my $loose = +$a.grep: any @$guess;
return $bulls == $exact && $cows == $loose - $exact;
}
sub read-score() {
loop {
my $score = prompt "My guess: {$guess.join}.\n";
if $score ~~ m:s/^ $<bulls>=(\d) $<cows>=(\d) $/
and $<bulls> + $<cows> <= 4 {
return +$<bulls>, +$<cows>;
}
say "Please specify the number of bulls and cows";
}
}
} while @candidates > 1;
say @candidates
?? "Your secret number is {@candidates[0].join}!"
!! "I think you made a mistake with your scoring.";
{{out}}
My guess: 4235.
2 1
My guess: 1435.
2 1
My guess: 1245.
2 1
Your secret number is 1234!
Phix
{{Trans|Euphoria}}
constant line = " +---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+\n"
constant digits = "123456789"
function mask(integer ch)
return power(2,ch-'1')
end function
function score(sequence guess, sequence goal)
integer bits = 0, bulls = 0, cows = 0
for i=1 to length(guess) do
if guess[i]=goal[i] then
bulls += 1
else
bits += mask(goal[i])
end if
end for
for i=1 to length(guess) do
cows += (and_bits(bits,mask(guess[i]))!=0)
end for
return {bulls, cows}
end function
sequence list = {}
procedure pick(integer n, integer got, integer marker, sequence buf)
integer bits = 1
if got>=n then
list = append(list,buf)
else
for i=0 to length(digits)-1 do
if not and_bits(marker,bits) then
buf[got+1] = i+'1'
pick(n, got+1, or_bits(marker,bits), buf)
end if
bits *= 2
end for
end if
end procedure
procedure filter_list(sequence guess, integer bulls, integer cows)
integer l = length(list), idx = 0
sequence bc = {bulls,cows}
for i=1 to l do
if score(guess,list[i])=bc then
idx += 1
list[idx] = list[i]
end if
end for
list = list[1..idx]
end procedure
procedure game(sequence tgt)
integer n = length(tgt), attempt = 1, bulls = 0, cows
sequence guess
pick(n,0,0,repeat(0,n))
while bulls<n do
guess = list[rand(length(list))]
{bulls, cows} = score(guess,tgt)
printf(1," | Guess %-2d| %9s %-14s | %d | %d |\n",
{attempt, guess, sprintf("(from %d)",length(list)), bulls, cows})
filter_list(guess, bulls, cows)
attempt += 1
end while
puts(1,line)
end procedure
constant N = 4
sequence secret = shuffle(digits)[1..N]
printf(1,"%s | Secret | %9s | BULLS | COWS |\n%s", {line, secret, line})
game(secret)
{{out}} N=4:
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
| Secret | 2685 | BULLS | COWS |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
| Guess 1 | 2951 (from 3024) | 1 | 1 |
| Guess 2 | 6541 (from 480) | 0 | 2 |
| Guess 3 | 1976 (from 119) | 0 | 1 |
| Guess 4 | 3652 (from 26) | 1 | 2 |
| Guess 5 | 2685 (from 1) | 4 | 0 |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
N=9:
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
| Secret | 451382796 | BULLS | COWS |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
| Guess 1 | 392815476 (from 362880) | 1 | 8 |
| Guess 2 | 579143826 (from 133497) | 1 | 8 |
| Guess 3 | 785614923 (from 48828) | 0 | 9 |
| Guess 4 | 627583491 (from 18216) | 2 | 7 |
| Guess 5 | 357182649 (from 3719) | 3 | 6 |
| Guess 6 | 327461859 (from 321) | 0 | 9 |
| Guess 7 | 913582746 (from 53) | 4 | 5 |
| Guess 8 | 973285641 (from 6) | 1 | 8 |
| Guess 9 | 451382796 (from 2) | 9 | 0 |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
N=2:
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
| Secret | 42 | BULLS | COWS |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
| Guess 1 | 98 (from 72) | 0 | 0 |
| Guess 2 | 62 (from 42) | 1 | 0 |
| Guess 3 | 52 (from 10) | 1 | 0 |
| Guess 4 | 32 (from 4) | 1 | 0 |
| Guess 5 | 12 (from 3) | 1 | 0 |
| Guess 6 | 72 (from 2) | 1 | 0 |
| Guess 7 | 42 (from 1) | 2 | 0 |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
N=1:
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
| Secret | 7 | BULLS | COWS |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
| Guess 1 | 3 (from 9) | 0 | 0 |
| Guess 2 | 5 (from 8) | 0 | 0 |
| Guess 3 | 4 (from 7) | 0 | 0 |
| Guess 4 | 8 (from 6) | 0 | 0 |
| Guess 5 | 6 (from 5) | 0 | 0 |
| Guess 6 | 7 (from 4) | 1 | 0 |
+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------+
PicoLisp
(load "@lib/simul.l")
(de bullsAndCows ()
(let Choices (shuffle (mapcan permute (subsets 4 (range 1 9))))
(use (Guess Bulls Cows)
(loop
(prinl "Guessing " (setq Guess (pop 'Choices)))
(prin "How many bulls and cows? ")
(setq Bulls (read) Cows (read))
(setq Choices
(filter
'((C)
(let B (cnt = Guess C)
(and
(= Bulls B)
(= Cows (- (length (sect Guess C)) B)) ) ) )
Choices ) )
(NIL Choices "No matching solution")
(NIL (cdr Choices) (pack "The answer is " (car Choices))) ) ) ) )
Output:
: (bullsAndCows)
Guessing 4217
How many bulls and cows? 0 2
Guessing 5762
How many bulls and cows? 1 1
Guessing 9372
How many bulls and cows? 0 1
Guessing 7864
How many bulls and cows? 1 2
Guessing 8754
How many bulls and cows? 0 2
-> "The answer is 2468"
Prolog
Works with SWI-Prolog. Use of library clfd written by '''Markus Triska'''.
