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This means it might contain formatting issues, incorrect code, conceptual problems, or other severe issues.
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{{task|Games}} [[Category:Puzzles]] [[Category:Games]]
[[wp:Bulls and Cows|Bulls and Cows]] is an old game played with pencil and paper that was later implemented using computers.
;Task: Create a four digit random number from the digits '''1''' to '''9''', without duplication.
The program should: ::::::* ask for guesses to this number ::::::* reject guesses that are malformed ::::::* print the score for the guess
The score is computed as:
The player wins if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number, and the program ends.
A score of one '''bull''' is accumulated for each digit in the guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.
A score of one '''cow''' is accumulated for each digit in the guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.
;Related tasks:
- [[Bulls and cows/Player]]
- [[Guess the number]]
- [[Guess the number/With Feedback]]
- [[Mastermind]]
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random;
procedure Bulls_And_Cows is
package Random_Natural is new Ada.Numerics.Discrete_Random (Natural);
Number : String (1..4);
begin
declare -- Generation of number
use Random_Natural;
Digit : String := "123456789";
Size : Positive := 9;
Dice : Generator;
Position : Natural;
begin
Reset (Dice);
for I in Number'Range loop
Position := Random (Dice) mod Size + 1;
Number (I) := Digit (Position);
Digit (Position..Size - 1) := Digit (Position + 1..Size);
Size := Size - 1;
end loop;
end;
loop -- Guessing loop
Put ("Enter four digits:");
declare
Guess : String := Get_Line;
Bulls : Natural := 0;
Cows : Natural := 0;
begin
if Guess'Length /= 4 then
raise Data_Error;
end if;
for I in Guess'Range loop
for J in Number'Range loop
if Guess (I) not in '1'..'9' or else (I < J and then Guess (I) = Guess (J)) then
raise Data_Error;
end if;
if Number (I) = Guess (J) then
if I = J then
Bulls := Bulls + 1;
else
Cows := Cows + 1;
end if;
end if;
end loop;
end loop;
exit when Bulls = 4;
Put_Line (Integer'Image (Bulls) & " bulls," & Integer'Image (Cows) & " cows");
exception
when Data_Error => Put_Line ("You should enter four different digits 1..9");
end;
end loop;
end Bulls_And_Cows;
ALGOL 68
{{trans|Python}}
{{works with|ALGOL 68|Revision 1 - no extensions to language used}}
{{works with|ALGOL 68G|Any - tested with release [http://sourceforge.net/projects/algol68/files/algol68g/algol68g-1.18.0/algol68g-1.18.0-9h.tiny.el5.centos.fc11.i386.rpm/download 1.18.0-9h.tiny]}}
{{works with|ELLA ALGOL 68|Any (with appropriate job cards) - tested with release [http://sourceforge.net/projects/algol68/files/algol68toc/algol68toc-1.8.8d/algol68toc-1.8-8d.fc9.i386.rpm/download 1.8-8d]}}
STRING digits = "123456789";
[4]CHAR chosen;
STRING available := digits;
FOR i TO UPB chosen DO
INT c = ENTIER(random*UPB available)+1;
chosen[i] := available[c];
available := available[:c-1]+available[c+1:]
OD;
COMMENT print((chosen, new line)); # Debug # END COMMENT
OP D = (INT d)STRING: whole(d,0); # for formatting an integer #
print (("I have chosen a number from ",D UPB chosen," unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.", new line,
"You need to input a ",D UPB chosen," digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen", new line));
PRIO WITHIN = 5, NOTWITHIN = 5;
OP WITHIN = (CHAR c, []CHAR s)BOOL: char in string(c,LOC INT,s);
OP NOTWITHIN = (CHAR c, []CHAR s)BOOL: NOT ( c WITHIN s );
INT guesses := 0, bulls, cows;
WHILE
STRING guess;
guesses +:= 1;
WHILE
# get a good guess #
print((new line,"Next guess [",D guesses,"]: "));
read((guess, new line));
IF UPB guess NE UPB chosen THEN
FALSE
ELSE
BOOL ok;
FOR i TO UPB guess WHILE
ok := guess[i] WITHIN digits AND guess[i] NOTWITHIN guess[i+1:]
DO SKIP OD;
NOT ok
FI
DO
print(("Problem, try again. You need to enter ",D UPB chosen," unique digits from 1 to 9", new line))
OD;
# WHILE #
guess NE chosen
DO
bulls := cows := 0;
FOR i TO UPB chosen DO
IF guess[i] = chosen[i] THEN
bulls +:= 1
ELIF guess[i] WITHIN chosen THEN
cows +:= 1
FI
OD;
print((" ",D bulls," Bulls",new line," ",D cows," Cows"))
OD;
print((new line, "Congratulations you guessed correctly in ",D guesses," attempts.",new line))
Output:
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen
Next guess [1]:
AppleScript
GUI implementation; the prompt for a guess includes a list of all past guesses and their scores.
on pickNumber() set theNumber to "" repeat 4 times set theDigit to (random number from 1 to 9) as string repeat while (offset of theDigit in theNumber) > 0 set theDigit to (random number from 1 to 9) as string end repeat set theNumber to theNumber & theDigit end repeat end pickNumber to bulls of theGuess given key:theKey set bullCount to 0 repeat with theIndex from 1 to 4 if text theIndex of theGuess = text theIndex of theKey then set bullCount to bullCount + 1 end if end repeat return bullCount end bulls to cows of theGuess given key:theKey, bulls:bullCount set cowCount to -bullCount repeat with theIndex from 1 to 4 if (offset of (text theIndex of theKey) in theGuess) > 0 then set cowCount to cowCount + 1 end if end repeat return cowCount end cows to score of theGuess given key:theKey set bullCount to bulls of theGuess given key:theKey set cowCount to cows of theGuess given key:theKey, bulls:bullCount return {bulls:bullCount, cows:cowCount} end score on run set theNumber to pickNumber() set pastGuesses to {} repeat set theMessage to "" repeat with aGuess in pastGuesses set {theGuess, theResult} to aGuess set theMessage to theMessage & theGuess & ":" & bulls of theResult & "B, " & cows of theResult & "C" & linefeed end repeat set theMessage to theMessage & linefeed & "Enter guess:" set theGuess to text returned of (display dialog theMessage with title "Bulls and Cows" default answer "") set theScore to score of theGuess given key:theNumber if bulls of theScore is 4 then display dialog "Correct! Found the secret in " & ((length of pastGuesses) + 1) & " guesses!" exit repeat else set end of pastGuesses to {theGuess, theScore} end if end repeat end run
AutoHotkey
length:=4, Code:="" ; settings
While StrLen(Code) < length {
Random, num, 1, 9
If !InStr(Code, num)
Code .= num
}
Gui, Add, Text, w83 vInfo, I'm thinking of a %length%-digit number with no duplicate digits.
Gui, Add, Edit, wp vGuess, Enter a guess...
Gui, Add, Button, wp Default vDefault, Submit
Gui, Add, Edit, ym w130 r8 vHistory ReadOnly
Gui, Show
Return
ButtonSubmit:
If Default = Restart
Reload
Gui, Submit, NoHide
If (StrLen(Guess) != length)
GuiControl, , Info, Enter a %length%-digit number.
Else If Guess is not digit
GuiControl, , Info, Enter a %length%-digit number.
Else
{
GuiControl, , Info
GuiControl, , Guess
If (Guess = Code)
{
GuiControl, , Info, Correct!
GuiControl, , Default, Restart
Default = Restart
}
response := Response(Guess, Code)
Bulls := SubStr(response, 1, InStr(response,",")-1)
Cows := SubStr(response, InStr(response,",")+1)
GuiControl, , History, % History . Guess ": " Bulls " Bulls " Cows " Cows`n"
}
Return
GuiEscape:
GuiClose:
ExitApp
Response(Guess,Code) {
Bulls := 0, Cows := 0
Loop, % StrLen(Code)
If (SubStr(Guess, A_Index, 1) = SubStr(Code, A_Index, 1))
Bulls++
Else If (InStr(Code, SubStr(Guess, A_Index, 1)))
Cows++
Return Bulls "," Cows
}
AWK
# Usage: GAWK -f BULLS_AND_COWS.AWK
BEGIN {
srand()
secret = ""
for (i = 1; i <= 4; ) {
digit = int(9 * rand()) + 1
if (index(secret, digit) == 0) {
secret = secret digit
i++
}
}
print "Welcome to 'Bulls and Cows'!"
print "I thought of a 4-digit number."
print "Please enter your guess."
}
iswellformed($0) {
if (calcscore($0, secret)) {
exit
}
}
function iswellformed(number, i, digit) {
if (number !~ /[1-9][1-9][1-9][1-9]/) {
print "Your guess should contain 4 digits, each from 1 to 9. Try again!"
return 0
}
for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
digit = substr(number, 1, 1)
number = substr(number, 2)
if (index(number, digit) != 0) {
print "Your guess contains a digit twice. Try again!"
return 0
}
}
return 1
}
function calcscore(guess, secret, bulls, cows, i, idx) {
# Bulls = correct digits at the right position
# Cows = correct digits at the wrong position
for (i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
idx = index(secret, substr(guess, i, 1))
if (idx == i) {
bulls++
} else if (idx > 0) {
cows++
}
}
printf("Your score for this guess: Bulls = %d, Cows = %d.", bulls, cows)
if (bulls < 4) {
printf(" Try again!\n")
} else {
printf("\nCongratulations, you win!\n")
}
return bulls == 4
}
{{out}}
Welcome to 'Bulls and Cows'!
I thought of a 4-digit number.
Please enter your guess.
1234
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0, Cows = 1. Try again!
5678
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 1, Cows = 1. Try again!
9651
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 1, Cows = 1. Try again!
5729
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0, Cows = 3. Try again!
2695
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 2, Cows = 1. Try again!
2697
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 2, Cows = 2. Try again!
7692
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 4, Cows = 0.
Congratulations, you win!
BASIC
{{works with|QBasic}}
DEFINT A-Z
DIM secret AS STRING
DIM guess AS STRING
DIM c AS STRING
DIM bulls, cows, guesses, i
RANDOMIZE TIMER
DO WHILE LEN(secret) < 4
c = CHR$(INT(RND * 10) + 48)
IF INSTR(secret, c) = 0 THEN secret = secret + c
LOOP
guesses = 0
DO
INPUT "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: "; guess
guess = LTRIM$(RTRIM$(guess))
IF LEN(guess) = 0 THEN EXIT DO
IF LEN(guess) <> 4 OR VAL(guess) = 0 THEN
PRINT "** You should enter 4 numeric digits!"
GOTO looper
END IF
bulls = 0: cows = 0: guesses = guesses + 1
FOR i = 1 TO 4
c = MID$(secret, i, 1)
IF MID$(guess, i, 1) = c THEN
bulls = bulls + 1
ELSEIF INSTR(guess, c) THEN
cows = cows + 1
END IF
NEXT i
PRINT bulls; " bulls, "; cows; " cows"
IF guess = secret THEN
PRINT "You won after "; guesses; " guesses!"
EXIT DO
END IF
looper:
LOOP
=
Applesoft BASIC
=
100 D$ = "123456789"
110 FOR I = 1 TO 4
120 P = INT(RND(1) * LEN(D$)) + 1
130 N$ = N$ + MID$(D$, P, 1)
140 D$ = MID$(D$, 1, P - 1) + MID$(D$, P + 1, 8)
150 NEXT
160 PRINT "A RANDOM NUMBER HAS BEEN CREATED.
170 PRINT "THE NUMBER HAS FOUR DIGITS FROM 1 TO 9, WITHOUT DUPLICATION."
200 FOR Q = 0 TO 1 STEP 0
210 INPUT "GUESS THE NUMBER: "; G%
220 G$ = STR$(G%)
230 M = LEN(G$) <> 4 OR G% = 0
240 IF NOT M THEN FOR I = 2 TO 4 : M = MID$(G$, I, 1) = "0" : IF NOT M THEN NEXT I
250 IF NOT M THEN FOR I = 1 TO 3 : FOR J = I + 1 TO 4 : M = MID$(G$, I, 1) = MID$(G$, J, 1) : IF NOT M THEN NEXT J, I
260 IF M THEN PRINT "THE GUESS IS MALFORMED." : NEXT Q
270 B = 0
280 C = 0
300 FOR I = 1 TO 4
310 C$ = MID$(N$, I, 1)
320 BULL = MID$(G$, I, 1) = C$
330 COW = 0
340 IF NOT BULL THEN FOR J = 1 TO 4 : COW = MID$(G$, J, 1) = C$ : IF NOT COW THEN NEXT J
350 B = B + BULL
360 C = C + COW
370 NEXT I
380 PRINT B " BULLS, " C " COWS"
390 Q = G$ = N$
400 NEXT Q
=
Commodore BASIC
=
Based on the AppleSoft BASIC version. Modifications as follows:
- Accommodate 80 character BASIC line length (for line 250 especially), created subroutines.
- Booleans in Commodore BASIC evaluate to -1 for TRUE, therefore ABS function added to give desired results.
- Leading space in printed numbers (which is placeholder for negative sign) is included in string conversion in Commodore BASIC, therefore RIGHT$ function added on 220 to trim leading whitespace upon conversion.
- Other formatting (clear screen, etc.) unique to Commodore BASIC.
100 D$="123456789"
110 FOR I=1 TO 4
120 P=INT(RND(1)*LEN(D$))+1
130 N$=N$+MID$(D$,P,1)
140 D$=MID$(D$,1,P - 1)+MID$(D$,P+1,8)
150 NEXT
160 PRINT CHR$(147);"A RANDOM NUMBER HAS BEEN CREATED."
170 PRINT "THE NUMBER HAS FOUR DIGITS FROM 1 TO 9, WITHOUT DUPLICATION."
200 FOR Q=0 TO 1 STEP 0
210 INPUT "GUESS THE NUMBER: "; G%
219 REM CONVERT TO STRING AND TRIM LEADING SPACE
220 G$=RIGHT$(STR$(G%),4)
230 M=LEN(G$)<>4 OR G%=0
240 IF NOT M THEN GOSUB 600
250 IF NOT M THEN GOSUB 700
260 IF M THEN PRINT "THE GUESS IS MALFORMED.":NEXT Q
270 B=0
280 C=0
300 FOR I=1 TO 4
310 C$=MID$(N$,I,1)
320 BULL=MID$(G$,I,1)=C$
330 COW=0
340 IF NOT BULL THEN FOR J=1 TO 4:COW=MID$(G$,J,1)=C$:IF NOT COW THEN NEXT J
350 B=B+ABS(BULL)
360 C=C+ABS(COW)
370 NEXT I
380 PRINT "BULLS:";B:PRINT "COWS:";C
390 Q=ABS(G$=N$)
400 NEXT Q
500 PRINT "GOOD JOB!":END
600 FOR I=2 TO 4:M=MID$(G$,I,1)="0"
610 IF NOT M THEN NEXT I
620 RETURN
700 FOR I=1 TO 3
710 FOR J=I+1 TO 4
720 M=MID$(G$,I,1)=MID$(G$,J,1)
730 IF NOT M THEN NEXT J,I
740 RETURN
Batch File
::
::Bulls and Cows Task from Rosetta Code Wiki
::Batch File Implementation
::
::Directly OPEN the Batch File to play...
::
@echo off
title Bulls and Cows Game
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
::GENERATING THE CODE TO BE GUESSED BY PLAYER...
:begin
set list=123456789
set cnt=1
set code=
set tries=0
:gen
set /a mod=10-%cnt%
set /a rnd=%random%%%%mod%
set pick=!list:~%rnd%,1!
set code=%code%%pick%
set list=!list:%pick%=!
if %cnt%==4 (
set c1=%code:~0,1%&set c2=%code:~1,1%&set c3=%code:~2,1%&set c4=%code:~3,1%
goto :start
)
set /a cnt+=1
goto :gen
::/GENERATING THE CODE TO BE GUESSED BY PLAYER...
::GAME DISPLAY
:start
cls
echo.
echo Bulls and Cows Game
echo Batch File Implementation
echo.
echo NOTE: Please MAXIMIZE this command window.
echo.
echo Gameplay:
echo.
echo I have generated a 4-digit code from digit 1-9 WITHOUT duplication.
echo Your objective is to guess it. If your guess is equal to my code,
echo then you WIN. If not, I will score your guess:
echo.
echo ** A score of one BULL is accumulated for each digit that equals
echo the CORRESPONDING digit in my code.
echo.
echo ** A score of one COW is accumulated for each digit that appears
echo in your guess, but in the WRONG position.
echo.
echo Now, start guessing^^!
echo.
:game
echo.
set /p guess=Your Guess:
::/GAME DISPLAY
::INPUT VALIDATION
if !guess! gtr 9876 (echo Please input a valid guess.&goto :game)
if !guess! lss 1234 (echo Please input a valid guess.&goto :game)
set i1=%guess:~0,1%&set i2=%guess:~1,1%&set i3=%guess:~2,1%&set i4=%guess:~3,1%
set chk=1
:cycle
set /a tmp1=%chk%+1
for /l %%a in (%tmp1%,1,4) do (
if !i%chk%!==!i%%a! (
echo Please input a valid guess.&goto :game
)
)
if %chk%==3 (
goto :score
)
set /a chk+=1
goto :cycle
::/INPUT VALIDATION
::SCORING
:score
set /a tries+=1
if %guess%==%code% (goto :won)
set cow=0
set bull=0
for /l %%a in (1,1,4) do (
if !i%%a!==!c%%a! (
set /a bull+=1
) else (
set "entrycow=%%a"
call :scorecow
)
)
set guess=
echo BULLS=%bull% COWS=%cow%
goto :game
:scorecow
set nums=1 2 3 4
set put=!nums:%entrycow%=!
for %%b in (%put%) do (
if !c%%b!==!i%entrycow%! (
set /a cow+=1
goto :EOF
)
)
goto :EOF
::/SCORING
::ALREADY WON!
:won
echo.
echo.
echo After %tries% Tries, YOU CRACKED IT^^! My code is %code%.
echo.
set /p opt=Play again?(Y/N)
if /i "!opt!"=="y" (call :begin)
if /i "!opt!"=="n" (exit/b)
goto :won
::/ALREADY WON!
BBC BASIC
secret$ = ""
REPEAT
c$ = CHR$(&30 + RND(9))
IF INSTR(secret$, c$) = 0 secret$ += c$
UNTIL LEN(secret$) = 4
PRINT "Guess a four-digit number with no digit used twice."'
guesses% = 0
REPEAT
REPEAT
INPUT "Enter your guess: " guess$
IF LEN(guess$) <> 4 PRINT "Must be a four-digit number"
UNTIL LEN(guess$) = 4
guesses% += 1
IF guess$ = secret$ PRINT "You won after "; guesses% " guesses!" : END
bulls% = 0
cows% = 0
FOR i% = 1 TO 4
c$ = MID$(secret$, i%, 1)
IF MID$(guess$, i%, 1) = c$ THEN
bulls% += 1
ELSE IF INSTR(guess$, c$) THEN
cows% += 1
ENDIF
ENDIF
NEXT i%
PRINT "You got " ;bulls% " bull(s) and " ;cows% " cow(s)."
UNTIL FALSE
Brat
secret_length = 4
secret = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9].shuffle.pop secret_length
score = { guess |
cows = 0
bulls = 0
guess.each_with_index { digit, index |
true? digit == secret[index]
{ bulls = bulls + 1 }
{ true? secret.include?(digit)
{ cows = cows + 1 }
}
}
[cows: cows, bulls: bulls]
}
won = false
guesses = 1
p "I have chosen a number with four unique digits from 1 through 9. Can you guess it?"
while { not won }
{
print "Guess #{guesses}: "
guess = g.strip.dice.map { d | d.to_i }
when { guess == secret } { p "You won in #{guesses} guesses!"; won = true }
{ guess.include?(0) || guess.include?(null) } { p "Your guess should only include digits 1 through 9." }
{ guess.length != secret.length } { p "Your guess was not the correct length. The number has exactly #{secret.length} digits." }
{ guess.unique.length != secret.length } { p "Each digit should only appear once in your guess." }
{ true } {
result = score guess
p "Score: #{result[:bulls]} bulls, #{result[:cows]} cows."
guesses = guesses + 1
}
}
C
{{libheader|ncurses}}
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdarg.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <curses.h> #include <string.h> #define MAX_NUM_TRIES 72 #define LINE_BEGIN 7 #define LAST_LINE 18 int yp=LINE_BEGIN, xp=0; char number[5]; char guess[5]; #define MAX_STR 256 void mvaddstrf(int y, int x, const char *fmt, ...) { va_list args; char buf[MAX_STR]; va_start(args, fmt); vsprintf(buf, fmt, args); move(y, x); clrtoeol(); addstr(buf); va_end(args); } void ask_for_a_number() { int i=0; char symbols[] = "123456789"; move(5,0); clrtoeol(); addstr("Enter four digits: "); while(i<4) { int c = getch(); if ( (c >= '1') && (c <= '9') && (symbols[c-'1']!=0) ) { addch(c); symbols[c-'1'] = 0; guess[i++] = c; } } } void choose_the_number() { int i=0, j; char symbols[] = "123456789"; while(i<4) { j = rand() % 9; if ( symbols[j] != 0 ) { number[i++] = symbols[j]; symbols[j] = 0; } } }
The following function contains the code to check how many bulls and cows there are.
bool take_it_or_not() { int i; int cows=0, bulls=0; for(i=0; i < 4; i++) { if ( number[i] == guess[i] ) { bulls++; } else if ( strchr(number, guess[i]) != NULL ) { cows++; } } move(yp, xp); addstr(guess); addch(' '); if ( bulls == 4 ) { yp++; return true; } if ( (cows==0) && (bulls==0) ) addch('-'); while( cows-- > 0 ) addstr("O"); while( bulls-- > 0 ) addstr("X"); yp++; if ( yp > LAST_LINE ) { yp = LINE_BEGIN; xp += 10; } return false; } bool ask_play_again() { int i; while(yp-- >= LINE_BEGIN) { move(yp, 0); clrtoeol(); } yp = LINE_BEGIN; xp = 0; move(21,0); clrtoeol(); addstr("Do you want to play again? [y/n]"); while(true) { int a = getch(); switch(a) { case 'y': case 'Y': return true; case 'n': case 'N': return false; } } } int main() { bool bingo, again; int tries = 0; initscr(); cbreak(); noecho(); clear(); number[4] = guess[4] = 0; mvaddstr(0,0, "I choose a number made of 4 digits (from 1 to 9) without repetitions\n" "You enter a number of 4 digits, and I say you how many of them are\n" "in my secret number but in wrong position (cows or O), and how many\n" "are in the right position (bulls or X)"); do { move(20,0); clrtoeol(); move(21, 0); clrtoeol(); srand(time(NULL)); choose_the_number(); do { ask_for_a_number(); bingo = take_it_or_not(); tries++; } while(!bingo && (tries < MAX_NUM_TRIES)); if ( bingo ) mvaddstrf(20, 0, "You guessed %s correctly in %d attempts!", number, tries); else mvaddstrf(20,0, "Sorry, you had only %d tries...; the number was %s", MAX_NUM_TRIES, number); again = ask_play_again(); tries = 0; } while(again); nocbreak(); echo(); endwin(); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
C++
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <algorithm> #include <cstdlib> bool contains_duplicates(std::string s) { std::sort(s.begin(), s.end()); return std::adjacent_find(s.begin(), s.end()) != s.end(); } void game() { typedef std::string::size_type index; std::string symbols = "0123456789"; unsigned int const selection_length = 4; std::random_shuffle(symbols.begin(), symbols.end()); std::string selection = symbols.substr(0, selection_length); std::string guess; while (std::cout << "Your guess? ", std::getline(std::cin, guess)) { if (guess.length() != selection_length || guess.find_first_not_of(symbols) != std::string::npos || contains_duplicates(guess)) { std::cout << guess << " is not a valid guess!"; continue; } unsigned int bulls = 0; unsigned int cows = 0; for (index i = 0; i != selection_length; ++i) { index pos = selection.find(guess[i]); if (pos == i) ++bulls; else if (pos != std::string::npos) ++cows; } std::cout << bulls << " bulls, " << cows << " cows.\n"; if (bulls == selection_length) { std::cout << "Congratulations! You have won!\n"; return; } } std::cerr << "Oops! Something went wrong with input, or you've entered end-of-file!\nExiting ...\n"; std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } int main() { std::cout << "Welcome to bulls and cows!\nDo you want to play? "; std::string answer; while (true) { while (true) { if (!std::getline(std::cin, answer)) { std::cout << "I can't get an answer. Exiting.\n"; return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (answer == "yes" || answer == "Yes" || answer == "y" || answer == "Y") break; if (answer == "no" || answer == "No" || answer == "n" || answer == "N") { std::cout << "Ok. Goodbye.\n"; return EXIT_SUCCESS; } std::cout << "Please answer yes or no: "; } game(); std::cout << "Another game? "; } }
C#
using System; namespace BullsnCows { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int[] nums = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }; KnuthShuffle<int>(ref nums); int[] chosenNum = new int[4]; Array.Copy(nums, chosenNum, 4); Console.WriteLine("Your Guess ?"); while (!game(Console.ReadLine(), chosenNum)) { Console.WriteLine("Your next Guess ?"); } Console.ReadKey(); } public static void KnuthShuffle<T>(ref T[] array) { System.Random random = new System.Random(); for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++) { int j = random.Next(array.Length); T temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp; } } public static bool game(string guess, int[] num) { char[] guessed = guess.ToCharArray(); int bullsCount = 0, cowsCount = 0; if (guessed.Length != 4) { Console.WriteLine("Not a valid guess."); return false; } for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { int curguess = (int) char.GetNumericValue(guessed[i]); if (curguess < 1 || curguess > 9) { Console.WriteLine("Digit must be ge greater 0 and lower 10."); return false; } if (curguess == num[i]) { bullsCount++; } else { for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { if (curguess == num[j]) cowsCount++; } } } if (bullsCount == 4) { Console.WriteLine("Congratulations! You have won!"); return true; } else { Console.WriteLine("Your Score is {0} bulls and {1} cows", bullsCount, cowsCount); return false; } } } }
Ceylon
import ceylon.random {
DefaultRandom
}
shared void run() {
value random = DefaultRandom();
function generateDigits() =>
random.elements(1..9).distinct.take(4).sequence();
function validate(String guess) {
variable value ok = true;
if (!guess.every((Character element) => element.digit)) {
print("numbers only, please");
ok = false;
}
if ('0' in guess) {
print("only 1 to 9, please");
ok = false;
}
if (guess.distinct.shorterThan(guess.size)) {
print("no duplicates, please");
ok = false;
}
if (guess.size != 4) {
print("4 digits please");
ok = false;
}
return ok;
}
function score({Integer*} target, {Integer*} guess) {
variable value bulls = 0;
variable value cows = 0;
for ([a, b] in zipPairs(target, guess)) {
if (a == b) {
bulls++;
} else if (target.contains(b)) {
cows++;
}
}
return [bulls, cows];
}
while (true) {
value digits = generateDigits();
print("I have chosen my four digits, please guess what they are.
Use only the digits 1 to 9 with no duplicates and enter them with no spaces. eg 1234
Enter q or Q to quit.");
while (true) {
if (exists line = process.readLine()) {
if (line.uppercased == "Q") {
return;
}
if (validate(line)) {
value guessDigits = line.map((Character element) => Integer.parse(element.string)).narrow<Integer>();
value [bulls, cows] = score(digits, guessDigits);
if (bulls == 4) {
print("You win!");
break;
}
else {
print("Bulls: ``bulls``, Cows: ``cows``");
}
}
}
}
}
}
Clojure
(ns bulls-and-cows) (defn bulls [guess solution] (count (filter true? (map = guess solution)))) (defn cows [guess solution] (- (count (filter (set solution) guess)) (bulls guess solution))) (defn valid-input? "checks whether the string is a 4 digit number with unique digits" [user-input] (if (re-seq #"^(?!.*(\d).*\1)\d{4}$" user-input) true false)) (defn enter-guess [] "Let the user enter a guess. Verify the input. Repeat until valid. returns a list of digits enters by the user (# # # #)" (println "Enter your guess: ") (let [guess (read-line)] (if (valid-input? guess) (map #(Character/digit % 10) guess) (recur)))) (defn bulls-and-cows [] "generate a random 4 digit number from the list of (1 ... 9): no repeating digits player tries to guess the number with bull and cows rules gameplay" (let [solution ( take 4 (shuffle (range 1 10)))] (println "lets play some bulls and cows!") (loop [guess (enter-guess)] (println (bulls guess solution) " bulls and " (cows guess solution) " cows.") (if (not= guess solution) (recur (enter-guess)) (println "You have won!"))))) (bulls-and-cows)
Coco
{{libheader|Underscore.js}}
To handle I/O, we use functions named say (which simply outputs a string) and prompt (which takes a prompt string to display to the user and returns a line of input, without a trailing newline). These require platform-specific implementations. Here's how they can be implemented for the SpiderMonkey shell:
say = print
prompt = (str) ->
putstr str
readline! ? quit!
We can now solve the task using say and prompt:
const SIZE = 4
secret = _.sample ['1' to '9'], SIZE
for ever
var guess
for ever
guess := _.uniq prompt 'Enter a guess: '
if guess.length === SIZE and not _.difference guess, ['1' to '9'] .length
break
say 'Malformed guess; try again.'
bulls = cows = 0
for i til SIZE
if guess[i] === secret[i]
++bulls
else if _.contains secret, guess[i]
++cows
if bulls === SIZE
break
say "#bulls bull#{[if bulls !== 1 then 's']}, #cows cow#{[if cows !== 1 then 's']}."
say 'A winner is you!'
Common Lisp
(defun get-number () (do ((digits '())) ((>= (length digits) 4) digits) (pushnew (1+ (random 9)) digits))) (defun compute-score (guess number) (let ((cows 0) (bulls 0)) (map nil (lambda (guess-digit number-digit) (cond ((= guess-digit number-digit) (incf bulls)) ((member guess-digit number) (incf cows)))) guess number) (values cows bulls))) (defun number->guess (number) (when (integerp number) (do ((digits '())) ((zerop number) digits) (multiple-value-bind (quotient remainder) (floor number 10) (push remainder digits) (setf number quotient))))) (defun valid-guess-p (guess) (and (= 4 (length guess)) (every (lambda (digit) (<= 1 digit 9)) guess) (equal guess (remove-duplicates guess)))) (defun play-game (&optional (stream *query-io*)) (do ((number (get-number)) (cows 0) (bulls 0)) ((= 4 bulls)) (format stream "~&Guess a 4-digit number: ") (let ((guess (number->guess (read stream)))) (cond ((not (valid-guess-p guess)) (format stream "~&Malformed guess.")) (t (setf (values cows bulls) (compute-score guess number)) (if (= 4 bulls) (format stream "~&Correct, you win!") (format stream "~&Score: ~a cows, ~a bulls." cows bulls)))))))
Crystal
{{trans|Ruby}}
size = 4 secret = ('1'..'9').to_a.sample(size) guess = [] of Char i = 0 loop do i += 1 loop do print "Guess #{i}: " guess = gets.not_nil!.chomp.chars exit if guess.empty? break if guess.size == size && guess.all? { |x| ('1'..'9').includes? x } && guess.uniq.size == size puts "Problem, try again. You need to enter #{size} unique digits from 1 to 9" end if guess == secret puts "Congratulations you guessed correctly in #{i} attempts" break end bulls = cows = 0 size.times do |j| if guess[j] == secret[j] bulls += 1 elsif secret.includes? guess[j] cows += 1 end end puts "Bulls: #{bulls}; Cows: #{cows}" end
D
void main() { import std.stdio, std.random, std.string, std.algorithm, std.range, std.ascii; immutable hidden = "123456789"d.randomCover.take(4).array; while (true) { "Next guess: ".write; const d = readln.strip.array.sort().release; if (d.count == 4 && d.all!isDigit && d.uniq.count == 4) { immutable bulls = d.zip(hidden).count!q{ a[0] == a[1] }, cows = d.count!(g => hidden.canFind(g)) - bulls; if (bulls == 4) return " You guessed it!".writeln; writefln("bulls %d, cows %d", bulls, cows); } " Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)".writeln; } }
{{out}}
Next guess: 6548
bulls 0, cows 3
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: 5284
bulls 2, cows 1
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: 4386
bulls 0, cows 2
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: -
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: 5894
bulls 3, cows 0
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: 5874
bulls 3, cows 0
Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)
Next guess: 5814
You guessed it!
E
Note: This example was deliberately written in an abstracted style, separating out the algorithms, game logic, and UI.
def Digit := 1..9
def Number := Tuple[Digit,Digit,Digit,Digit]
/** Choose a random number to be guessed. */
def pick4(entropy) {
def digits := [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].diverge()
# Partial Fisher-Yates shuffle
for i in 0..!4 {
def other := entropy.nextInt(digits.size() - i) + i
def t := digits[other]
digits[other] := digits[i]
digits[i] := t
}
return digits(0, 4)
}
/** Compute the score of a guess. */
def scoreGuess(actual :Number, guess :Number) {
var bulls := 0
var cows := 0
for i => digit in guess {
if (digit == actual[i]) {
bulls += 1
} else if (actual.indexOf1(digit) != -1) {
cows += 1
}
}
return [bulls, cows]
}
/** Parse a guess string into a list of digits (Number). */
def parseGuess(guessString, fail) :Number {
if (guessString.size() != 4) {
return fail(`I need four digits, not ${guessString.size()} digits.`)
} else {
var digits := []
for c in guessString {
if (('1'..'9')(c)) {
digits with= c - '0'
} else {
return fail(`I need a digit from 1 to 9, not "$c".`)
}
}
return digits
}
}
/** The game loop: asking for guesses and reporting scores and win conditions.
The return value is null or a broken reference if there was a problem. */
def bullsAndCows(askUserForGuess, tellUser, entropy) {
def actual := pick4(entropy)
def gameTurn() {
return when (def guessString := askUserForGuess <- ()) -> {
escape tellAndContinue {
def guess := parseGuess(guessString, tellAndContinue)
def [bulls, cows] := scoreGuess(actual, guess)
if (bulls == 4) {
tellUser <- (`You got it! The number is $actual!`)
null
} else {
tellAndContinue(`Your score for $guessString is $bulls bulls and $cows cows.`)
}
} catch message {
# The parser or scorer has something to say, and the game continues afterward
when (tellUser <- (message)) -> {
gameTurn()
}
}
} catch p {
# Unexpected problem of some sort
tellUser <- ("Sorry, game crashed.")
throw(p)
}
}
return gameTurn()
}
REPL user interface
def replBullsAndCows() {
when (
bullsAndCows(fn {
def [guess, env] := e`def guess; guess`.evalToPair(interp.getTopScope().nestOuter())
interp.setTopScope(env)
println("Please type “ bind guess := \"your guess here\" ”.")
guess
}, println, entropy)
) -> {} catch p {
println(`$p${p.eStack()}`)
}
}
Graphical user interface
{{works with|E-on-Java}} (Java Swing)
def guiBullsAndCows() {
var lastGuess := ""
def op := <unsafe:javax.swing.makeJOptionPane>
return bullsAndCows(fn {
lastGuess := op.showInputDialog(null, "Enter your guess:", lastGuess)
if (lastGuess == null) {
# canceled, so just fail to return an answer and let the game logic get GCed
Ref.promise()[0]
} else {
lastGuess
}
}, fn msg {
op.showMessageDialog(null, msg)
}, entropy)
}
EasyLang
print dig[]
len g[] 4 attempts = 0 repeat repeat ok = 0 s$[] = str_split input if len s$[] = 4 ok = 1 for i range 4 g[i] = number s$[i] if g[i] = 0 ok = 0 . . . until ok = 1 . print g[] attempts += 1 bulls = 0 cows = 0 for i range 4 if g[i] = dig[i] bulls += 1 else for j range 4 if dig[j] = g[i] cows += 1 . . . . print "bulls:" & bulls & " cows:" & cows until bulls = 4 . print "Well done! " & attempts & " attempts needed."