There is no algorithm. We explain to Prolog the constraints on the numbers according to the previous guesses and we let Prolog decides of the next guess.
The IA :
:- module('ia.pl', [tirage/1]).
:- use_module(library(clpfd)).
% to store the previous guesses and the answers
:- dynamic guess/2.
% parameters of the engine
% length of the guess
proposition(4).
% Numbers of digits
% 0 -> 8
digits(8).
% tirage(-)
tirage(Ms) :-
% are there previous guesses ?
( bagof([P, R], guess(P,R), Propositions)
-> tirage(Propositions, Ms)
; % First try
tirage_1(Ms)),
!.
% tirage_1(-)
% We choose the first Len numbers
tirage_1(L):-
proposition(Len),
Max is Len-1,
numlist(0, Max, L).
% tirage(+,-)
tirage(L, Ms) :-
proposition(Len),
length(Ms, Len),
digits(Digits),
% The guess contains only this numbers
Ms ins 0..Digits,
all_different(Ms),
% post the constraints
maplist(placees(Ms), L),
% compute a possible solution
label(Ms).
% placees(+, +])
placees(Sol, [Prop, [BP, MP]]) :-
V #= 0,
% compute the numbers of digits in good places
compte_bien_placees(Sol, Prop, V, BP1),
BP1 #= BP,
% compute the numbers of digits inbad places
compte_mal_placees(Sol, Prop, 0, V, MP1),
MP1 #= MP.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% compte_mal_placees(+, +, +, +, -).
% @arg1 : guess to create
% @arg2 : guess already used
% @arg3 : range of the first digit of the previuos arg
% @arg4 : current counter of the digit in bad places
% @arg5 : final counter of the digit in bad places
%
%
compte_mal_placees(_, [], _, MP, MP).
compte_mal_placees(Sol, [H | T], N, MPC, MPF) :-
compte_une_mal_placee(H, N, Sol, 0, 0, VF),
MPC1 #= MPC + VF,
N1 is N+1,
compte_mal_placees(Sol, T, N1, MPC1, MPF).
% Here we check one digit of an already done guess
% compte_une_mal_placee(+, +, +, +, -).
% @arg1 : the digit
% @arg2 : range of this digit
% @arg3 : guess to create
% we check each digit of this guess
% @arg4 : range of the digit of this guess
% @arg5 : current counter of the digit in bad places
% @arg6 : final counter of the digit in bad places
%
compte_une_mal_placee(_H, _N, [], _, TT, TT).
% digit in the same range, continue
compte_une_mal_placee(H, NH, [_H1 | T], NH, TTC, TTF) :-
NH1 is NH + 1, !,
compte_une_mal_placee(H, NH, T, NH1, TTC, TTF).
% same digit in different places
% increment the counter and continue continue
compte_une_mal_placee(H, NH, [H1 | T], NH1, TTC, TTF) :-
H #= H1,
NH \= NH1,
NH2 is NH1 + 1,
TTC1 #= TTC + 1,
compte_une_mal_placee(H, NH, T, NH2, TTC1, TTF).
compte_une_mal_placee(H, NH, [H1 | T], NH1, TTC, TTF) :-
H #\= H1,
NH2 is NH1 + 1,
compte_une_mal_placee(H, NH, T, NH2, TTC, TTF).
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% compte_bien_placees(+, +, +, -)
% @arg1 : guess to create
% @arg2 : previous guess
% @arg3 : current counter of the digit in good places
% @arg4 : final counter of the digit in good places
%
%
compte_bien_placees([], [], MP, MP).
compte_bien_placees([H | T], [H1 | T1], MPC, MPF) :-
H #= H1,
MPC1 #= MPC + 1,
compte_bien_placees(T, T1, MPC1, MPF).
compte_bien_placees([H | T], [H1 | T1], MPC, MPF) :-
H #\= H1,
compte_bien_placees(T, T1, MPC, MPF).
The code to play :
bulls_and_cows :-
retractall('ia.pl':guess(_,_)),
retractall(coups(_)),
assert(coups(1)),
repeat,
( tirage(Ms)
-> maplist(add_1, Ms, Ms1),
atomic_list_concat(Ms1, Guess),
retract(coups(Coup)),
Coup_1 is Coup + 1,
assert(coups(Coup_1)),
format('~w My guess ~w~n', [Coup, Guess]),
write('Bulls : '), read(Bulls),
write('Cows : '), read(Cows), nl,
assert('ia.pl':guess(Ms, [Bulls, Cows])),
Bulls = 4
; writeln('Sorry, I can''t find a solution !'), true).
add_1(X, Y) :-
Y is X + 1.
A game :
?- bulls_and_cows.
1 My guess 1234
Bulls : 0.
Cows : 0.
2 My guess 5678
Bulls : 1.
Cows : 2.
3 My guess 5769
Bulls : 0.
Cows : 3.
4 My guess 8695
Bulls : 0.
Cows : 3.
5 My guess 9876
Bulls : 4.
Cows : 0.
true .
PureBasic
#answerSize = 4
Structure history
answer.s
bulls.i
cows.i
EndStructure
Procedure evaluateGuesses(*answer.history, List remainingGuesses.s())
Protected i, cows, bulls
ForEach remainingGuesses()
bulls = 0: cows = 0
For i = 1 To #answerSize
If Mid(remainingGuesses(), i, 1) = Mid(*answer\answer, i, 1)
bulls + 1
ElseIf FindString(remainingGuesses(), Mid(*answer\answer, i, 1), 1)
cows + 1
EndIf
Next
If bulls <> *answer\bulls Or cows <> *answer\cows
DeleteElement(remainingGuesses())
EndIf
Next
EndProcedure
Procedure findPermutations(List permutations.s(), elementChar.s, permSize)
Protected i, j, stackDepth, elementCount = Len(elementChar) - 1, working.s = Space(permSize), *working = @working
permSize - 1
Dim stack(permSize) ;holds index states
Dim elements(elementCount)
Dim elementChar.c(elementCount)
For i = 0 To elementCount
elementChar(i) = PeekC(@elementChar + i * SizeOf(Character))
Next
i = 0
Repeat
While i <= elementCount
If elements(i) = 0
stack(stackDepth) = i
If stackDepth = permSize
For j = 0 To permSize
PokeC(*working + j * SizeOf(Character), elementChar(stack(j)))
Next
AddElement(permutations())
permutations() = working
Else
elements(i) = 1
stackDepth + 1
i = 0
Continue ;skip update
EndIf
EndIf
i + 1
Wend
stackDepth - 1
If stackDepth < 0
Break
EndIf
i = stack(stackDepth) + 1
elements(i - 1) = 0
ForEver
EndProcedure
If OpenConsole()
Define guess.s, guessNum, score.s, delimeter.s
NewList remainingGuesses.s()
NewList answer.history()
findPermutations(remainingGuesses(), "123456789", 4)
PrintN("Playing Bulls & Cows with " + Str(#answerSize) + " unique digits." + #CRLF$)
Repeat
If ListSize(remainingGuesses()) = 0
If answer()\bulls = #answerSize And answer()\cows = 0
PrintN(#CRLF$ + "Solved!")
Break ;exit Repeat/Forever
EndIf
PrintN(#CRLF$ + "BadScoring! Nothing fits the scores you gave.")
ForEach answer()
PrintN(answer()\answer + " -> [" + Str(answer()\bulls) + ", " + Str(answer()\cows) + "]")
Next
Break ;exit Repeat/Forever
Else
guessNum + 1
SelectElement(remainingGuesses(), Random(ListSize(remainingGuesses()) - 1))
guess = remainingGuesses()
DeleteElement(remainingGuesses())
Print("Guess #" + Str(guessNum) + " is " + guess + ". What does it score (bulls, cows)?")
score = Input()
If CountString(score, ",") > 0: delimeter = ",": Else: delimeter = " ": EndIf
AddElement(answer())
answer()\answer = guess
answer()\bulls = Val(StringField(score, 1, delimeter))
answer()\cows = Val(StringField(score, 2, delimeter))
evaluateGuesses(@answer(), remainingGuesses())
EndIf
ForEver
Print(#CRLF$ + #CRLF$ + "Press ENTER to exit"): Input()
CloseConsole()
EndIf
Sample output:
Playing Bulls & Cows with 4 unique digits.
Guess #1 is 6273. What does it score (bulls, cows)?0,2
Guess #2 is 7694. What does it score (bulls, cows)?0,2
Guess #3 is 9826. What does it score (bulls, cows)?0,3
Guess #4 is 2569. What does it score (bulls, cows)?2,0
Guess #5 is 2468. What does it score (bulls, cows)?4,0
Solved!