## Eiffel
```Eiffel
class
BULLS_AND_COWS
create
execute
feature
execute
-- Initiate game.
do
io.put_string ("Let's play bulls and cows.%N")
create answer.make_empty
play
end
feature {NONE}
play
-- Plays bulls ans cows.
local
count, seed: INTEGER
guess: STRING
do
from
until
seed > 0
loop
io.put_string ("Enter a positive integer.%NYour play will be generated from it.%N")
io.read_integer
seed := io.last_integer
end
generate_answer (seed)
io.put_string ("Your game has been created.%N Try to guess the four digit number.%N")
create guess.make_empty
from
until
guess ~ answer
loop
io.put_string ("Guess: ")
io.read_line
guess := io.last_string
if guess.count = 4 and guess.is_natural and not guess.has ('0') then
io.put_string (score (guess) + "%N")
count := count + 1
else
io.put_string ("Your input does not have the correct format.")
end
end
io.put_string ("Congratulations! You won with " + count.out + " guesses.")
end
answer: STRING
generate_answer (s: INTEGER)
-- Answer with 4-digits between 1 and 9 stored in 'answer'.
require
positive_seed: s > 0
local
random: RANDOM
ran: INTEGER
do
create random.set_seed (s)
from
until
answer.count = 4
loop
ran := (random.double_item * 10).floor
if ran > 0 and not answer.has_substring (ran.out) then
answer.append (ran.out)
end
random.forth
end
ensure
answer_not_void: answer /= Void
correct_length: answer.count = 4
end
score (g: STRING): STRING
-- Score for the guess 'g' depending on 'answer'.
require
same_length: answer.count = g.count
local
k: INTEGER
a, ge: STRING
do
Result := ""
a := answer.twin
ge := g.twin
across
1 |..| a.count as c
loop
if a [c.item] ~ ge [c.item] then
Result := Result + "BULL "
a [c.item] := ' '
ge [c.item] := ' '
end
end
across
1 |..| a.count as c
loop
if a [c.item] /= ' ' then
k := ge.index_of (a [c.item], 1)
if k > 0 then
Result := Result + "COW "
ge [k] := ' '
end
end
end
end
end
{{out}}
Let's play bulls and cows.
Enter a positive integer.
Your play will be generated from it.
2
Guess: 2497
BULL COW
Guess: 2486
BULL COW COW
Guess: 2485
BULL COW COW
Guess: 2483
BULL BULL COW COW
Guess: 2438
BULL COW COW COW
Guess: 2843
BULL BULL BULL BULL
Congratulations! You won with 6 guesses.
Elena
ELENA 4.1 :
import system'routines;
import extensions;
class GameMaster
{
object theNumbers;
object theAttempt;
constructor()
{
// generate secret number
var randomNumbers := new int[]::(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9).randomize(9);
theNumbers := randomNumbers.Subarray(0, 4);
theAttempt := new Integer(1);
}
ask()
{
var row := console.print("Your Guess #",theAttempt," ?").readLine();
^ row.toArray()
}
proceed(guess)
{
int cows := 0;
int bulls := 0;
if (guess.Length != 4)
{
bulls := -1
}
else
{
try
{
for (int i := 0, i < 4, i+=1) {
var ch := guess[i];
var number := ch.toString().toInt();
// check range
ifnot (number > 0 && number < 10)
{ InvalidArgumentException.raise() };
// check duplicates
var duplicate := guess.seekEach:(x => (x == ch)&&(x.equalReference(ch).Inverted));
if (nil != duplicate)
{
InvalidArgumentException.raise()
};
if (number == theNumbers[i])
{
bulls += 1
}
else
{
if (theNumbers.ifExists(number))
{ cows += 1 }
}
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
bulls := -1
}
};
bulls =>
-1 { console.printLine:"Not a valid guess."; ^ true }
4 { console.printLine:"Congratulations! You have won!"; ^ false }
: {
theAttempt.append(1);
console.printLine("Your Score is ",bulls," bulls and ",cows," cows");
^ true
}
}
}
public program()
{
var gameMaster := new GameMaster();
(lazy:gameMaster.proceed(gameMaster.ask())).doWhile();
console.readChar()
}
{{out}}
Your Guess #1 ?2497
Your Score is 1 bulls and 1 cows
Your Guess #2 ?2486
Your Score is 1 bulls and 2 cows
Your Guess #3 ?2485
Your Score is 1 bulls and 2 cows
Your Guess #4 ?2483
Your Score is 2 bulls and 2 cows
Your Guess #5 ?2438
Your Score is 1 bulls and 3 cows
Your Guess #6 ?2843
Congratulations! You have won!
Elixir
{{works with|Elixir|1.2}}
defmodule Bulls_and_cows do def play(size \\ 4) do secret = Enum.take_random(1..9, size) |> Enum.map(&to_string/1) play(size, secret) end defp play(size, secret) do guess = input(size) if guess == secret do IO.puts "You win!" else {bulls, cows} = count(guess, secret) IO.puts " Bulls: #{bulls}; Cows: #{cows}" play(size, secret) end end defp input(size) do guess = IO.gets("Enter your #{size}-digit guess: ") |> String.strip cond do guess == "" -> IO.puts "Give up" exit(:normal) String.length(guess)==size and String.match?(guess, ~r/^[1-9]+$/) -> String.codepoints(guess) true -> input(size) end end defp count(guess, secret) do Enum.zip(guess, secret) |> Enum.reduce({0,0}, fn {g,s},{bulls,cows} -> cond do g == s -> {bulls + 1, cows} g in secret -> {bulls, cows + 1} true -> {bulls, cows} end end) end end Bulls_and_cows.play
{{out}}
Enter your 4-digit guess: 1234
Bulls: 1; Cows: 1
Enter your 4-digit guess: 5678
Bulls: 0; Cows: 2
Enter your 4-digit guess: 2345
Bulls: 0; Cows: 1
Enter your 4-digit guess: 1456
Bulls: 1; Cows: 0
Enter your 4-digit guess: 1782
You win!
Erlang
Module:
-module(bulls_and_cows). -export([generate_secret/0, score_guess/2, play/0]). % generate the secret code generate_secret() -> generate_secret([], 4, lists:seq(1,9)). generate_secret(Secret, 0, _) -> Secret; generate_secret(Secret, N, Digits) -> Next = lists:nth(random:uniform(length(Digits)), Digits), generate_secret(Secret ++ [Next], N - 1, Digits -- [Next]). % evaluate a guess score_guess(Secret, Guess) when length(Secret) =/= length(Guess) -> throw(badguess); score_guess(Secret, Guess) -> Bulls = count_bulls(Secret,Guess), Cows = count_cows(Secret, Guess, Bulls), [Bulls, Cows]. % count bulls (exact matches) count_bulls(Secret, Guess) -> length(lists:filter(fun(I) -> lists:nth(I,Secret) == lists:nth(I,Guess) end, lists:seq(1, length(Secret)))). % count cows (digits present but out of place) count_cows(Secret, Guess, Bulls) -> length(lists:filter(fun(I) -> lists:member(I, Guess) end, Secret)) - Bulls. % play a game play() -> play_round(generate_secret()). play_round(Secret) -> play_round(Secret, read_guess()). play_round(Secret, Guess) -> play_round(Secret, Guess, score_guess(Secret,Guess)). play_round(_, _, [4,0]) -> io:put_chars("Correct!\n"); play_round(Secret, _, Score) -> io:put_chars("\tbulls:"), io:write(hd(Score)), io:put_chars(", cows:"), io:write(hd(tl(Score))), io:put_chars("\n"), play_round(Secret). read_guess() -> lists:map(fun(D)->D-48 end, lists:sublist(io:get_line("Enter your 4-digit guess: "), 4)).
Script:
#!/usr/bin/escript % Play Bulls and Cows main(_) -> random:seed(now()), bulls_and_cows:play().
Sample play:
Enter your 4-digit guess: 8376
bulls:1, cows:0
Enter your 4-digit guess: 8941
bulls:1, cows:1
Enter your 4-digit guess: 8529
bulls:1, cows:1
Enter your 4-digit guess: 4926
bulls:1, cows:1
Enter your 4-digit guess: 9321
Correct!
Euphoria
{{works with|Euphoria|4.0.3, 4.0.0 RC1 and later}}
include std\text.e
include std\os.e
include std\sequence.e
include std\console.e
sequence bcData = {0,0} --bull,cow score for the player
sequence goalNum = { {0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0}, 0} --computer's secret number digits (element 1), marked as bull/cow
--indexes in element 2, integer value of it in element 3
sequence currentGuess = { {0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0}, 0} --player's guess, same format as goalNum
sequence removeChars = 0 & " 0\r\t\n" --characters to trim (remove) from user's input. \r, \t are single escaped characters,
--0 is ascii 0x0 and number zero is ascii 48, or 0x30. The rest are wysiwyg
integer tries = 0 --track number of tries to guess the number
sequence bcStrings ={"bull", "cow"} --stores singular and/or plural strings depending on score in bcData
goalNum[1] = rand( {9,9,9,9} ) --rand function works on objects. here it outputs into each sequence element.
goalNum[3] = goalNum[1][1] * 1000 + goalNum[1][2] * 100 + goalNum[1][3] * 10 + goalNum[1][4] --convert digits to an integer
--and store it
procedure getInputAndProcess(integer stage = 1) --object = 1 sets default value for the parameter if it isn't specified
goalNum[2][1..4] = 0 --{0,0,0,0} --set these to unscaned (0) since the scanning will start over.
currentGuess[1][1..4] = 0 --{0,0,0,0} --these too, or they will contain old marks
currentGuess[2][1..4] = 0
tries += 1 --equivalent to tries = tries + 1, but faster and shorter to write
bcData[1..2] = 0 -- {0,0}
if stage <= 1 then --if this process was run for the first time or with no parameters, then..
puts(1,"The program has thought of a four digit number using only digits 1 to 9.\nType your guess and press enter.\n")
end if
while 1 label "guesscheck" do --labels can be used to specify a jump point from exit or retry, and help readability
currentGuess[1] = trim(gets(0), removeChars) --get user input, trim unwanted characters from it, store it in currentGuess[1]
currentGuess[1] = mapping( currentGuess[1], {49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57}, {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} ) --convert ascii codes to
-- integer digits they represent
integer tempF = find('0',currentGuess[1])
if length(currentGuess[1]) != 4 or tempF != 0 then --if the input string is now more than 4 characters/integers,
--the input won't be used.
puts(1,"You probably typed too many digits or a 0. Try typing a new 4 digit number with only numbers 1 through 9.\n")
retry "guesscheck"
else
exit "guesscheck"
end if
end while
--convert separate digits to the one integer they represent and store it, like with goalNum[3]
currentGuess[3] = currentGuess[1][1] * 1000 + currentGuess[1][2] * 100 + currentGuess[1][3] * 10 + currentGuess[1][4]
--convert digits to the integer they represent, to print to a string later
--check for bulls
for i = 1 to 4 do
if goalNum[1][i] = currentGuess[1][i] then
goalNum[2][i] = 1
currentGuess[2][i] = 1
bcData[1] += 1
end if
end for
--check for cows, but not slots marked as bulls or cows already.
for i = 1 to 4 label "iGuessElem"do --loop through each guessed digit
for j = 1 to 4 label "jGoalElem" do --but first go through each goal digit, comparing the first guessed digit,
--and then the other guessed digits 2 through 4
if currentGuess[2][i] = 1 then --if the guessed digit we're comparing right now has been marked as bull or cow already
continue "iGuessElem" --skip to the next guess digit without comparing this guess digit to the other goal digits
end if
if goalNum[2][j] = 1 then --if the goal digit we're comparing to right now has been marked as a bull or cow already
continue "jGoalElem" --skip to the next goal digit
end if
if currentGuess[1][i] = goalNum[1][j] then --if the guessed digit is the same as the goal one,
--it won't be a bull, so it's a cow
bcData[2] += 1 --score one more cow
goalNum[2][j] = 1 --mark this digit as a found cow in the subsequence that stores 0's or 1's as flags
continue "iGuessElem" --skip to the next guess digit, so that this digit won't try to check for
--matches(cow) with other goal digits
end if
end for --this guess digit was compared to one goal digit , try comparing this guess digit with the next goal digit
end for --this guess digit was compared with all goal digits, compare the next guess digit to all the goal digits
if bcData[1] = 1 then --uses singular noun when there is score of 1, else plural
bcStrings[1] = "bull"
else
bcStrings[1] = "bulls"
end if
if bcData[2] = 1 then --the same kind of thing as above block
bcStrings[2] = "cow"
else
bcStrings[2] = "cows"
end if
if bcData[1] < 4 then --if less than 4 bulls were found, the player hasn't won, else they have...
printf(1, "Guess #%d : You guessed %d . You found %d %s, %d %s. Type new guess.\n", {tries, currentGuess[3], bcData[1], bcStrings[1], bcData[2], bcStrings[2]} )
getInputAndProcess(2)
else --else they have won and the procedure ends
printf(1, "The number was %d. You guessed %d in %d tries.\n", {goalNum[3], currentGuess[3], tries} )
any_key()--wait for keypress before closing console window.
end if
end procedure
--run the procedure
getInputAndProcess(1)
Output :
The program has thought of a four digit number using only digits 1 to 9.
Type your guess and press enter.
7456
Guess #1 : You guessed 7456 . You found 1 bull, 1 cow. Type new guess.
7116
Guess #2 : You guessed 7116 . You found 1 bull, 0 cows. Type new guess.
7862
Guess #3 : You guessed 7862 . You found 0 bulls, 2 cows. Type new guess.
1826
[...etc]
6586
Guess #10 : You guessed 6586 . You found 3 bulls, 0 cows. Type new guess.
5586
Guess #11 : You guessed 5586 . You found 3 bulls, 0 cows. Type new guess.
2586
Guess #12 : You guessed 2586 . You found 3 bulls, 0 cows. Type new guess.
9586
The number was 9586. You guessed 9586 in 13 tries.
Press Any Key to continue...
Factor
USING: accessors assocs combinators fry grouping hashtables kernel
locals math math.parser math.ranges random sequences strings
io ascii ;
IN: bullsncows
TUPLE: score bulls cows ;
: <score> ( -- score ) 0 0 score boa ;
TUPLE: cow ;
: <cow> ( -- cow ) cow new ;
TUPLE: bull ;
: <bull> ( -- bull ) bull new ;
: inc-bulls ( score -- score ) dup bulls>> 1 + >>bulls ;
: inc-cows ( score -- score ) dup cows>> 1 + >>cows ;
: random-nums ( -- seq ) 9 [1,b] 4 sample ;
: add-digits ( seq -- n ) 0 [ swap 10 * + ] reduce number>string ;
: new-number ( -- n narr ) random-nums dup add-digits ;
: narr>nhash ( narr -- nhash ) { 1 2 3 4 } swap zip ;
: num>hash ( n -- hash )
[ 1string string>number ] { } map-as narr>nhash ;
:: cow-or-bull ( n g -- arr )
{
{ [ n first g at n second = ] [ <bull> ] }
{ [ n second g value? ] [ <cow> ] }
[ f ]
} cond ;
: add-to-score ( arr -- score )
<score> [ bull? [ inc-bulls ] [ inc-cows ] if ] reduce ;
: check-win ( score -- ? ) bulls>> 4 = ;
: sum-score ( n g -- score ? )
'[ _ cow-or-bull ] map sift add-to-score dup check-win ;
: print-sum ( score -- str )
dup bulls>> number>string "Bulls: " swap append swap cows>> number>string
" Cows: " swap 3append "\n" append ;
: (validate-readln) ( str -- ? ) dup length 4 = not swap [ letter? ] all? or ;
: validate-readln ( -- str )
readln dup (validate-readln)
[ "Invalid input.\nPlease enter a valid 4 digit number: "
write flush drop validate-readln ]
when ;
: win ( -- ) "\nYou've won! Good job. You're so smart." print flush ;
: main-loop ( x -- )
"Enter a 4 digit number: " write flush validate-readln num>hash swap
[ sum-score swap print-sum print flush ] keep swap not
[ main-loop ] [ drop win ] if ;
: main ( -- ) new-number drop narr>nhash main-loop ;
Fan
**
** Bulls and cows. A game pre-dating, and similar to, Mastermind.
**
class BullsAndCows
{
Void main()
{
digits := [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
size := 4
chosen := [,]
size.times { chosen.add(digits.removeAt(Int.random(0..<digits.size))) }
echo("I've chosen $size unique digits from 1 to 9 at random.