Press ENTER to exit
Python
from itertools import permutations from random import shuffle try: raw_input except: raw_input = input try: from itertools import izip except: izip = zip digits = '123456789' size = 4 def parse_score(score): score = score.strip().split(',') return tuple(int(s.strip()) for s in score) def scorecalc(guess, chosen): bulls = cows = 0 for g,c in izip(guess, chosen): if g == c: bulls += 1 elif g in chosen: cows += 1 return bulls, cows choices = list(permutations(digits, size)) shuffle(choices) answers = [] scores = [] print ("Playing Bulls & Cows with %i unique digits\n" % size) while True: ans = choices[0] answers.append(ans) #print ("(Narrowed to %i possibilities)" % len(choices)) score = raw_input("Guess %2i is %*s. Answer (Bulls, cows)? " % (len(answers), size, ''.join(ans))) score = parse_score(score) scores.append(score) #print("Bulls: %i, Cows: %i" % score) found = score == (size, 0) if found: print ("Ye-haw!") break choices = [c for c in choices if scorecalc(c, ans) == score] if not choices: print ("Bad scoring? nothing fits those scores you gave:") print (' ' + '\n '.join("%s -> %s" % (''.join(an),sc) for an,sc in izip(answers, scores))) break
'''Sample output'''
Playing Bulls & Cows with 4 unique digits
Guess 1 is 1935. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 0,2
Guess 2 is 4169. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 0,3
Guess 3 is 6413. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 1,1
Guess 4 is 9612. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 1,1
Guess 5 is 9481. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 3,0
Guess 6 is 9471. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 4,0
Ye-haw!
'''Sample bad output'''
If the scores are inconsistent you get output like:
Playing Bulls & Cows with 4 unique digits
Guess 1 is 1549. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 0,0
Guess 2 is 3627. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 1,0
Bad scoring? nothing fits those scores you gave:
1549 -> (0, 0)
3627 -> (1, 0)
Racket
Generate the list of possible choices. Each choice is represented as list of 4 numbers.
#lang racket/base
(require racket/string
racket/list)
(define (permutations-getall items size)
(if (zero? size)
'(())
(for/list ([tail (in-list (permutations-getall items (- size 1)))]
#:when #t
[i (in-list items)]
#:unless (member i tail))
(cons i tail))))
(define digits (list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9))
(define size 4)
(define all-choices (shuffle (permutations-getall digits size)))
(define (listnum->string list)
(apply string-append (map number->string list)))
Now define some auxiliary functions to parse the user input (with a minimum error checking) and calculate the score of another possible guess.
(define (parse-score score)
(if (string? score)
(let ([splited-score (string-split score ",")])
(if (= (length (string-split score ",")) 2)
(apply values (map (lambda (s) (string->number (string-trim s))) splited-score))
(values #f #f)))
(values #f #f)))
(define (calculate-score guess chosen)
(define (in-chosen x) (member x chosen))
(let ([bulls (count = guess chosen)]
[cows+bulls (count in-chosen guess)])
(values bulls (- cows+bulls bulls))))
Main part of the game.
(printf "Playing Bulls & Cows with ~a unique digits\n" size)
(let loop ([choices all-choices] [num 1])
(if (null? choices)
(printf "Bad scoring! nothing fits those scores you gave.")
(let ([guess (car choices)])
#;(printf "(Narrowed to ~a possibilities)\n" (length choices))
(printf "Guess #~a is ~a. Answer: Bulls, Cows? " num (listnum->string guess))
(let-values ([(bulls cows) (parse-score (read-line))])
;parse-score returns (#f #f) on errors
(if (and bulls cows)
(begin
(printf "Bulls: ~a, Cows: ~a\n" bulls cows)
(if (and (= bulls size) (= cows 0))
(printf "Ye-haw!")
(let ()
(define (equal-score? chosen)
(let-values ([(c-bulls c-cows) (calculate-score guess chosen)])
(and (= c-bulls bulls) (= c-cows cows))))
(loop (filter equal-score? choices) (+ num 1)))))
(begin
(printf "Sorry, I didn't understand that. Please try again.\n")
(loop choices num)))))))
'''Sample Output:'''
Playing Bulls & Cows with 4 unique digits
Guess #1 is 3958. Answer: Bulls, Cows? 0,1
Bulls: 0, Cows: 1
Guess #2 is 1364. Answer: Bulls, Cows? bad
Sorry, I didn't understand that. Please try again.
Guess #2 is 1364. Answer: Bulls, Cows? 2,1
Bulls: 2, Cows: 1
Guess #3 is 4362. Answer: Bulls, Cows? 0,3
Bulls: 0, Cows: 3
Guess #4 is 1234. Answer: Bulls, Cows? 4,0
Bulls: 4, Cows: 0
Ye-haw!
'''Sample Output: Wrong scoring'''
Playing Bulls & Cows with 4 unique digits
Guess #1 is 7189. Answer: Bulls, Cows? 0,0
Bulls: 0, Cows: 0
Guess #2 is 2453. Answer: Bulls, Cows? 1,0
Bulls: 1, Cows: 0
Bad scoring! nothing fits those scores you gave.
REXX
About a third of the REXX program deals with presentation and/or validation of answers.