Try to guess my number!")
guesses := 0
while (true) // game loop
{
guesses += 1
guess := Int[,]
while (true) // input loop
{
// get a good guess
Sys.out.print("\nNext guess [$guesses]: ")
Sys.out.flush
inString := Sys.in.readLine?.trim ?: ""
inString.each |ch|
{ if (ch >= '1' && ch <= '9' && !guess.contains(ch)) guess.add(ch-'0') }
if (guess.size == 4)
break // input loop
echo("Oops, try again. You need to enter $size unique digits from 1 to 9")
}
if (guess.all |v, i->Bool| { return v == chosen[i] })
{
echo("\nCongratulations! You guessed correctly in $guesses guesses")
break // game loop
}
bulls := 0
cows := 0
(0 ..< size).each |i|
{
if (guess[i] == chosen[i])
bulls += 1
else if (chosen.contains(guess[i]))
cows += 1
}
echo("\n $bulls Bulls\n $cows Cows")
}
}
}
Forth
{{works with|GNU Forth}}
include random.fs
create hidden 4 allot
: ok? ( str -- ? )
dup 4 <> if 2drop false exit then
1 9 lshift 1- -rot
bounds do
i c@ '1 -
dup 0 9 within 0= if 2drop false leave then
1 swap lshift over and
dup 0= if nip leave then
xor
loop 0<> ;
: init
begin
hidden 4 bounds do 9 random '1 + i c! loop
hidden 4 ok?
until ;
: check? ( addr -- solved? )
0
4 0 do
over i + c@
4 0 do
dup hidden i + c@ = if swap
i j = if 8 else 1 then + swap
then
loop drop
loop nip
8 /mod tuck . ." bulls, " . ." cows"
4 = ;
: guess: ( "1234" -- )
bl parse 2dup ok? 0= if 2drop ." Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)" exit then
drop check? if cr ." You guessed it!" then ;
init ok guess: 1234 1 bulls, 0 cows ok guess: 1567 1 bulls, 1 cows ok guess: 1895 2 bulls, 1 cows ok guess: 1879 4 bulls, 0 cows You guessed it! ok
Fortran
{{works with|Fortran|90 and later}}
module bac
implicit none
contains
subroutine Gennum(n)
integer, intent(out) :: n(4)
integer :: i, j
real :: r
call random_number(r)
n(1) = int(r * 9.0) + 1
i = 2
outer: do while (i <= 4)
call random_number(r)
n(i) = int(r * 9.0) + 1
inner: do j = i-1 , 1, -1
if (n(j) == n(i)) cycle outer
end do inner
i = i + 1
end do outer
end subroutine Gennum
subroutine Score(n, guess, b, c)
character(*), intent(in) :: guess
integer, intent(in) :: n(0:3)
integer, intent(out) :: b, c
integer :: digit, i, j, ind
b = 0; c = 0
do i = 1, 4
read(guess(i:i), "(i1)") digit
if (digit == n(i-1)) then
b = b + 1
else
do j = i, i+2
ind = mod(j, 4)
if (digit == n(ind)) then
c = c + 1
exit
end if
end do
end if
end do
end subroutine Score
end module bac
program Bulls_and_Cows
use bac
implicit none
integer :: n(4)
integer :: bulls=0, cows=0, tries=0
character(4) :: guess
call random_seed
call Gennum(n)
write(*,*) "I have selected a number made up of 4 digits (1-9) without repetitions."
write(*,*) "You attempt to guess this number."
write(*,*) "Every digit in your guess that is in the correct position scores 1 Bull"
write(*,*) "Every digit in your guess that is in an incorrect position scores 1 Cow"
write(*,*)
do while (bulls /= 4)
write(*,*) "Enter a 4 digit number"
read*, guess
if (verify(guess, "123456789") /= 0) then
write(*,*) "That is an invalid entry. Please try again."
cycle
end if
tries = tries + 1
call Score (n, guess, bulls, cows)
write(*, "(a, i1, a, i1, a)") "You scored ", bulls, " bulls and ", cows, " cows"
write(*,*)
end do
write(*,"(a,i0,a)") "Congratulations! You correctly guessed the correct number in ", tries, " attempts"
end program Bulls_and_Cows
Go
package main import ( "bufio" "bytes" "fmt" "math/rand" "os" "strings" "time" ) func main() { fmt.Println(`Cows and Bulls Guess four digit number of unique digits in the range 1 to 9. A correct digit but not in the correct place is a cow. A correct digit in the correct place is a bull.`) // generate pattern pat := make([]byte, 4) rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) r := rand.Perm(9) for i := range pat { pat[i] = '1' + byte(r[i]) } // accept and score guesses valid := []byte("123456789") guess: for in := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin); ; { fmt.Print("Guess: ") guess, err := in.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("\nSo, bye.") return } guess = strings.TrimSpace(guess) if len(guess) != 4 { // malformed: not four characters fmt.Println("Please guess a four digit number.") continue } var cows, bulls int for ig, cg := range guess { if strings.IndexRune(guess[:ig], cg) >= 0 { // malformed: repeated digit fmt.Printf("Repeated digit: %c\n", cg) continue guess } switch bytes.IndexByte(pat, byte(cg)) { case -1: if bytes.IndexByte(valid, byte(cg)) == -1 { // malformed: not a digit fmt.Printf("Invalid digit: %c\n", cg) continue guess } default: // I just think cows should go first cows++ case ig: bulls++ } } fmt.Printf("Cows: %d, bulls: %d\n", cows, bulls) if bulls == 4 { fmt.Println("You got it.") return } } }
Golo
#!/usr/bin/env golosh
----
This module is the Bulls and Cows game.
----
module Bullsandcows
import gololang.Decorators
import gololang.Functions
import gololang.IO
import java.util
function main = |args| {
while true {
let secret = create4RandomNumbers()
println("Welcome to Bulls And Cows")
while true {
println("Please enter a 4 digit number")
println("(with only the digits 1 to 9 and no repeated digits, for example 2537)")
let guess = readln("guess: ")
let result = validateGuess(guess)
if result: isValid() {
let bulls, cows = bullsAndOrCows(result: digits(), secret)
if bulls is 4 {
println("You win!")
break
}
println("bulls: " + bulls)
println("cows: " + cows)
} else {
println(result: message())
}
}
}
}
function create4RandomNumbers = {
let numbers = vector[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
Collections.shuffle(numbers)
let shuffled = numbers: subList(0, 4)
return shuffled
}
union Result = {
Valid = { digits }
Invalid = { message }
}
@checkArguments(isString())
function validateGuess = |guess| {
var digits = []
try {
let number = guess: toInt()
digits = number: digits()
if digits: exists(|d| -> d is 0) {
return Result.Invalid("No zeroes please")
}
if digits: size() isnt 4 {
return Result.Invalid("Four digits please")
}
let digitSet = set[ digit foreach digit in digits ]
if digitSet: size() < digits: size() {
return Result.Invalid("No duplicate numbers please")
}
} catch(e) {
return Result.Invalid("Numbers only please")
}
return Result.Valid(digits)
}
let is4Vector = |arg| -> arg oftype java.util.List.class and arg: size() is 4
@checkArguments(is4Vector, is4Vector)
function bullsAndOrCows = |guess, secret| {
var bulls = 0
var cows = 0
foreach i in [0..4] {
let guessNum = guess: get(i)
let secretNum = secret: get(i)
if guessNum is secretNum {
bulls = bulls + 1
} else if secret: exists(|num| -> guessNum is num) {
cows = cows + 1
}
}
return [bulls, cows]
}
augment java.lang.Integer {
function digits = |this| {
var remaining = this
let digits = vector[]
while remaining > 0 {
digits: prepend(remaining % 10)
remaining = remaining / 10
}
return digits
}
}
Haskell
import Data.List (partition, intersect, nub) import Control.Monad import System.Random (StdGen, getStdRandom, randomR) import Text.Printf numberOfDigits = 4 :: Int main = bullsAndCows bullsAndCows :: IO () bullsAndCows = do digits <- getStdRandom $ pick numberOfDigits ['1' .. '9'] putStrLn "Guess away!" loop digits where loop digits = do input <- getLine if okay input then let (bulls, cows) = score digits input in if bulls == numberOfDigits then putStrLn "You win!" else do printf "%d bulls, %d cows.\n" bulls cows loop digits else do putStrLn "Malformed guess; try again." loop digits okay :: String -> Bool okay input = length input == numberOfDigits && input == nub input && all legalchar input where legalchar c = '1' <= c && c <= '9' score :: String -> String -> (Int, Int) score secret guess = (length bulls, cows) where (bulls, nonbulls) = partition (uncurry (==)) $ zip secret guess cows = length $ uncurry intersect $ unzip nonbulls pick :: Int -> [a] -> StdGen -> ([a], StdGen) {- Randomly selects items from a list without replacement. -} pick n l g = f n l g (length l - 1) [] where f 0 _ g _ ps = (ps, g) f n l g max ps = f (n - 1) (left ++ right) g' (max - 1) (picked : ps) where (i, g') = randomR (0, max) g (left, picked : right) = splitAt i l
Hy
(import random) (def +size+ 4) (def +digits+ "123456789") (def +secret+ (random.sample +digits+ +size+)) (while True (while True (setv guess (list (distinct (raw-input "Enter a guess: ")))) (when (and (= (len guess) +size+) (all (map (fn [c] (in c +digits+)) guess))) (break)) (print "Malformed guess; try again")) (setv bulls 0) (setv cows 0) (for [i (range +size+)] (cond [(= (get guess i) (get +secret+ i)) (setv bulls (inc bulls))] [(in (get guess i) +secret+) (setv cows (inc cows))])) (when (= bulls +size+) (break)) (print (.format "{} bull{}, {} cows" bulls (if (= bulls 1) "" "s") cows (if (= cows 1) "" "s")))) (print "A winner is you!")
=={{header|Icon}} and {{header|Unicon}}==
The following works in both Icon and Unicon.
procedure main()
digits := "123456789"
every !digits :=: ?digits
num := digits[1+:4]
repeat if score(num, getGuess(num)) then break
write("Good job.")
end
procedure getGuess(num)
repeat {
writes("Enter a guess: ")
guess := read() | stop("Quitter!")
if *(guess ** '123456789') == *num then return guess
write("Malformed guess: ",guess,". Try again.")
}
end
procedure score(num, guess)
bulls := 0
cows := *(num ** guess)
every (num[i := 1 to *num] == guess[i], bulls +:= 1, cows -:= 1)
write("\t",bulls," bulls and ",cows," cows")
return (bulls = *num)
end
J
require 'misc'
plural=: conjunction define
(":m),' ',n,'s'#~1~:m
)
bullcow=:monad define
number=. 1+4?9
whilst. -.guess-:number do.
guess=. 0 "."0 prompt 'Guess my number: '
if. (4~:#guess)+.(4~:#~.guess)+.0 e.guess e.1+i.9 do.
if. 0=#guess do.
smoutput 'Giving up.'
return.
end.
smoutput 'Guesses must be four different non-zero digits'
continue.
end.
bulls=. +/guess=number
cows=. (+/guess e.number)-bulls
smoutput bulls plural 'bull',' and ',cows plural 'cow','.'
end.
smoutput 'you win'
)
For example:
bullcow''
Guess my number: 1234
0 bulls and 1 cow.
Guess my number: 5678
3 bulls and 0 cows.
Guess my number: 2349
0 bulls and 0 cows.
Guess my number: 1567
0 bulls and 3 cows.
Guess my number: 6178
3 bulls and 0 cows.
Guess my number: 6157
1 bull and 2 cows.
Guess my number: 5178
4 bulls and 0 cows.
you win
Java
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BullsAndCows{
public static void main(String[] args){
Random gen= new Random();
int target= 0;
while(hasDupes(target= (gen.nextInt(9000) + 1000)));
String targetStr = target +"";
boolean guessed = false;
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
int guesses = 0;
do{
int bulls = 0;
int cows = 0;
System.out.print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ");
int guess;
try{
guess = input.nextInt();
if(hasDupes(guess) || guess < 1000) continue;
}catch(InputMismatchException e){
continue;
}
guesses++;
String guessStr = guess + "";
for(int i= 0;i < 4;i++){
if(guessStr.charAt(i) == targetStr.charAt(i)){
bulls++;
}else if(targetStr.contains(guessStr.charAt(i)+"")){
cows++;
}
}
if(bulls == 4){
guessed = true;
}else{
System.out.println(cows+" Cows and "+bulls+" Bulls.");
}
}while(!guessed);
System.out.println("You won after "+guesses+" guesses!");
}
public static boolean hasDupes(int num){
boolean[] digs = new boolean[10];
while(num > 0){
if(digs[num%10]) return true;
digs[num%10] = true;
num/= 10;
}
return false;
}
}
Output:
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 5834
2 Cows and 0 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 1234
1 Cows and 0 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 4321
1 Cows and 0 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3421
0 Cows and 1 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 8412
0 Cows and 0 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3560
1 Cows and 1 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3650
0 Cows and 2 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3759
2 Cows and 2 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3975
2 Cows and 2 Bulls.
Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: 3957
You won after 10 guesses!
JavaScript
Spidermonkey version
#!/usr/bin/env js function main() { var len = 4; playBullsAndCows(len); } function playBullsAndCows(len) { var num = pickNum(len); // print('The secret number is:\n ' + num.join('\n ')); showInstructions(len); var nGuesses = 0; while (true) { nGuesses++; var guess = getGuess(nGuesses, len); var census = countBovine(num, guess); showScore(census.bulls, census.cows); if (census.bulls == len) { showFinalResult(nGuesses); return; } } } function showScore(nBulls, nCows) { print(' Bulls: ' + nBulls + ', cows: ' + nCows); } function showFinalResult(guesses) { print('You win!!! Guesses needed: ' + guesses); } function countBovine(num, guess) { var count = {bulls:0, cows:0}; var g = guess.join(''); for (var i = 0; i < num.length; i++) { var digPresent = g.search(num[i]) != -1; if (num[i] == guess[i]) count.bulls++; else if (digPresent) count.cows++; } return count; } function getGuess(nGuesses, len) { while (true) { putstr('Your guess #' + nGuesses + ': '); var guess = readline(); guess = String(parseInt(guess)).split(''); if (guess.length != len) { print(' You must enter a ' + len + ' digit number.'); continue; } if (hasDups(guess)) { print(' No digits can be duplicated.'); continue; } return guess; } } function hasDups(ary) { var t = ary.concat().sort(); for (var i = 1; i < t.length; i++) { if (t[i] == t[i-1]) return true; } return false; } function showInstructions(len) { print(); print('Bulls and Cows Game'); print('-------------------'); print(' You must guess the ' + len + ' digit number I am thinking of.'); print(' The number is composed of the digits 1-9.'); print(' No digit appears more than once.'); print(' After each of your guesses, I will tell you:'); print(' The number of bulls (digits in right place)'); print(' The number of cows (correct digits, but in the wrong place)'); print(); } function pickNum(len) { var nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]; nums.sort(function(){return Math.random() - 0.5}); return nums.slice(0, len); } main();
Example game (cheating!):
Bulls and Cows Game
You must guess the 4 digit number I am thinking of. The number is composed of the digits 1-9. No digit appears more than once. After each of your guesses, I will tell you: The number of bulls (digits in right place) The number of cows (correct digits, but in wrong place)
Your guess #1: 1234 Bulls: 0, cows: 2 Your guess #2: 5678 Bulls: 1, cows: 1 Your guess #3: 3167 Bulls: 0, cows: 3 Your guess #4: 9123 Bulls: 1, cows: 1 Your guess #5: 5137 Bulls: 1, cows: 3 Your guess #6: 5317 Bulls: 2, cows: 2 Your guess #7: 5731 Bulls: 2, cows: 2 Your guess #8: 5713 Bulls: 4, cows: 0 You win! Guesses needed: 8
Julia
function cowsbulls() print("Welcome to Cows & Bulls! I've picked a number with unique digits between 1 and 9, go ahead and type your guess.\n You get one bull for every right number in the right position.\n You get one cow for every right number, but in the wrong position.\n Enter 'n' to pick a new number and 'q' to quit.\n>") function new_number() s = [1:9] n = "" for i = 9:-1:6 n *= string(delete!(s,rand(1:i))) end return n end answer = new_number() while true input = chomp(readline(STDIN)) input == "q" && break if input == "n" answer = new_number() print("\nI've picked a new number, go ahead and guess\n>") continue end !ismatch(r"^[1-9]{4}$",input) && (print("Invalid guess: Please enter a 4-digit number\n>"); continue) if input == answer print("\nYou're right! Good guessing!\nEnter 'n' for a new number or 'q' to quit\n>") else bulls = sum(answer.data .== input.data) cows = sum([answer[x] != input[x] && contains(input.data,answer[x]) for x = 1:4]) print("\nNot quite! Your guess is worth:\n$bulls Bulls\n$cows Cows\nPlease guess again\n\n>") end end end
The following version checks thoroughly that the input of the player is constituted of four distincts digits.
function bullsandcows () bulls = cows = turns = 0 result = (s = [] ; while length(unique(s))<4 push!(s,rand('1':'9')) end; unique(s)) println("A game of bulls and cows!") while (bulls != 4) print("Your guess? ") guess = collect(chomp(readline(STDIN))) if ! (length(unique(guess)) == length(guess) == 4 && all(isdigit,guess)) println("please, enter four distincts digits") continue end bulls = sum(map(==, guess, result)) cows = length(intersect(guess,result)) - bulls println("$bulls bulls and $cows cows!") ; turns += 1 end println("You win! You succeeded in $turns guesses.") end
{{Out}}
julia> bullsandcows()
A game of bulls and cows!
Your guess? 1234
0 bulls and 2 cows!
Your guess? 12334
please, enter four distincts digits
Your guess? 5678
1 bulls and 1 cows!
Your guess? 1111
please, enter four distincts digits
Your guess? grr
please, enter four distincts digits
Your guess? ...
please, enter four distincts digits
Your guess?
Kotlin
// version 1.1.2 import java.util.Random const val MAX_GUESSES = 20 // say fun main(args: Array<String>) { val r = Random() var num: String // generate a 4 digit random number from 1234 to 9876 with no zeros or repeated digits do { num = (1234 + r.nextInt(8643)).toString() } while ('0' in num || num.toSet().size < 4) println("All guesses should have exactly 4 distinct digits excluding zero.") println("Keep guessing until you guess the chosen number (maximum $MAX_GUESSES valid guesses).\n") var guesses = 0 while (true) { print("Enter your guess : ") val guess = readLine()!! if (guess == num) { println("You've won with ${++guesses} valid guesses!") return } val n = guess.toIntOrNull() if (n == null) println("Not a valid number") else if ('-' in guess || '+' in guess) println("Can't contain a sign") else if ('0' in guess) println("Can't contain zero") else if (guess.length != 4) println("Must have exactly 4 digits") else if (guess.toSet().size < 4) println("All digits must be distinct") else { var bulls = 0 var cows = 0 for ((i, c) in guess.withIndex()) { if (num[i] == c) bulls++ else if (c in num) cows++ } println("Your score for this guess: Bulls = $bulls Cows = $cows") guesses++ if (guesses == MAX_GUESSES) println("You've now had $guesses valid guesses, the maximum allowed") } } }
Sample input/output: {{out}}
Enter your guess : 1234
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0 Cows = 2
Enter your guess : 1256
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 0 Cows = 2
Enter your guess : 2178
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 1 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2519
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2569
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2579
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2589
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2539
Your score for this guess: Bulls = 3 Cows = 0
Enter your guess : 2549
You've won with 9 valid guesses!
Lasso
This game uses an HTML form to submit the answer. The random number and history are stored in a session using Lasso's built in session management.
[
define randomizer() => {
local(n = string)
while(#n->size < 4) => {
local(r = integer_random(1,9)->asString)
#n !>> #r ? #n->append(#r)
}
return #n
}
define cowbullchecker(n::string,a::string) => {
integer(#n) == integer(#a) ? return (:true,map('cows'=0,'bulls'=4,'choice'=#a))
local(cowbull = map('cows'=0,'bulls'=0,'choice'=#a),'checked' = array)
loop(4) => {
if(#checked !>> integer(#a->values->get(loop_count))) => {
#checked->insert(integer(#a->values->get(loop_count)))
if(integer(#n->values->get(loop_count)) == integer(#a->values->get(loop_count))) => {
#cowbull->find('bulls') += 1
else(#n->values >> #a->values->get(loop_count))
#cowbull->find('cows') += 1
}
}
}
#cowbull->find('bulls') == 4 ? return (:true,map('cows'=0,'bulls'=4,'choice'=#a))
return (:true,#cowbull)
}
session_start('user')
session_addvar('user', 'num')
session_addvar('user', 'historic_choices')
// set up rand
var(num)->isNotA(::string) ? var(num = randomizer)
var(historic_choices)->isNotA(::array) ? var(historic_choices = array)
local(success = false)
// check answer
if(web_request->param('a')->asString->size) => {
local(success,result) = cowbullchecker($num,web_request->param('a')->asString)
$historic_choices->insert(#result)
}
if(web_request->params->asStaticArray >> 'restart') => {
$num = randomizer
$historic_choices = array
}
]
<h1>Bulls and Cows</h1>
<p>Guess the 4-digit number...</p>
<p>Your win if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number.
- A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in your guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.
- A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in your guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.
</p>
[
local(win = false)
if($historic_choices->size) => {
with c in $historic_choices do => {^
'<p>'+#c->find('choice')+': Bulls: '+#c->find('bulls')+', Cows: '+#c->find('cows')
if(#c->find('bulls') == 4) => {^
' - YOU WIN!'
#win = true
^}
'</p>'
^}
}
if(not #win) => {^
]
<form action="?" method="post">
<input name="a" value="[web_request->param('a')->asString]" size="5">
<input type="submit" name="guess">
<a href="?restart">Restart</a>
</form>
[else
'<a href="?restart">Restart</a>'
^}]
{{out}} Game in progress:
Bulls and Cows
Guess the 4-digit number...
Your win if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number.
- A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in your guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.
- A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in your guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.
4567: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1
4567: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1
(input box) (submit button) Restart
{{out}} Game in to completion:
Bulls and Cows
Guess the 4-digit number...
Your win if the guess is the same as the randomly chosen number.
- A score of one bull is accumulated for each digit in your guess that equals the corresponding digit in the randomly chosen initial number.
- A score of one cow is accumulated for each digit in your guess that also appears in the randomly chosen number, but in the wrong position.
1234: Bulls: 0, Cows: 2
1256: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1
1789: Bulls: 0, Cows: 1
1222: Bulls: 0, Cows: 0
3456: Bulls: 1, Cows: 2
3564: Bulls: 0, Cows: 3
3567: Bulls: 0, Cows: 2
8564: Bulls: 0, Cows: 2
3564: Bulls: 0, Cows: 3
4365: Bulls: 0, Cows: 3
5436: Bulls: 2, Cows: 1
5478: Bulls: 2, Cows: 0
5463: Bulls: 3, Cows: 0
5468: Bulls: 2, Cows: 0
5493: Bulls: 4, Cows: 0 - YOU WIN!
Restart
Liberty BASIC
do while len( secret$) <4
c$ =chr$( int( rnd( 1) *9) +49)
if not( instr( secret$, c$)) then secret$ =secret$ +c$
loop
print " Secret number has been guessed.... "; secret$
guesses = 0
[loop]
print " Your guess ";
input " "; guess$
guesses = guesses +1
r$ =score$( guess$, secret$)
bulls =val( word$( r$, 1, ","))
cows =val( word$( r$, 2, ","))
print " Result: "; bulls; " bulls, and "; cows; " cows"
print
if guess$ =secret$ then
print " You won after "; guesses; " guesses!"
print " You guessed it in "; guesses
print " Thanks for playing!"
wait
end if
goto [loop]
end ' _____________________________________________________________
function check( i$) ' check =0 if no digit repeats, else =1
check =0
for i =1 to 3
for j =i +1 to 4
if mid$( i$, i, 1) =mid$( i$, j, 1) then check =1
next j
next i
end function
function score$( a$, b$) ' return as a csv string the number of bulls & cows.
bulls = 0: cows = 0
for i = 1 to 4
c$ = mid$( a$, i, 1)
if mid$( b$, i, 1) = c$ then
bulls = bulls + 1
else
if instr( b$, c$) <>0 and instr( b$, c$) <>i then
cows = cows + 1
end if
end if
next i
score$ =str$( bulls); ","; str$( cows)
end function
[quit]
close #w
end
Logo
{{works with|UCB Logo}}
to ok? :n
output (and [number? :n] [4 = count :n] [4 = count remdup :n] [not member? 0 :n])
end
to init
do.until [make "hidden random 10000] [ok? :hidden]
end
to guess :n
if not ok? :n [print [Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)] stop]
localmake "bulls 0
localmake "cows 0
foreach :n [cond [
[[? = item # :hidden] make "bulls 1 + :bulls]
[[member? ? :hidden] make "cows 1 + :cows ]
]]
(print :bulls "bulls, :cows "cows)
if :bulls = 4 [print [You guessed it!]]
end
Lua
function ShuffleArray(array) for i=1,#array-1 do local t = math.random(i, #array) array[i], array[t] = array[t], array[i] end end function GenerateNumber() local digits = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} ShuffleArray(digits) return digits[1] * 1000 + digits[2] * 100 + digits[3] * 10 + digits[4] end function IsMalformed(input) local malformed = false if #input == 4 then local already_used = {} for i=1,4 do local digit = input:byte(i) - string.byte('0') if digit < 1 or digit > 9 or already_used[digit] then malformed = true break end already_used[digit] = true end else malformed = true end return malformed end math.randomseed(os.time()) math.randomseed(math.random(2^31-1)) -- since os.time() only returns seconds print("\nWelcome to Bulls and Cows!") print("") print("The object of this game is to guess the random 4-digit number that the") print("computer has chosen. The number is generated using only the digits 1-9,") print("with no repeated digits. Each time you enter a guess, you will score one") print("\"bull\" for each digit in your guess that matches the corresponding digit") print("in the computer-generated number, and you will score one \"cow\" for each") print("digit in your guess that appears in the computer-generated number, but is") print("in the wrong position. Use this information to refine your guesses. When") print("you guess the correct number, you win."); print("") quit = false repeat magic_number = GenerateNumber() magic_string = tostring(magic_number) -- Easier to do scoring with a string repeat io.write("\nEnter your guess (or 'Q' to quit): ") user_input = io.read() if user_input == 'Q' or user_input == 'q' then quit = true break end if not IsMalformed(user_input) then if user_input == magic_string then print("YOU WIN!!!") else local bulls, cows = 0, 0 for i=1,#user_input do local find_result = magic_string:find(user_input:sub(i,i)) if find_result and find_result == i then bulls = bulls + 1 elseif find_result then cows = cows + 1 end end print(string.format("You scored %d bulls, %d cows", bulls, cows)) end else print("Malformed input. You must enter a 4-digit number with") print("no repeated digits, using only the digits 1-9.") end until user_input == magic_string if not quit then io.write("\nPress <Enter> to play again or 'Q' to quit: ") user_input = io.read() if user_input == 'Q' or user_input == 'q' then quit = true end end if quit then print("\nGoodbye!") end until quit
M2000 Interpreter
Module Game {
Malformed=lambda (a$)->{
=true
if len(a$)<>4 then exit
n=0 : dummy=val(a$,"int",n)
if n<>5 or dummy=0 then exit
for i=1 to 9
if len(filter$(a$,str$(i,0)))<3 then break
next i
=false
}
BullsAndCows$=lambda$ (a$, b$, &ok) ->{
Def b, c
for i=1 to 4
if mid$(a$,i,1)=mid$(b$,i,1) then
b++
else.if instr(b$,mid$(a$,i,1))>0 then
c++
end if
next i
ok=b=4
=format$("bulls {0}, cows {1}", b, c)
}
Random$=lambda$ ->{
def repl$, bank$, c$
bank$="123456789"
for i=1 to 4
c$=mid$(bank$,random(1,len(bank$)),1)
bank$=filter$(bank$, c$)
repl$+=c$
next i
=repl$
}
target$=Random$()
def boolean win=false, a$
do
do
Input "Next guess ";a%
a$=str$(a%,0)
if Malformed(a$) then Print "Malformed input, try again" else exit
always
Print BullsAndCows$(a$, target$, &win)
if win then exit
Print "Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)"
always
Print "You guess it"
}
Game
Maple
BC := proc(n) #where n is the number of turns the user wishes to play before they quit
local target, win, numGuesses, guess, bulls, cows, i, err;
target := [0, 0, 0, 0]:
randomize(); #This is a command that makes sure that the numbers are truly randomized each time, otherwise your first time will always give the same result.
while member(0, target) or numelems({op(target)}) < 4 do #loop continues to generate random numbers until you get one with no repeating digits or 0s
target := [seq(parse(i), i in convert(rand(1234..9876)(), string))]: #a list of random numbers
end do:
win := false:
numGuesses := 0:
while win = false and numGuesses < n do #loop allows the user to play until they win or until a set amount of turns have passed
err := true;
while err do #loop asks for values until user enters a valid number
printf("Please enter a 4 digit integer with no repeating digits\n");
try#catches any errors in user input
guess := [seq(parse(i), i in readline())];
if hastype(guess, 'Not(numeric)', 'exclude_container') then
printf("Postive integers only! Please guess again.\n\n");
elif numelems(guess) <> 4 then
printf("4 digit numbers only! Please guess again.\n\n");
elif numelems({op(guess)}) < 4 then
printf("No repeating digits! Please guess again.\n\n");
elif member(0, guess) then
printf("No 0s! Please guess again.\n\n");
else
err := false;
end if;
catch:
printf("Invalid input. Please guess again.\n\n");
end try;
end do:
numGuesses := numGuesses + 1;
printf("Guess %a: %a\n", numGuesses, guess);
bulls := 0;
cows := 0;
for i to 4 do #loop checks for bulls and cows in the user's guess
if target[i] = guess[i] then
bulls := bulls + 1;
elif member(target[i], guess) then
cows := cows + 1;
end if;
end do;
if bulls = 4 then
win := true;
printf("The number was %a.\n", target);
printf(StringTools[FormatMessage]("You won with %1 %{1|guesses|guess|guesses}.", numGuesses));
else
printf(StringTools[FormatMessage]("%1 %{1|Cows|Cow|Cows}, %2 %{2|Bulls|Bull|Bulls}.\n\n", cows, bulls));
end if;
end do:
if win = false and numGuesses >= n then
printf("You lost! The number was %a.\n", target);
end if;
return NULL;
end proc:
{{out}}
Please enter a 4 digit integer with no repeating digits
Guess 1: [1, 2, 3, 4]
1 Cow, 1 Bull.
Please enter a 4 digit integer with no repeating digits
Guess 2: [2, 3, 4, 5]
0 Cows, 1 Bull.
...
Mathematica
digits=Last@FixedPointList[If[Length@Union@#==4,#,Table[Random[Integer,{1,9}],{4}]]&,{}]
codes=ToCharacterCode[StringJoin[ToString/@digits]];
Module[{r,bulls,cows},
While[True,
r=InputString[];
If[r===$Canceled,Break[],
With[{userCodes=ToCharacterCode@r},
If[userCodes===codes,Print[r<>": You got it!"];Break[],
If[Length@userCodes==Length@codes,
bulls=Count[userCodes-codes,0];cows=Length@Intersection[codes,userCodes]-bulls;
Print[r<>": "<>ToString[bulls]<>"bull(s), "<>ToString@cows<>"cow(s)."],
Print["Guess four digits."]]]]]]]
Output:
{8, 2, 6, 1}
3432: 0 bull(s), 1 cow(s).
Illegal input.
8261: You got it!
MATLAB
function BullsAndCows % Plays the game Bulls and Cows as the "game master" % Create a secret number nDigits = 4; lowVal = 1; highVal = 9; digitList = lowVal:highVal; secret = zeros(1, 4); for k = 1:nDigits idx = randi(length(digitList)); secret(k) = digitList(idx); digitList(idx) = []; end % Give game information fprintf('Welcome to Bulls and Cows!\n') fprintf('Try to guess the %d-digit number (no repeated digits).\n', nDigits) fprintf('Digits are between %d and %d (inclusive).\n', lowVal, highVal) fprintf('Score: 1 Bull per correct digit in correct place.\n') fprintf(' 1 Cow per correct digit in incorrect place.\n') fprintf('The number has been chosen. Now it''s your moooooove!\n') gs = input('Guess: ', 's'); % Loop until user guesses right or quits (no guess) nGuesses = 1; while gs gn = str2double(gs); if isnan(gn) || length(gn) > 1 % Not a scalar fprintf('Malformed guess. Keep to valid scalars.\n') gs = input('Try again: ', 's'); else g = sprintf('%d', gn) - '0'; if length(g) ~= nDigits || any(g < lowVal) || any(g > highVal) || ... length(unique(g)) ~= nDigits % Invalid number for game fprintf('Malformed guess. Remember:\n') fprintf(' %d digits\n', nDigits) fprintf(' Between %d and %d inclusive\n', lowVal, highVal) fprintf(' No repeated digits\n') gs = input('Try again: ', 's'); else score = CountBullsCows(g, secret); if score(1) == nDigits fprintf('You win! Bully for you! Only %d guesses.\n', nGuesses) gs = ''; else fprintf('Score: %d Bulls, %d Cows\n', score) gs = input('Guess: ', 's'); end end end nGuesses = nGuesses+1; % Counts malformed guesses end end function score = CountBullsCows(guess, correct) % Checks the guessed array of digits against the correct array to find the score % Assumes arrays of same length and valid numbers bulls = guess == correct; cows = ismember(guess(~bulls), correct); score = [sum(bulls) sum(cows)]; end
{{out}}
Welcome to Bulls and Cows!
Try to guess the 4-digit number (no repeated digits).
Digits are between 1 and 9 (inclusive).
Score: 1 Bull per correct digit in correct place.
1 Cow per correct digit in incorrect place.
The number has been chosen. Now it's your moooooove!
Guess: 1234
Score: 0 Bulls, 2 Cows
Guess: 2156
Score: 0 Bulls, 1 Cows
Guess: 7819
Score: 0 Bulls, 1 Cows
Guess: 3457
Score: 0 Bulls, 2 Cows
Guess: hello
Malformed guess. Keep to valid scalars.
Try again: 1123
Malformed guess. Remember:
4 digits
Between 1 and 9 inclusive
No repeated digits
Try again: 34567
Malformed guess. Remember:
4 digits
Between 1 and 9 inclusive
No repeated digits
Try again: 4368
You win! Bully for you! Only 8 guesses.