/*REXX program plays the Bulls & Cows game with CBLFs (Carbon Based Life Forms). */
parse arg ? .; if datatype(?,'W') then call random ,,? /*Random seed? Make repeatable*/
L=1234; H=9876; call gen@ /*generate all possibilities. */
do forever; g=random(L,H); if @.g\==. then leave /*obtain a random 1st guess. */
end /*forever*/ /* [↑] obtain rand 1st guess.*/
$$1= '───── How many bulls and cows were guessed with '; $$2=" ? [─── or QUIT]"
do until #()<2 | bull==4; say; call ask /*examine @ list; get answer.*/
do ?=L to H; if @.?==. then iterate /*is this already eliminated ?*/
call bull# ?,g /*obtain bulls and cows count.*/
if bull\==bulls | cow\==cows then @.?=. /*eliminate this possibility. */
end /*?*/
end /*until*/
if #==0 then do; call serr "At least one of your responses was invalid."; exit; end
say; say " ╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════╗"
say " ║ ║"
say " ║ Your secret Bulls and Cows number is: " g " ║"
say " ║ ║"
say " ╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════╝"; say
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
#: #=0; do k=L to H; if @.k==. then iterate; #=#+1; g=k; end; return #
gen@: @.=.; do j=L to H; if \rep() & pos(0, j)==0 then @.j=j; end; return
rep: do k=1 for 3; if pos(substr(j, k, 1), j, k+1)\==0 then return 1; end; return 0
serr: say; say '───── ***error*** ' ! arg(1); return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
bull#: parse arg n,q; w=length(n); bulls=0 /*W: # digits in N; bull cntr=0 */
do j=1 for w; if substr(n, j, 1) \== substr(q, j, 1) then iterate
bulls=bulls+1; q=overlay(., q, j) /*bump counter; disallow for cow*/
end /*j*/ /* [↑] bull count═══════════════*/
cows=0 /*set the number of cows to zero.*/
do k=1 for w; _=substr(n, k, 1); if pos(_, q)==0 then iterate
cows=cows + 1; q=translate(q, , _) /*bump counter; allow multiple #*/
end /*k*/ /* [↑] cow count═══════════════*/
return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
ask: do forever; say $$1 g $$2; pull x 1 bull cow . /*display prompt; obtain answer.*/
select /* [↑] PULL capitalizes the args*/
when abbrev('QUIT', x, 1) then exit /*the user wants to quit playing.*/
when bull == '' then != "no numbers were entered."
when cow == '' then != "not enough numbers were entered."
when words(x) > 2 then != "too many numbers entered: " x
when \datatype(bull, 'W') then != "1st number (bulls) not an integer: " bull
when \datatype(cow , 'W') then != "2nd number (cows) not an integer: " cow
when bull <0 | bull >4 then != "1st number (bulls) not 0 ──► 4: " bull
when cow <0 | cow >4 then != "2nd number (cows) not 0 ──► 4: " cow
when bull + cow > 4 then != "sum of bulls and cows can't be > 4: " x
otherwise !=
end /*select*/
if !\=='' then do; call serr; iterate; end /*prompt the user and try again. */
bull=bull/1; cow=cow/1; return /*normalize bulls & cows numbers.*/
end /*forever*/
Ring
# Project : Bulls and cows/Player
secret = ""
while len(secret) != 4
c = char(48 + random(9))
if substr(secret, c) = 0
secret = secret + c
ok
end
see "secret = " + secret + nl
possible = ""
for i = 1234 to 9876
possible = possible + string(i)
next
see "guess a four-digit number with no digit used twice." + nl
guesses = 0
while true
bulls = 0
cows = 0
if len(possible) = 4
guess = possible
else
guess = substr(possible, 4*random(len(possible) / 4) - 3, 4)
ok
see "computer guesses " + guess + nl
guesses = guesses + 1
if guess = secret
see "correctly guessed after " + guesses + " guesses!" + nl
exit
ok
if len(guess) = 4
count(secret, guess, bulls, cows)
ok
i = 1
testbulls = 0
testcows = 0
while i <= len(possible)
temp = substr(possible, i, 4)
if len(guess) = 4
count(temp, guess, testbulls, testcows)
ok
if bulls=testbulls
if cows=testcows
i = i + 4
ok
else
possible = left(possible, i-1) + substr(possible, i+4)
ok
end
if substr(possible, secret) = 0
exit
ok
end
func count(secret, guess, bulls, cows)
bulls = 0
cows = 0
for nr = 1 to 4
c = secret[nr]
if guess != 0
if guess[nr] = c
bulls = bulls + 1
if substr(guess, c) > 0
cows = cows + 1
ok
ok
ok
next
see "giving " + bulls + " bull(s) and " + cows + " cow(s)." + nl
return [bulls, cows]
Ruby
Ruby Version 1.9+
size = 4 scores = [] guesses = [] puts "Playing Bulls & Cows with #{size} unique digits." possible_guesses = [*'1'..'9'].permutation(size).to_a.shuffle loop do guesses << current_guess = possible_guesses.pop print "Guess #{guesses.size} is #{current_guess.join}. Answer (bulls,cows)? " scores << score = gets.split(',').map(&:to_i) # handle win break (puts "Yeah!") if score == [size,0] # filter possible guesses possible_guesses.select! do |guess| bulls = guess.zip(current_guess).count{|g,cg| g == cg} cows = size - (guess - current_guess).size - bulls [bulls, cows] == score end # handle 'no possible guesses left' if possible_guesses.empty? puts "Error in scoring?" guesses.zip(scores).each{|g, (b, c)| puts "#{g.join} => bulls #{b} cows #{c}"} break end end
'''Regular output'''
Playing Bulls & Cows with 4 unique digits.
Guess 1 is 7158. Answer (bulls,cows)? 0,1
Guess 2 is 6843. Answer (bulls,cows)? 0,2
Guess 3 is 1439. Answer (bulls,cows)? 2,1
Guess 4 is 3479. Answer (bulls,cows)? 0,2
Guess 5 is 1234. Answer (bulls,cows)? 4,0
Yeah!
'''Wrong scoring'''
Playing Bulls & Cows with 4 unique digits.
Guess 1 is 2857. Answer (bulls,cows)? 0,0
Guess 2 is 6419. Answer (bulls,cows)? 1,0
Error in scoring?
2857 => bulls 0 cows 0
6419 => bulls 1 cows 0
Scala
def allCombinations: Seq[List[Byte]] = { (0 to 9).map(_.byteValue).toList.combinations(4).toList.flatMap(_.permutations) } def nextGuess(possible: Seq[List[Byte]]): List[Byte] = possible match { case Nil => throw new IllegalStateException case List(only) => only case _ => possible(Random.nextInt(possible.size)) } def doGuess(guess: List[Byte]): Pair[Int, Int] = { println("My guess is " + guess); val arr = readLine().split(' ').map(Integer.valueOf(_)) (arr(0), arr(1)) } def testGuess(alt: List[Byte], guess: List[Byte]): Pair[Int, Int] = { val bulls =alt.zip(guess).filter(p => p._1 == p._2).size val cows = guess.filter(alt.contains(_)).size - bulls (bulls, cows) } def play(possible: Seq[List[Byte]]): List[Byte] = { val curGuess = nextGuess(possible) val bc = doGuess(curGuess) if (bc._1 == 4) { println("Ye-haw!"); curGuess } else play(possible.filter(p => testGuess(p, curGuess) == bc)) } def main(args: Array[String]) { play(allCombinations) }
{{out}}
My guess is List(5, 8, 2, 7)
0 1
My guess is List(1, 0, 8, 9)
1 0
My guess is List(7, 0, 4, 3)
0 2
My guess is List(4, 5, 3, 9)
1 1
My guess is List(6, 3, 7, 9)
0 1
My guess is List(1, 2, 3, 4)
4 0
Ye-haw!
Sidef
# Build a list of all possible solutions. The regular expression weeds # out numbers containing zeroes or repeated digits. var candidates = (1234..9876 -> grep {|n| !("#{n}" =~ /0 | (\d) .*? \1 /x) }.map{.digits}); # Repeatedly prompt for input until the user supplies a reasonable score. # The regex validates the user's input and then returns two numbers. func read_score(guess) { loop { "My guess: %s (from %d possibilities)\n" \ -> printf(guess.join, candidates.len); if (var m = (Sys.scanln("bulls cows: ") =~ /^\h*(\d)\h*(\d)\h*$/)) { var (bulls, cows) = m.cap.map{.to_i}...; bulls+cows <= 4 && return(bulls, cows); } say "Please specify the number of bulls and the number of cows"; } } func score_correct(a, b, bulls, cows) { var (exact, loose) = (0, 0); for i in ^4 { a[i] == b[i] ? ++exact : (a[i]~~b && ++loose) } (bulls == exact) && (cows == loose) } # Pick a number, display it, get the score, and discard candidates # that don't match the score: loop { var guess = candidates.pick; var (bulls, cows) = read_score(guess); candidates.grep!{|n| score_correct(n, guess, bulls, cows) } candidates.len > 1 || break } # Print the secret number or the error message ( candidates.len == 1 ? ("Your secret number is: %d" % candidates[0].join) : ("I think you made a mistake with your scoring") )->say
'''Output:'''
My guess: 7432 (from 3024 possibilities)
bulls cows: 0 1
My guess: 9216 (from 720 possibilities)
bulls cows: 1 1
My guess: 6813 (from 128 possibilities)
bulls cows: 0 1
My guess: 9157 (from 24 possibilities)
bulls cows: 1 3
Your secret number is: 9571
Tcl
{{trans|Python}} {{tcllib|struct::list}} {{tcllib|struct::set}}
package require struct::list package require struct::set proc scorecalc {guess chosen} { set bulls 0 set cows 0 foreach g $guess c $chosen { if {$g eq $c} { incr bulls } elseif {$g in $chosen} { incr cows } } return [list $bulls $cows] } # Allow override on command line set size [expr {$argc ? int($argv) : 4}] set choices {} struct::list foreachperm p [split 123456789 ""] { struct::set include choices [lrange $p 1 $size] } set answers {} set scores {} puts "Playing Bulls & Cows with $size unique digits\n" fconfigure stdout -buffering none while 1 { set ans [lindex $choices [expr {int(rand()*[llength $choices])}]] lappend answers $ans puts -nonewline \ "Guess [llength $answers] is [join $ans {}]. Answer (Bulls, cows)? " set score [scan [gets stdin] %d,%d] lappend scores $score if {$score eq {$size 0}} { puts "Ye-haw!" break } foreach c $choices[set choices {}] { if {[scorecalc $c $ans] eq $score} { lappend choices $c } } if {![llength $choices]} { puts "Bad scoring? nothing fits those scores you gave:" foreach a $answers s $scores { puts " [join $a {}] -> ([lindex $s 0], [lindex $s 1])" } break } }
'''Sample Output'''
Playing Bulls & Cows with 4 unique digits
Guess 1 is 8527. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 0,1
Guess 2 is 5143. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 0,2
Guess 3 is 9456. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 2,0
Guess 4 is 9412. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 2,1
Guess 5 is 9481. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 3,0
Guess 6 is 9471. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 4,0
Ye-haw!