MAXScript
numCount = 4 -- number of digits to use
digits = #(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
num = ""
while num.count < numCount and digits.count > 0 do
(
local r = random 1 digits.count
append num (digits[r] as string)
deleteitem digits r
)
digits = undefined
numGuesses = 0
inf = "Rules: \n1. Choose only % unique digits in any combination"+\
" (0 can't be used).\n2. Only positive integers are allowed."+\
"\n3. For each digit that is in it's place, you get a bull,\n"+\
"\tand for each digit that is not in it's place, you get a cow."+\
"\n4. The game is won when your number matches the number I chose."+\
"\n\nPress [esc] to quit the game.\n\n"
clearlistener()
format inf num.count
while not keyboard.escpressed do
(
local userVal = getkbvalue prompt:"\nEnter your number: "
if (userVal as string) == num do
(
format "\nCorrect! The number is %. It took you % moves.\n" num numGuesses
exit with OK
)
local bulls = 0
local cows = 0
local badInput = false
case of
(
(classof userVal != integer):
(
format "\nThe number must be a positive integer.\n"
badInput = true
)
((userVal as string).count != num.count):
(
format "\nThe number must have % digits.\n" num.count
badInput = true
)
((makeuniquearray (for i in 1 to (userVal as string).count \
collect (userVal as string)[i])).count != (userVal as string).count):
(
format "\nThe number can only have unique digits.\n"
badInput = true
)
)
if not badInput do
(
userVal = userVal as string
i = 1
while i <= userVal.count do
(
for j = 1 to num.count do
(
if userVal[i] == num[j] do
(
if i == j then bulls += 1 else cows += 1
)
)
i += 1
)
numGuesses += 1
format "\nBulls: % Cows: %\n" bulls cows
)
)
{{out}}
- Choose only 4 unique digits in any combination (0 can't be used).
- Only positive integers are allowed.
- For each digit that is in it's place, you get a bull, and for each digit that is not in it's place, you get a cow.
- The game is won when your number matches the number I chose.
Press [esc] to quit the game.
OK
Enter your number: 2468 Bulls: 0 Cows: 2
Enter your number: 2448 The number can only have unique digits.
Enter your number: 1357 Bulls: 0 Cows: 1
## MiniScript
```MiniScript
secret = range(1,9)
secret.shuffle
secret = secret[:4].join("")
while true
guess = input("Your guess? ").split("")
if guess.len != 4 then
print "Please enter 4 numbers, with no spaces."
continue
end if
bulls = 0
cows = 0
for i in guess.indexes
if secret[i] == guess[i] then
bulls = bulls + 1
else if secret.indexOf(guess[i]) != null then
cows = cows + 1
end if
end for
if bulls == 4 then
print "You got it! Great job!"
break
end if
print "You score " + bulls + " bull" + "s"*(bulls!=1) +
" and " + cows + " cow" + "s"*(cows!=1) + "."
end while
{{out}}
Your guess? 2385
You score 0 bulls and 2 cows.
Your guess? 2323
You score 0 bulls and 2 cows.
Your guess? 2211
You score 2 bulls and 1 cow.
...
Your guess? 8542
You score 3 bulls and 0 cows.
Your guess? 8642
You got it! Great job!
MUMPS
BullCow New bull,cow,guess,guessed,ii,number,pos,x
Set number="",x=1234567890
For ii=1:1:4 Do
. Set pos=$Random($Length(x))+1
. Set number=number_$Extract(x,pos)
. Set $Extract(x,pos)=""
. Quit
Write !,"The computer has selected a number that consists"
Write !,"of four different digits."
Write !!,"As you are guessing the number, ""bulls"" and ""cows"""
Write !,"will be awarded: a ""bull"" for each digit that is"
Write !,"placed in the correct position, and a ""cow"" for each"
Write !,"digit that occurs in the number, but in a different place.",!
Write !,"For a guess, enter 4 digits."
Write !,"Any other input is interpreted as ""I give up"".",!
Set guessed=0 For Do Quit:guessed
. Write !,"Your guess: " Read guess If guess'?4n Set guessed=-1 Quit
. Set (bull,cow)=0,x=guess
. For ii=4:-1:1 If $Extract(x,ii)=$Extract(number,ii) Do
. . Set bull=bull+1,$Extract(x,ii)=""
. . Quit
. For ii=1:1:$Length(x) Set:number[$Extract(x,ii) cow=cow+1
. Write !,"You guessed ",guess,". That earns you "
. If 'bull,'cow Write "neither bulls nor cows..." Quit
. If bull Write bull," bull" Write:bull>1 "s"
. If cow Write:bull " and " Write cow," cow" Write:cow>1 "s"
. Write "."
. If bull=4 Set guessed=1 Write !,"That's a perfect score."
. Quit
If guessed<0 Write !!,"The number was ",number,".",!
Quit
Do BullCow
The computer has selected a number that consists
of four different digits.
As you are guessing the number, "bulls" and "cows"
will be awarded: a "bull" for each digit that is
placed in the correct position, and a "cow" for each
digit that occurs in the number, but in a different place.
For a guess, enter 4 digits.
Any other input is interpreted as "I give up".
Your guess: 1234
You guessed 1234. That earns you 1 cow.
Your guess: 5678
You guessed 5678. That earns you 1 cow.
Your guess: 9815
You guessed 9815. That earns you 1 cow.
Your guess: 9824
You guessed 9824. That earns you 2 cows.
Your guess: 9037
You guessed 9037. That earns you 1 bull and 2 cows.
Your guess: 9048
You guessed 2789. That earns you 1 bull and 2 cows.
Your guess: 2079
You guessed 2079. That earns you 1 bull and 3 cows.
Your guess: 2709
You guessed 2709. That earns you 2 bulls and 2 cows.
Your guess: 0729
You guessed 0729. That earns you 4 cows.
Your guess: 2907
You guessed 2907. That earns you 4 bulls.
That's a perfect score.
Nim
{{trans|Python}}
import random, strutils, rdstdin randomize() proc random(a: string): char = a[random(0..a.len)] const digits = "123456789" size = 4 var digitsSet: set[char] = {} for d in digits: digitsSet.incl d var chosen = newString(size) for i in 0..chosen.high: chosen[i] = random(digits) echo """I have chosen a number from $# unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a $# digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen""".format(size, size) var guesses = 0 while true: inc guesses var guess = "" while true: guess = readLineFromStdin("\nNext guess [$#]: ".format(guesses)).strip() if guess.len == size and allCharsInSet(guess, digitsSet): break echo "Problem, try again. You need to enter $# unique digits from 1 to 9".format(size) if guess == chosen: echo "\nCongratulations you guessed correctly in ",guesses," attempts" break var bulls, cows = 0 for i in 0 .. <size: if guess[i] == chosen[i]: inc bulls if guess[i] in chosen: inc cows echo " $# Bulls\n $# Cows".format(bulls, cows)
Sample output:
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen
1195
Next guess [1]: 79
Problem, try again. You need to enter 4 unique digits from 1 to 9
Next guess [1]: 7983
0 Bulls
1 Cows
Next guess [2]: 1293
2 Bulls
2 Cows
Next guess [3]: 1193
3 Bulls
3 Cows
Next guess [4]: 1195
Congratulations you guessed correctly in 4 attempts
OCaml
let rec input () = let s = read_line () in try if String.length s <> 4 then raise Exit; String.iter (function | '1'..'9' -> () | _ -> raise Exit ) s; let t = [ s.[0]; s.[1]; s.[2]; s.[3] ] in let _ = List.fold_left (* reject entry with duplication *) (fun ac b -> if List.mem b ac then raise Exit; (b::ac)) [] t in List.map (fun c -> int_of_string (String.make 1 c)) t with Exit -> prerr_endline "That is an invalid entry. Please try again."; input () ;; let print_score g t = let bull = ref 0 in List.iter2 (fun x y -> if x = y then incr bull ) g t; let cow = ref 0 in List.iter (fun x -> if List.mem x t then incr cow ) g; cow := !cow - !bull; Printf.printf "%d bulls, %d cows\n%!" !bull !cow ;; let () = Random.self_init (); let rec mkgoal acc = function 4 -> acc | i -> let n = succ(Random.int 9) in if List.mem n acc then mkgoal acc i else mkgoal (n::acc) (succ i) in let g = mkgoal [] 0 in let found = ref false in while not !found do let t = input () in if t = g then found := true else print_score g t done; print_endline "Congratulations you guessed correctly"; ;;
Oforth
: bullsAndCows
| numbers guess digits bulls cows |
ListBuffer new ->numbers
while(numbers size 4 <>) [ 9 rand dup numbers include ifFalse: [ numbers add ] else: [ drop ] ]
while(true) [
"Enter a number of 4 different digits between 1 and 9 : " print
System.Console askln ->digits
digits asInteger isNull digits size 4 <> or ifTrue: [ "Number of four digits needed" println continue ]
digits map(#asDigit) ->guess
guess numbers zipWith(#==) occurrences(true) ->bulls
bulls 4 == ifTrue: [ "You won !" println return ]
guess filter(#[numbers include]) size bulls - ->cows
System.Out "Bulls = " << bulls << ", cows = " << cows << cr
] ;
ooRexx
The solution at [[#Version_2|Rexx Version 2]] is a valid ooRexx program.
Oz
declare
proc {Main}
Solution = {PickNUnique 4 {List.number 1 9 1}}
proc {Loop}
Guess = {EnterGuess}
in
{System.showInfo
{Bulls Guess Solution}#" bulls and "#
{Cows Guess Solution}#" cows"}
if Guess \= Solution then {Loop} end
end
in
{Loop}
{System.showInfo "You have won!"}
end
fun {Bulls Xs Sol}
{Length {Filter {List.zip Xs Sol Value.'=='} Id}}
end
fun {Cows Xs Sol}
{Length {Intersection Xs Sol}}
end
local
class TextFile from Open.file Open.text end
StdIn = {New TextFile init(name:stdin)}
in
fun {EnterGuess}
try
{System.printInfo "Enter your guess (e.g. \"1234\"): "}
S = {StdIn getS($)}
in
%% verify
{Length S} = 4
{All S Char.isDigit} = true
{FD.distinct S} %% assert there is no duplicate digit
%% convert from digits to numbers
{Map S fun {$ D} D-&0 end}
catch _ then
{EnterGuess}
end
end
end
fun {PickNUnique N Xs}
{FoldL {MakeList N}
fun {$ Z _}
{Pick {Diff Xs Z}}|Z
end
nil}
end
fun {Pick Xs}
{Nth Xs {OS.rand} mod {Length Xs} + 1}
end
fun {Diff Xs Ys}
{FoldL Ys List.subtract Xs}
end
fun {Intersection Xs Ys}
{Filter Xs fun {$ X} {Member X Ys} end}
end
fun {Id X} X end
in
{Main}
PARI/GP
This simple implementation expects guesses in the form [a,b,c,d].
bc()={
my(u,v,bulls,cows);
while(#vecsort(v=vector(4,i,random(9)+1),,8)<4,);
while(bulls<4,
u=input();
if(type(u)!="t_VEC"|#u!=4,next);
bulls=sum(i=1,4,u[i]==v[i]);
cows=sum(i=1,4,sum(j=1,4,i!=j&v[i]==u[j]));
print("You have "bulls" bulls and "cows" cows")
)
};
Pascal
Program BullCow; {$mode objFPC} uses Math, SysUtils; type TFourDigit = array[1..4] of integer; Procedure WriteFourDigit(fd: TFourDigit); { Write out a TFourDigit with no line break following. } var i: integer; begin for i := 1 to 4 do begin Write(fd[i]); end; end; Function WellFormed(Tentative: TFourDigit): Boolean; { Does the TFourDigit avoid repeating digits? } var current, check: integer; begin Result := True; for current := 1 to 4 do begin for check := current + 1 to 4 do begin if Tentative[check] = Tentative[current] then begin Result := False; end; end; end; end; Function MakeNumber(): TFourDigit; { Make a random TFourDigit, keeping trying until it is well-formed. } var i: integer; begin for i := 1 to 4 do begin Result[i] := RandomRange(1, 9); end; if not WellFormed(Result) then begin Result := MakeNumber(); end; end; Function StrToFourDigit(s: string): TFourDigit; { Convert an (input) string to a TFourDigit. } var i: integer; begin for i := 1 to Length(s) do begin StrToFourDigit[i] := StrToInt(s[i]); end; end; Function Wins(Num, Guess: TFourDigit): Boolean; { Does the guess win? } var i: integer; begin Result := True; for i := 1 to 4 do begin if Num[i] <> Guess[i] then begin Result := False; Exit; end; end; end; Function GuessScore(Num, Guess: TFourDigit): string; { Represent the score of the current guess as a string. } var i, j, bulls, cows: integer; begin bulls := 0; cows := 0; { Count the cows and bulls. } for i := 1 to 4 do begin for j := 1 to 4 do begin if (Num[i] = Guess[j]) then begin { If the indices are the same, that would be a bull. } if (i = j) then begin bulls := bulls + 1; end else begin cows := cows + 1; end; end; end; end; { Format the result as a sentence. } Result := IntToStr(bulls) + ' bulls, ' + IntToStr(cows) + ' cows.'; end; Function GetGuess(): TFourDigit; { Get a well-formed user-supplied TFourDigit guess. } var input: string; begin WriteLn('Enter a guess:'); ReadLn(input); { Must be 4 digits. } if Length(input) = 4 then begin Result := StrToFourDigit(input); if not WellFormed(Result) then begin WriteLn('Four unique digits, please.'); Result := GetGuess(); end; end else begin WriteLn('Please guess a four-digit number.'); Result := GetGuess(); end; end; var Num, Guess: TFourDigit; Turns: integer; begin { Initialize the randymnity. } Randomize(); { Make the secred number. } Num := MakeNumber(); WriteLn('I have a secret number. Guess it!'); Turns := 0; { Guess until the user gets it. } While True do begin Guess := GetGuess(); { Count each guess as a turn. } Turns := Turns + 1; { If the user won, tell them and ditch. } if Wins(Num, Guess) then begin WriteLn('You won in ' + IntToStr(Turns) + ' tries.'); Write('The number was '); WriteFourDigit(Num); WriteLn('!'); Exit; end else { Otherwise, score it and get a new guess. } begin WriteLn(GuessScore(Num, Guess)); end; end; end.
Perl
use Data::Random qw(rand_set); use List::MoreUtils qw(uniq); my $size = 4; my $chosen = join "", rand_set set => ["1".."9"], size => $size; print "I've chosen a number from $size unique digits from 1 to 9; you need to input $size unique digits to guess my number\n"; for ( my $guesses = 1; ; $guesses++ ) { my $guess; while (1) { print "\nNext guess [$guesses]: "; $guess = <STDIN>; chomp $guess; checkguess($guess) and last; print "$size digits, no repetition, no 0... retry\n"; } if ( $guess eq $chosen ) { print "You did it in $guesses attempts!\n"; last; } my $bulls = 0; my $cows = 0; for my $i (0 .. $size-1) { if ( substr($guess, $i, 1) eq substr($chosen, $i, 1) ) { $bulls++; } elsif ( index($chosen, substr($guess, $i, 1)) >= 0 ) { $cows++; } } print "$cows cows, $bulls bulls\n"; } sub checkguess { my $g = shift; return uniq(split //, $g) == $size && $g =~ /^[1-9]{$size}$/; }
Perl 6
{{trans|Python}}
{{works with|Rakudo|2015.12}}
my $size = 4;
my @secret = pick $size, '1' .. '9';
for 1..* -> $guesses {
my @guess;
loop {
@guess = (prompt("Guess $guesses: ") // exit).comb;
last if @guess == $size and
all(@guess) eq one(@guess) & any('1' .. '9');
say 'Malformed guess; try again.';
}
my ($bulls, $cows) = 0, 0;
for ^$size {
when @guess[$_] eq @secret[$_] { ++$bulls; }
when @guess[$_] eq any @secret { ++$cows; }
}
last if $bulls == $size;
say "$bulls bulls, $cows cows.";
}
say 'A winner is you!';
Phix
constant N = 4
function mask(integer ch)
return power(2,ch-'1')
end function
function score(sequence guess, sequence goal)
integer bits = 0, bulls = 0, cows = 0, b
for i=1 to N do
b = goal[i]
if guess[i]=b then
bulls += 1
else
bits += mask(b)
end if
end for
for i=1 to N do
b = mask(guess[i])
if and_bits(bits,b)!=0 then
cows += 1
bits -= b
end if
end for
return {bulls, cows}
end function
procedure game()
sequence tgt = shuffle("123456789")[1..N]
integer attempt = 1, bulls = 0, cows
sequence guess
while bulls<N do
while 1 do
printf(1,"Enter a %d digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:",N)
guess = trim(gets(0))
if length(guess)=N then exit end if
if length(guess)=1 and lower(guess)="q" then
puts(1,"\nthe secret number was:"&tgt)
{} = wait_key()
abort(0)
end if
printf(1," - length is not %d (enter q to give up)\n",N)
end while
{bulls, cows} = score(guess,tgt)
printf(1," Guess %-2d (%s) bulls:%d cows:%d\n",{attempt,guess,bulls,cows})
attempt += 1
end while
puts(1,"Well done!\n")
end procedure
game()
{{out}}
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:5739 Guess 1 (5739) bulls:0 cows:3
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:7193 Guess 2 (7193) bulls:2 cows:1
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:3495 Guess 3 (3495) bulls:0 cows:2
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:7983 Guess 4 (7983) bulls:3 cows:0
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:7963 Guess 5 (7963) bulls:3 cows:0
Enter a 4 digit number using only the digits 1 to 9:7923 Guess 6 (7923) bulls:4 cows:0
Well done!