'''Sample Bad Output'''
Playing Bulls & Cows with 4 unique digits
Guess 1 is 6578. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 0,0
Guess 2 is 3241. Answer (Bulls, cows)? 1,0
Bad scoring? nothing fits those scores you gave:
6578 -> (0, 0)
3241 -> (1, 0)
VBA
Option Explicit
Sub Main_Bulls_And_Cows_Player()
Dim collSoluces As New Collection, Elem As Variant, Soluce As String
Dim strNumber As String, cpt As Byte, p As Byte
Dim i As Byte, Bulls() As Boolean, NbBulls As Byte, Cows As Byte, Poss As Long
Const NUMBER_OF_DIGITS As Byte = 4
strNumber = CreateNb(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS)
Debug.Print "TOSS : " & StrConv(strNumber, vbUnicode)
Debug.Print "---------- START ------------"
Set collSoluces = CollOfPossibleNumbers
Poss = collSoluces.Count
For Each Elem In collSoluces
'Debug.Print "Number of possibilities : " & Poss
Debug.Print "Attempt : " & StrConv(Elem, vbUnicode)
NbBulls = 0: Soluce = Elem
ReDim Bulls(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS - 1)
For i = 1 To NUMBER_OF_DIGITS
If IsBull(strNumber, Mid(Elem, i, 1), i) Then
Bulls(i - 1) = True: NbBulls = NbBulls + 1
RemoveIfNotBull collSoluces, Mid(Elem, i, 1), i
End If
Next i
Cows = 0
For i = 1 To NUMBER_OF_DIGITS
If Not Bulls(i - 1) Then
If IsCow(collSoluces, strNumber, Mid(Elem, i, 1), p) Then
If Not Bulls(p - 1) Then Cows = Cows + 1
End If
End If
Next i
Poss = collSoluces.Count
Debug.Print "Bulls : " & NbBulls & ", Cows : " & Cows
If Poss = 1 Then Exit For
Next
Debug.Print "---------- THE END ------------"
Debug.Print "TOSS WAS : " & StrConv(strNumber, vbUnicode) & " We found : " & StrConv(Soluce, vbUnicode)
End Sub
Function CreateNb(NbDigits As Byte) As String
Dim myColl As New Collection
Dim strTemp As String
Dim bytAlea As Byte
Randomize
Do
bytAlea = Int((Rnd * 9) + 1)
On Error Resume Next
myColl.Add CStr(bytAlea), CStr(bytAlea)
If Err <> 0 Then
On Error GoTo 0
Else
strTemp = strTemp & CStr(bytAlea)
End If
Loop While Len(strTemp) < NbDigits
CreateNb = strTemp
End Function
Function CollOfPossibleNumbers() As Collection
Dim TempColl As New Collection
Dim x As String
Dim i As Long
Dim Flag As Boolean
Dim b As Byte
For i = 1234 To 9876
Flag = False
For b = 1 To 4
x = CStr(i)
If Len(Replace(x, Mid(x, b, 1), "")) < 3 Then
Flag = True: Exit For
End If
Next
If Not Flag Then TempColl.Add x, x
Next i
Set CollOfPossibleNumbers = TempColl
End Function
Function IsBull(strgNb As String, Digit As String, place As Byte) As Boolean
IsBull = (Mid(strgNb, place, 1) = Digit)
End Function
Function IsCow(C As Collection, strgNb As String, Digit As String, place As Byte) As Boolean
If (InStr(strgNb, Digit) > 0) Then
IsCow = True: place = InStr(strgNb, Digit)
RemoveIfNotCow C, Digit
End If
End Function
Sub RemoveIfNotBull(C As Collection, Digit As String, place As Byte)
Dim E As Variant
For Each E In C
If Mid(E, place, 1) <> Digit Then C.Remove E
Next
End Sub
Sub RemoveIfNotCow(C As Collection, Digit As String)
Dim E As Variant
For Each E In C
If (InStr(E, Digit) = 0) Then C.Remove E
Next
End Sub
{{out}}
TOSS : 9 2 4 7
---------- START ------------
Attempt : 1 2 3 4
Bulls : 1, Cows : 1
Attempt : 1 2 4 0
Bulls : 2, Cows : 0
Attempt : 1 2 4 3
Bulls : 2, Cows : 0
Attempt : 1 2 4 5
Bulls : 2, Cows : 0
Attempt : 1 2 4 6