PHP
<?php $size = 4; $chosen = implode(array_rand(array_flip(range(1,9)), $size)); echo "I've chosen a number from $size unique digits from 1 to 9; you need to input $size unique digits to guess my number\n"; for ($guesses = 1; ; $guesses++) { while (true) { echo "\nNext guess [$guesses]: "; $guess = rtrim(fgets(STDIN)); if (!checkguess($guess)) echo "$size digits, no repetition, no 0... retry\n"; else break; } if ($guess == $chosen) { echo "You did it in $guesses attempts!\n"; break; } else { $bulls = 0; $cows = 0; foreach (range(0, $size-1) as $i) { if ($guess[$i] == $chosen[$i]) $bulls++; else if (strpos($chosen, $guess[$i]) !== FALSE) $cows++; } echo "$cows cows, $bulls bulls\n"; } } function checkguess($g) { global $size; return count(array_unique(str_split($g))) == $size && preg_match("/^[1-9]{{$size}}$/", $g); } ?>
PicoLisp
(de ok? (N) (let D (mapcar 'format (chop N)) (and (num? N) (not (member 0 D)) (= 4 (length D)) (= D (uniq D)) D )) ) (de init-cows () (until (setq *Hidden (ok? (rand 1234 9876)))) ) (de guess (N) (let D (ok? N) (if D (let Bulls (cnt '= D *Hidden) (if (= 4 Bulls) " You guessed it!" (let Cows (- (cnt '((N) (member N *Hidden)) D) Bulls) (pack Bulls " bulls, " Cows " cows") ) ) ) " Bad guess! (4 unique digits, 1-9)" ) ) )
PowerShell
[int]$guesses = $bulls = $cows = 0 [string]$guess = "none" [string]$digits = "" while ($digits.Length -lt 4) { $character = [char](49..57 | Get-Random) if ($digits.IndexOf($character) -eq -1) {$digits += $character} } Write-Host "`nGuess four digits (1-9) using no digit twice.`n" -ForegroundColor Cyan while ($bulls -lt 4) { do { $prompt = "Guesses={0:0#}, Last='{1,4}', Bulls={2}, Cows={3}; Enter your guess" -f $guesses, $guess, $bulls, $cows $guess = Read-Host $prompt if ($guess.Length -ne 4) {Write-Host "`nMust be a four-digit number`n" -ForegroundColor Red} if ($guess -notmatch "[1-9][1-9][1-9][1-9]") {Write-Host "`nMust be numbers 1-9`n" -ForegroundColor Red} } until ($guess.Length -eq 4) $guesses += 1 $bulls = $cows = 0 for ($i = 0; $i -lt 4; $i++) { $character = $digits.Substring($i,1) if ($guess.Substring($i,1) -eq $character) { $bulls += 1 } else { if ($guess.IndexOf($character) -ge 0) { $cows += 1 } } } } Write-Host "`nYou won after $($guesses - 1) guesses." -ForegroundColor Cyan
{{Out}}
Guess four digits (1-9) using no digit twice.
Guesses=00, Last='none', Bulls=0, Cows=0; Enter your guess: 1234
Guesses=01, Last='1234', Bulls=0, Cows=3; Enter your guess: 2345
Guesses=02, Last='2345', Bulls=1, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 2346
Guesses=03, Last='2346', Bulls=1, Cows=1; Enter your guess: 2341
Guesses=04, Last='2341', Bulls=1, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 3241
Guesses=05, Last='3241', Bulls=0, Cows=3; Enter your guess: 4321
Guesses=06, Last='4321', Bulls=1, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 5321
Guesses=07, Last='5321', Bulls=2, Cows=2; Enter your guess: 5312
You won after 7 guesses.
Processing
Produces both a console transcript and a GUI interface to the game. Creates a new game each time the guess is correct; tracks number of games won.
IntDict score;
StringList choices;
StringList guess;
StringList secret;
int gamesWon = -1;
void setup() {
choices = new StringList("0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9");
newGame();
}
void newGame() {
gamesWon++;
choices.shuffle();
secret = new StringList();
for (int i=0; i<4; i++) { // selections
secret.append(choices.get(i));
}
newGuess();
println("\nsecret:", secret, "\n");
}
void newGuess() {
guess = new StringList();
score = null;
}
void draw() {
background(0);
text("Bulls & Cows " + gamesWon, 5, 20);
for (int i=0; i<guess.size(); i++) {
text(guess.get(i), 20*i+10, height/2);
}
if (score!=null) {
text("bulls:" + score.get("bulls") + " cows:" + score.get("cows"), 10, height-20);
}
}
void keyReleased() {
if (score!=null && score.get("bulls")==4) newGame();
if (guess.size()==secret.size()) newGuess();
if (guess.hasValue(str(key))) newGuess();
if (key>=48 && key<=57) guess.append(str(key));
if (guess.size()==secret.size()) {
score = checkScore(secret, guess);
println("guess: ", guess, "\n", score, "wins:", gamesWon);
}
}
IntDict checkScore(StringList secret, StringList guess) {
IntDict result = new IntDict();
result.set("bulls", 0);
result.set("cows", 0);
for (int i=0; i<guess.size(); i++) {
if (guess.get(i).equals(secret.get(i))) {
result.add("bulls", 1);
} else if (secret.hasValue(guess.get(i))) {
result.add("cows", 1);
}
}
return result;
}
Prolog
Works with SWI-Prolog 6.1.8 (for predicate '''foldl'''), module lambda, written by '''Ulrich Neumerkel''' found there http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/Prolog-inedit/lambda.pl and module clpfd written by '''Markus Triska'''.
:- use_module(library(lambda)).
:- use_module(library(clpfd)).
% Parameters of the server
% length of the guess
proposition(4).
% Numbers of digits
% 0 -> 8
digits(8).
bulls_and_cows_server :-
proposition(LenGuess),
length(Solution, LenGuess),
choose(Solution),
repeat,
write('Your guess : '),
read(Guess),
( study(Solution, Guess, Bulls, Cows)
-> format('Bulls : ~w Cows : ~w~n', [Bulls, Cows]),
Bulls = LenGuess
; digits(Digits), Max is Digits + 1,
format('Guess must be of ~w digits between 1 and ~w~n',
[LenGuess, Max]),
fail).
choose(Solution) :-
digits(Digits),
Max is Digits + 1,
repeat,
maplist(\X^(X is random(Max) + 1), Solution),
all_distinct(Solution),
!.
study(Solution, Guess, Bulls, Cows) :-
proposition(LenGuess),
digits(Digits),
% compute the transformation 1234 => [1,2,3,4]
atom_chars(Guess, Chars),
maplist(\X^Y^(atom_number(X, Y)), Chars, Ms),
% check that the guess is well formed
length(Ms, LenGuess),
maplist(\X^(X > 0, X =< Digits+1), Ms),
% compute the digit in good place
foldl(\X^Y^V0^V1^((X = Y->V1 is V0+1; V1 = V0)),Solution, Ms, 0, Bulls),
% compute the digits in bad place
foldl(\Y1^V2^V3^(foldl(\X2^Z2^Z3^(X2 = Y1 -> Z3 is Z2+1; Z3 = Z2), Ms, 0, TT1),
V3 is V2+ TT1),
Solution, 0, TT),
Cows is TT - Bulls.
PureBasic
Define.s secret, guess, c
Define.i bulls, cows, guesses, i
If OpenConsole()
While Len(secret) < 4
c = Chr(Random(8) + 49)
If FindString(secret, c, 1) = 0
secret + c
EndIf
Wend
Repeat
Print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ")
guess = Input()
If Len(guess) = 0
Break ;break from loop
EndIf
isMalformedGuess = #False
If Len(guess) <> 4
;guess is too short
isMalformedGuess = #True
Else
For i = 1 To 4
c = Mid(guess, i, 1)
If Not FindString("123456789", c, 1) Or CountString(guess, c) <> 1
;guess contains either non-digits or duplicate digits
isMalformedGuess = #True
Break ;break from For/Next loop
EndIf
Next
EndIf
If isMalformedGuess
PrintN("** You should enter 4 different numeric digits that are each from 1 to 9!")
Continue ;continue loop
EndIf
bulls = 0: cows = 0: guesses = guesses + 1
For i = 1 To 4
c = Mid(secret, i, 1)
If Mid(guess, i, 1) = c
bulls + 1
ElseIf FindString(guess, c, 1)
cows + 1
EndIf
Next
Print( Str(bulls) + " bull")
If bulls <> 1
Print( "s")
EndIf
Print( ", " + Str(cows) + " cow")
If cows <> 1
PrintN( "s")
Else
PrintN("")
EndIf
If guess = secret
PrintN("You won after " + Str(guesses) + " guesses!")
Break ;break from loop
EndIf
ForEver
Print(#CRLF$ + #CRLF$ + "Press ENTER to exit")
Input()
CloseConsole()
EndIf
Python
''' Bulls and cows. A game pre-dating, and similar to, Mastermind. ''' import random digits = '123456789' size = 4 chosen = ''.join(random.sample(digits,size)) #print chosen # Debug print '''I have chosen a number from %s unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a %i digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen''' % (size, size) guesses = 0 while True: guesses += 1 while True: # get a good guess guess = raw_input('\nNext guess [%i]: ' % guesses).strip() if len(guess) == size and \ all(char in digits for char in guess) \ and len(set(guess)) == size: break print "Problem, try again. You need to enter %i unique digits from 1 to 9" % size if guess == chosen: print '\nCongratulations you guessed correctly in',guesses,'attempts' break bulls = cows = 0 for i in range(size): if guess[i] == chosen[i]: bulls += 1 elif guess[i] in chosen: cows += 1 print ' %i Bulls\n %i Cows' % (bulls, cows)
Sample output:
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen
Next guess [1]: 79
Problem, try again. You need to enter 4 unique digits from 1 to 9
Next guess [1]: 7983
2 Bulls
2 Cows
Next guess [2]: 7938
Congratulations you guessed correctly in 2 attempts
R
{{works with|R|2.8.1}}
target <- sample(1:9,4) bulls <- 0 cows <- 0 attempts <- 0 while (bulls != 4) { input <- readline("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits or 0s: ") if (nchar(input) == 4) { input <- as.integer(strsplit(input,"")[[1]]) if ((sum(is.na(input)+sum(input==0))>=1) | (length(table(input)) != 4)) {print("Malformed input!")} else { bulls <- sum(input == target) cows <- sum(input %in% target)-bulls cat("\n",bulls," Bull(s) and ",cows, " Cow(s)\n") attempts <- attempts + 1 } } else {print("Malformed input!")} } print(paste("You won in",attempts,"attempt(s)!"))
Racket
#lang racket
; secret : (listof exact-nonnegative-integer?)
(define secret
(foldr (λ (n result)
(cons n (map (λ (y) (if (>= y n) (add1 y) y))
result)))
'()
(map random '(10 9 8 7))))
; (count-bulls/cows guess) -> (values exact-nonnegative-integer?
; exact-nonnegative-integer?)
; guess : (listof exact-nonnegative-integer?)
(define (count-bulls/cows guess)
(let* ([bulls (map = guess secret)]
[cow-candidates (filter-map (λ (x y) (if (false? x) y #f))
bulls
secret)]
[cows (filter (curryr member cow-candidates) guess)])
(values (length (filter ((curry equal?) #t) bulls))
(length cows))))
; (valid-guess guess-str) -> (or/c (listof exact-nonnegative-integer?) #f)
; guess-str : string?
(define (valid-guess guess-str)
(define (char->digit c)
(- (char->integer c) (char->integer #\0)))
(if (regexp-match-exact? #px"[0-9]{4}" guess-str)
(let ([guess (map char->digit (string->list guess-str))])
(if (andmap (λ (x) (equal? (count ((curry equal?) x) guess) 1))
guess)
guess
#f))
#f))
; Game states
(define win #t)
(define game #f)
; (main-loop state step) -> void?
; state : boolean?
; step : exact-nonnegative-integer?
(define (main-loop state step)
(if (equal? state win)
(printf "You won after ~a guesses." step)
(begin
(let* ([guess-str (read-line)]
[guess (valid-guess guess-str)])
(if (false? guess)
(begin (displayln "Guess should include exactly four different digits")
(main-loop state step))
(let-values ([(bulls cows) (count-bulls/cows guess)])
(if (= bulls 4)
(main-loop win (add1 step))
(begin (printf "Bulls: ~a Cows: ~a\n" bulls cows)
(main-loop state (add1 step))))))))))
(main-loop game 0)
Output:
1234
Bulls: 0 Cows: 1
21345
Guess should include exactly four different digits
2134
Bulls: 1 Cows: 0
2314
Bulls: 0 Cows: 1
5167
Bulls: 1 Cows: 1
5189
Bulls: 1 Cows: 2
0189
Bulls: 1 Cows: 2
8179
Bulls: 1 Cows: 3
7198
You won after 8 guesses.
Red
Red[]
a: "0123456789"
bulls: 0
random/seed now/time
number: copy/part random a 4
while [bulls <> 4] [
bulls: 0
cows: 0
guess: ask "make a guess: "
repeat i 4 [
if (pick guess i) = (pick number i) [bulls: bulls + 1]
]
cows: (length? intersect guess number) - bulls
print ["bulls: " bulls " cows: " cows]
]
print "You won!"
REXX
This game is also known as: :::::::* Pigs and Bulls :::::::* Bulls and Cleots :::::::* Mastermind :::::::* Master Mind
version 1
This REXX version of Bulls and Cows doesn't allow repeated digits (in the computer-generated number),
nor the use of the zero digit.
To allow a zero digit, change the '''1''' on the 2nd REXX statement for the '''random''' BIF invocation.
To allow repeated digits in the computer-generated number, delete the 3rd REXX statement '''if pos(r, ?)···''',
and also change the prompt message.
The REXX statement that contains the '''translate''' statement can be removed if repeated digits aren't allowed.
/*REXX program scores the Bulls & Cows game with CBLFs (Carbon Based Life Forms). */
?=; do until length(?)==4; r=random(1, 9) /*generate a unique four-digit number. */
if pos(r, ?)\==0 then iterate /*don't allow a repeated digit/numeral.*/
?=? || r /*add random digit by concatenation. */
end /*until length ···*/ /* [↑] builds a unique four-digit num.*/
$= '──────── [Bulls & Cows] '
do until bulls==4; say /*play until guessed or enters "QUIT".*/
say $ 'Please enter a 4-digit guess (with no zeroes) [or Quit]:'
pull n; n=space(n, 0); if abbrev('QUIT', n, 1) then exit /*wants to quit ?*/
q=?; L=length(n); bulls=0; cows=0 /*initialize some REXX variables. */
do j=1 for L; if substr(n, j, 1)\==substr(q, j, 1) then iterate /*bull?*/
bulls=bulls +1; q=overlay(., q, j) /*bump bull count; disallow for cow.*/
end /*j*/ /* [↑] bull count────────~─────────*/
/*cow ?*/
do k=1 for L; _=substr(n, k, 1); if pos(_, q)==0 then iterate
cows=cows + 1; q=translate(q, , _) /*bump cow count; allow mult digits.*/
end /*k*/ /* [↑] cow count─────────~────────*/
say; @= 'You got' bulls
if L\==0 & bulls\==4 then say $ @ 'bull's(bulls) "and" cows 'cow's(cows).
end /*until bulls==4*/
say
say " ┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐"
say " │ │"
say " │ Congratulations, you've guessed it !! │"
say " │ │"
say " └─────────────────────────────────────────┘"; say
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
s: if arg(1)==1 then return ''; return "s" /*this function handles pluralization. */
Version 2
/*REXX program to play the game of "Bulls & Cows". *******************
* Changes from Version 1:
* ?= -> qq='' (righthandside mandatory and I never use ? as symbol -
* although it is available on all Rexxes)
* implemented singular/plural distinction differently
* change getRand to avoid invalid digit rejection
* check user's input for multiple digits
* add feature MM to ease guessing (MM=Mastermind - a similar game)
* add feature ? to see the solution (for the impatient player)
* program runs as is on ooRexx and on TSO (after changing | to !)
* Made source and output more compact
* formatted source 'my way' 2 July 2012 Walter Pachl
**********************************************************************/
ask='<Bulls & Cows game> Please enter a four-digit guess (or QUIT):'
b.='bulls'; b.1='bull'
c.='cows'; c.1='cow'
qq=getRand()
mm=0
Do Forever
If get_guess()==qq Then leave
Call scorer
Say "You got" bulls b.bulls "and" cows c.cows"."
If mm Then
Say mms
End /*forever*/
Say " *******************************************"
Say " * *"
Say " * Congratulations, you've guessed it !! *"
Say " * *"
Say " *******************************************"
Exit
get_guess: /*get a guess from the guesser. */
do forever
Say ask
Parse Pull guessi
guess=translate(guessi)
bc=verify(guess,987654321)
Select
When guess='?' Then Say qq 'is the correct sequence'
When guess='QUIT' Then Exit
When guess='MM' Then Do
Say 'Mastermind output enabled'
mm=1
End
When guess='' Then Call ser 'no argument specified.'
When words(guess)>1 Then Call ser 'too many arguments specified.'