Bulls : 2, Cows : 0
Attempt : 1 2 4 7
Bulls : 3, Cows : 0
Attempt : 3 2 4 7
Bulls : 3, Cows : 0
Attempt : 5 2 4 7
Bulls : 3, Cows : 0
Attempt : 6 2 4 7
Bulls : 3, Cows : 0
Attempt : 8 2 4 7
Bulls : 3, Cows : 0
Attempt : 9 2 4 7
Bulls : 4, Cows : 0
---------- THE END ------------
TOSS WAS : 9 2 4 7 We found : 9 2 4 7
Yabasic
{{trans|Liberty BASIC}}
clear screen
guesses = 0
void = ran()
while(len(secret$) < 4) // zero not allowed
n$ = chr$(int(ran(1) * 9) + 49)
if not(instr(secret$, n$)) secret$ = secret$ + n$
wend
print " Secretly, my opponent just chose a number. But she didn't tell anyone!\n\t\t\t\t", secret$, "."
print " I can however be given a score for my guesses."
for i = 1234 to 9876
if check(str$(i)) = 0 then
available$ = available$ + " " + str$(i)
k = k +1
end if
next i
available$ = trim$(available$) // remove the surplus, leading space
while(true)
print
print "Currently holding ", k, " possible numbers. "
guess$ =word$(available$, 1 + int(k * ran(1)), " ")
print "Computer guessed ", guess$, " & got ";
bulls = 0
cows = 0
guesses = guesses + 1
r$ = score$(guess$, secret$)
bulls = val(word$(r$, 1, ","))
cows = val(word$(r$, 2, ","))
print bulls, " bull(s), and ", cows, " cow(s)."
if guess$ = secret$ then
print "\nComputer won after ", guesses, " guesses!";
print " That took ", right$(time$, 1), " seconds. ENDED!"
break
end if
kk = 0
new$ = ""
for j = 1 to k
bullsT = 0
cowsT = 0
possible$ = word$(available$, j, " ")
r$ = score$(guess$, possible$)
bullsT = val(word$(r$, 1, ","))
cowsT = val(word$(r$, 2, ","))
if (bullsT = bulls) and ( cowsT = cows) then
new$ = new$ + " " + possible$ // keep those with same score
kk = kk + 1
end if
next j
available$ = trim$(new$)
k = kk
wend
sub score$(a$, b$) // return as a csv string the number of bulls & cows.
local i, c$, bulls, cows
bulls = 0 : cows = 0
for i = 1 to 4
c$ = mid$(a$, i, 1)
if mid$(b$, i, 1) = c$ then
bulls = bulls + 1
else
if (instr(b$, c$) <> 0) and (instr(b$, c$) <> i) cows = cows + 1
end if
next i
return str$(bulls) + "," + str$(cows)
end sub
sub check(i$)
local t, i, j
t = 0 // zero flags available: 1 means not available
for i = 1 to 3
for j = i + 1 to 4
if mid$(i$, i, 1) = mid$(i$, j, 1) t = 1
next j
next i
if instr(i$, "0") t = 1
return t
end sub
sub word$(l$, i, d$)
local c$(1), n
n = token(l$, c$(), d$)
return c$(i)
end sub
zkl
{{trans|D}}
d9:="123456789";
choices:=Walker.cproduct(d9,d9,d9,d9).pump(List,// lazy,-->3024, order is important
fcn(list){ s:=list.concat(); (s.unique().len()==4) and s or Void.Skip });
do{
guess:=choices[(0).random(choices.len())];
score:=ask("My guess is %s. How many bulls and cows? ".fmt(guess)).strip();
bulls,cows:=score.split("").apply("toInt"); // "12"-->(1,2)
choices=choices.filter('wrap(c){
bulls==c.zipWith('==,guess).sum(0) and // 0 + True == 1
cows ==c.zipWith('wrap(a,b){ a!=b and guess.holds(a) },guess).sum(0)
});
}while(choices.len()>1);
if(not choices) "Nothing fits the scores you gave.".println();
else "Solution found: ".println(choices[0]);
{{out}}
My guess is 1842. How many bulls and cows? 12
My guess is 7824. How many bulls and cows? 11
My guess is 1425. How many bulls and cows? 12
My guess is 1294. How many bulls and cows? 30
My guess is 1264. How many bulls and cows? 30
Solution found: 1234
{{omit from|GUISS}}