When verify(0,guess)=0 Then Call ser 'illegal digit: 0'
When bc>0 Then Call ser 'illegal character:' substr(guessi,bc,1)
When length(guess)<4 Then Call ser 'not enough digits'
When length(guess)>4 Then Call ser 'too many digits'
When dups(guess) Then Call ser '4 DIFFERENT digits, please'
Otherwise Do
/********** Say guess ************/
Return guess
End
End
End
getRand:
digits='123456789'
qq=''
Do i=1 To 4
d=random(1,length(digits))
d=substr(digits,d,1)
qq=qq||d
digits=space(translate(digits,' ',d),0)
/************ Say qq digits ************/
End
Return qq
scorer: g=qq
mms='----'
bulls=0
Do j=1 for 4
If substr(guess,j,1)=substr(qq,j,1) Then Do
bulls=bulls+1
guess=overlay(' ',guess,j)
mms=overlay('+',mms,j)
End
End
cows=0
Do j=1 To 4
If pos(substr(guess,j,1),qq)>0 Then Do
cows=cows+1
mms=overlay('.',mms,j)
End
End
Return
dups: Procedure
Parse Arg s
Do i=1 To 3
If pos(substr(s,i,1),substr(s,i+1))>0 Then
Return 1
End
Return 0
ser: Say '*** error ***' arg(1); Return
Ring
# Project : Bulls and cows
secret = ""
while len(secret) != 4
c = char(48 + random(9))
if substr(secret, c) = 0
secret = secret + c
ok
end
see "guess a four-digit number with no digit used twice."
guesses = 0
guess = ""
while true
guess = ""
while len(guess) != 4
see "enter your guess: "
give guess
if len(guess) != 4
see "must be a four-digit number" + nl
ok
end
guesses = guesses + 1
if guess = secret
see "you won after " + guesses + " guesses!"
exit
ok
bulls = 0
cows = 0
for i = 1 to 4
c = secret[i]
if guess[i] = c
bulls = bulls + 1
but substr(guess, c) > 0
cows = cows + 1
ok
next
see "you got " + bulls + " bull(s) and " + cows + " cow(s)." + nl
end
Ruby
Inspired by Tcl {{works with|Ruby|1.8.7+}}
def generate_word(len) [*"1".."9"].shuffle.first(len) # [*"1".."9"].sample(len) ver 1.9+ end def get_guess(len) loop do print "Enter a guess: " guess = gets.strip err = case when guess.match(/[^1-9]/) ; "digits only" when guess.length != len ; "exactly #{len} digits" when guess.split("").uniq.length != len; "digits must be unique" else return guess.split("") end puts "the word must be #{len} unique digits between 1 and 9 (#{err}). Try again." end end def score(word, guess) bulls = cows = 0 guess.each_with_index do |num, idx| if word[idx] == num bulls += 1 elsif word.include? num cows += 1 end end [bulls, cows] end word_length = 4 puts "I have chosen a number with #{word_length} unique digits from 1 to 9." word = generate_word(word_length) count = 0 loop do guess = get_guess(word_length) count += 1 break if word == guess puts "that guess has %d bulls and %d cows" % score(word, guess) end puts "you guessed correctly in #{count} tries."
Inspired by Python {{works with|Ruby|2.0+}}
size = 4 secret = [*'1' .. '9'].sample(size) guess = nil i=0 loop do i+=1 loop do print "Guess #{i}: " guess = gets.chomp.chars exit if guess.empty? break if guess.size == size and guess.all? { |x| ('1'..'9').include? x } and guess.uniq.size == size puts "Problem, try again. You need to enter #{size} unique digits from 1 to 9" end if guess == secret puts "Congratulations you guessed correctly in #{i} attempts" break end bulls = cows = 0 size.times do |j| if guess[j] == secret[j] bulls += 1 elsif secret.include? guess[j] cows += 1 end end puts "Bulls: #{bulls}; Cows: #{cows}" end
Rust
{{libheader|rand}}
use std::io; use rand::{Rng,thread_rng}; extern crate rand; const NUMBER_OF_DIGITS: usize = 4; static DIGITS: [char; 9] = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']; fn generate_digits() -> Vec<char> { let mut temp_digits: Vec<_> = (&DIGITS[..]).into(); thread_rng().shuffle(&mut temp_digits); return temp_digits.iter().take(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS).map(|&a| a).collect(); } fn parse_guess_string(guess: &str) -> Result<Vec<char>, String> { let chars: Vec<char> = (&guess).chars().collect(); if !chars.iter().all(|c| DIGITS.contains(c)) { return Err("only digits, please".to_string()); } if chars.len() != NUMBER_OF_DIGITS { return Err(format!("you need to guess with {} digits", NUMBER_OF_DIGITS)); } let mut uniques: Vec<char> = chars.clone(); uniques.dedup(); if uniques.len() != chars.len() { return Err("no duplicates, please".to_string()); } return Ok(chars); } fn calculate_score(given_digits: &[char], guessed_digits: &[char]) -> (usize, usize) { let mut bulls = 0; let mut cows = 0; for i in 0..NUMBER_OF_DIGITS { let pos: Option<usize> = guessed_digits.iter().position(|&a| -> bool {a == given_digits[i]}); match pos { None => (), Some(p) if p == i => bulls += 1, Some(_) => cows += 1 } } return (bulls, cows); } fn main() { let reader = io::stdin(); loop { let given_digits = generate_digits(); println!("I have chosen my {} digits. Please guess what they are", NUMBER_OF_DIGITS); loop { let guess_string: String = { let mut buf = String::new(); reader.read_line(&mut buf).unwrap(); buf.trim().into() }; let digits_maybe = parse_guess_string(&guess_string); match digits_maybe { Err(msg) => { println!("{}", msg); continue; }, Ok(guess_digits) => { match calculate_score(&given_digits, &guess_digits) { (NUMBER_OF_DIGITS, _) => { println!("you win!"); break; }, (bulls, cows) => println!("bulls: {}, cows: {}", bulls, cows) } } } } } }
Scala
import scala.util.Random object BullCow { def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { val number=chooseNumber var guessed=false var guesses=0 while(!guessed){ Console.print("Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ") val input=Console.readInt val digits=input.toString.map(_.asDigit).toList if(input>=1111 && input<=9999 && !hasDups(digits)){ guesses+=1 var bulls, cows=0 for(i <- 0 to 3) if(number(i)==digits(i)) bulls+=1 else if(number.contains(digits(i))) cows+=1 if(bulls==4) guessed=true else println("%d Cows and %d Bulls.".format(cows, bulls)) } } println("You won after "+guesses+" guesses!"); } def chooseNumber={ var digits=List[Int]() while(digits.size<4){ val d=Random.nextInt(9)+1 if (!digits.contains(d)) digits=digits:+d } digits } def hasDups(input:List[Int])=input.size!=input.distinct.size }
Scheme
{{works with|any R6RS Scheme}}
;generate a random non-repeating list of 4 digits, 1-9 inclusive
(define (get-num)
(define (gen lst)
(if (= (length lst) 4) lst
(let ((digit (+ (random 9) 1)))
(if (member digit lst) ;make sure the new digit isn't in the
;list
(gen lst)
(gen (cons digit lst))))))
(string->list (apply string-append (map number->string (gen '())))))
;is g a valid guess (that is, non-repeating, four digits 1-9
;inclusive?)
(define (valid-guess? g)
(let ((g-num (string->number (apply string g))))
;does the same digit appear twice in lst?
(define (repeats? lst)
(cond ((null? lst) #f)
((member (car lst) (cdr lst)) #t)
(else (repeats? (cdr lst)))))
(and g-num
(> g-num 1233)
(< g-num 9877)
(not (repeats? g)))))
;return '(cows bulls) for the given guess
(define (score answer guess)
;total cows + bulls
(define (cows&bulls a g)
(cond ((null? a) 0)
((member (car a) g) (+ 1 (cows&bulls (cdr a) g)))
(else (cows&bulls (cdr a) g))))
;bulls only
(define (bulls a g)
(cond ((null? a) 0)
((equal? (car a) (car g)) (+ 1 (bulls (cdr a) (cdr g))))
(else (bulls (cdr a) (cdr g)))))
(list (- (cows&bulls answer guess) (bulls answer guess)) (bulls answer guess)))
;play the game
(define (bull-cow answer)
;get the user's guess as a list
(define (get-guess)
(let ((e (read)))
(if (number? e)
(string->list (number->string e))
(string->list (symbol->string e)))))
(display "Enter a guess: ")
(let ((guess (get-guess)))
(if (valid-guess? guess)
(let ((bulls (cadr (score answer guess)))
(cows (car (score answer guess))))
(if (= bulls 4)
(display "You win!\n")
(begin
(display bulls)
(display " bulls, ")
(display cows)
(display " cows.\n")
(bull-cow answer))))
(begin
(display "Invalid guess.\n")
(bull-cow answer)))))
(bull-cow (get-num))
Sample game play
Enter a guess: 1234
0 bulls, 1 cows.
Enter a guess: 2345
1 bulls, 0 cows.
Enter a guess: 2346
1 bulls, 1 cows.
Enter a guess: 2367
0 bulls, 1 cows.
Enter a guess: 2647
1 bulls, 1 cows.
Enter a guess: 2648
2 bulls, 1 cows.
Enter a guess: 2468
1 bulls, 2 cows.
Enter a guess: 1468
1 bulls, 2 cows.
Enter a guess: 2684
0 bulls, 3 cows.
Enter a guess: 6248
3 bulls, 0 cows.
Enter a guess: 6948
You win!
Seed7
$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
const proc: main is func
local
const integer: size is 4;
var set of char: digits is {'1' .. '9'};
var string: chosen is " " mult size;
var integer: guesses is 0;
var string: guess is "";
var integer: pos is 0;
var integer: bulls is 0;
var integer: cows is 0;
var boolean: okay is FALSE;
begin
for pos range 1 to 4 do
chosen @:= [pos] rand(digits);
excl(digits, chosen[pos]);
end for;
writeln("I have chosen a number from " <& size <& " unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.");
writeln("You need to input a " <& size <& " digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen");
repeat
incr(guesses);
repeat
write("Next guess [" <& guesses <& "]: ");
readln(guess);
okay := length(guess) = size;
for key pos range guess do
okay := okay and guess[pos] in {'1' .. '9'} and pos(guess[succ(pos) ..], guess[pos]) = 0;
end for;
if not okay then
writeln("Problem, try again. You need to enter " <& size <& " unique digits from 1 to 9");
end if;
until okay;
if guess <> chosen then
bulls := 0;
cows := 0;
for key pos range chosen do
if guess[pos] = chosen[pos] then
incr(bulls);
elsif pos(chosen, guess[pos]) <> 0 then
incr(cows);
end if;
end for;
writeln(" " <& bulls <& " Bulls");
writeln(" " <& cows <& " Cows");
end if;
until guess = chosen;
writeln("Congratulations you guessed correctly in " <& guesses <& " attempts");
end func;
{{out}}
I have chosen a number from 4 unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order.
You need to input a 4 digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen
Next guess [1]: 1234
1 Bulls
0 Cows
Next guess [2]: 1567
1 Bulls
2 Cows
Next guess [3]: 1856
3 Bulls
0 Cows
Next guess [4]: 1956
Congratulations you guessed correctly in 4 attempts
Sidef
var size = 4 var num = @(1..9).shuffle.first(size) for (var guesses = 1; true; guesses++) { var bulls = 0 var cows = 0 var input = read("Input: ", String).chars \ .uniq \ .grep(/^[1-9]$/) \ .map{.to_n} if (input.len != size) { warn "Invalid input!\n" guesses-- next } if (input == num) { printf("You did it in %d attempts!\n", guesses) break } for i (^num) { if (num[i] == input[i]) { bulls++ } elsif (num.contains(input[i])) { cows++ } } "Bulls: %d; Cows: %d\n".printf(bulls, cows) }
{{out}}
Input: 2953
Bulls: 1; Cows: 1
Input: 9654
Bulls: 1; Cows: 1
Input: 8924
Bulls: 1; Cows: 3
Input: 2894
You did it in 4 attempts!
Smalltalk
{{works with|GNU Smalltalk}}
Object subclass: BullsCows [
|number|
BullsCows class >> new: secretNum [ |i|
i := self basicNew.
(self isValid: secretNum)
ifFalse: [ SystemExceptions.InvalidArgument
signalOn: secretNum
reason: 'You need 4 unique digits from 1 to 9' ].
i setNumber: secretNum.
^ i
]
BullsCows class >> new [ |b| b := Set new.
[ b size < 4 ]
whileTrue: [ b add: ((Random between: 1 and: 9) displayString first) ].
^ self new: (b asString)
]
BullsCows class >> isValid: num [
^ (num asSet size = 4) & ((num asSet includes: $0) not)
]
setNumber: num [ number := num ]
check: guess [ |bc| bc := Bag new.
1 to: 4 do: [ :i |
(number at: i) = (guess at: i)
ifTrue: [ bc add: 'bulls' ]
ifFalse: [
(number includes: (guess at: i))
ifTrue: [ bc add: 'cows' ]
]
].
^ bc
]
].
'Guess the 4-digits number (digits from 1 to 9, no repetition)' displayNl.
|guessMe d r tries|
[
tries := 0.
guessMe := BullsCows new.
[
[
'Write 4 digits: ' display.
d := stdin nextLine.
(BullsCows isValid: d)
] whileFalse: [
'Insert 4 digits, no repetition, exclude the digit 0' displayNl
].
r := guessMe check: d.
tries := tries + 1.
(r occurrencesOf: 'bulls') = 4
] whileFalse: [
('%1 cows, %2 bulls' % { r occurrencesOf: 'cows'. r occurrencesOf: 'bulls' })
displayNl.
].
('Good, you guessed it in %1 tries!' % { tries }) displayNl.
'Do you want to play again? [y/n]' display.
( (stdin nextLine) = 'y' )
] whileTrue: [ Character nl displayNl ].
Smart BASIC
'by rbytes, January 2017
OPTION BASE 1
P(" B U L L S A N D C O W S")!l
P("A secret 4-digit number has been created, with")
P("no repeats and no zeros. You must guess the number.")
P("After each guess, you will be shown how many of your")
P("digits are correct and in the matching location (bulls),")
P("and how many are correct but in a different location (cows).")
p("See how many tries it takes you to get the right answer.")
' generate a 4-digit number with no repeats
guesses = 0
1 WHILE LEN(sec$) <4
c$ =CHR$( INTEG(RND(1) *9) +49)
IF INSTR(sec$, c$)=-1 THEN sec$&=c$
ENDWHILE!l
2 PRINT "Your guess: "
INPUT "FOUR DIGITS": guess$!l
IF guess$="" THEN ' check if entry is null
P("Please enter something!")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF
P(guess$)!l
IF LEN(guess$)<>4 THEN ' check if entry is exactly 4 characters
P("Please enter exactly 4 digits.")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF
FOR t=1 TO 4 ' check if all characters are digits 1 - 9
IF INSTR("123456789",MID$(guess$,t,1))=-1 THEN
P("You have entered at least one illegal character")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF
NEXT t
rep = check(guess$) ' check if any digits are repeated
IF check.chk THEN
P("Please enter a number with no repeated digits.")!l
GOTO 2
ENDIF
guesses+=1
r$=score$(guess$,sec$)
P(r$)!l
IF guess$=sec$ THEN
P("W I N N E R ! ! !")!l
IF guesses>1 THEN gs$="guesses!" ELSE gs$="guess!"
P("You won after "&guesses&" "&gs$)
P("Thanks for playing!")!l
PAUSE 2
P("A G A I N with a new secret number")!l
guesses=0
END IF
GOTO 1
END ' _____________________________________________________________
DEF P(p$) ' function to print a string
PRINT p$
END DEF
DEF L() ' function to print an empty line
PRINT
END DEF
DEF check(i$) ' check=0 if digit is not repeated, else=1
chk=0
FOR i =1 TO 3
FOR j =i +1 TO 4
IF MID$( i$, i, 1)=MID$( i$, j, 1) THEN chk =1
NEXT j
NEXT i
END DEF
DEF score$(a$,b$) ' calculate the numbers of bulls & cows.
bulls=0!cows=0
FOR i = 1 TO 4
c$ = MID$( a$, i, 1)
IF MID$( b$, i, 1)=c$ THEN
bulls+=1
ELSE
IF INSTR( b$, c$) <>-1 AND INSTR( b$, c$) <>i THEN
cows+=1
END IF
END IF
NEXT i
r$ ="Bulls: "&STR$( bulls)& ", "& "Cows: " &STR$( cows)
RETURN r$
END DEF
END
</Lang>
## Swift
```swift
import Foundation
func generateRandomNumArray(numDigits: Int = 4) -> [Int] {
guard numDigits > 0 else {
return []
}
let needed = min(9, numDigits)
var nums = Set<Int>()
repeat {
nums.insert(.random(in: 1...9))
} while nums.count != needed
return Array(nums)
}
func parseGuess(_ guess: String) -> [Int]? {
guard guess.count == 4 else {
return nil
}
let guessArray = guess.map(String.init).map(Int.init).compactMap({ $0 })
guard Set(guessArray).count == 4 else {
return nil
}
return guessArray
}
while true {
let num = generateRandomNumArray()
var bulls = 0
var cows = 0
print("Please enter a 4 digit number with digits between 1-9, no repetitions: ")
guard let guessStr = readLine(strippingNewline: true), let guess = parseGuess(guessStr) else {
print("Invalid input")
continue
}
for (guess, actual) in zip(guess, num) {
if guess == actual {
bulls += 1
} else if num.contains(guess) {
cows += 1
}
}
print("Actual number: \(num.map(String.init).joined())")
print("Your score: \(bulls) bulls and \(cows) cows\n")
print("Would you like to play again? (y): ")
guard readLine(strippingNewline: true)!.lowercased() == "y" else {
exit(0)
}
}
{{out}}
Please enter a 4 digit number with digits between 1-9, no repetitions:
8496
Actual number: 6475
Your score: 1 bulls and 1 cows
Would you like to play again? (y):
y
Please enter a 4 digit number with digits between 1-9, no repetitions:
5983
Actual number: 7846
Your score: 0 bulls and 1 cows
Tcl
proc main {} { fconfigure stdout -buffering none set length 4 puts "I have chosen a number from $length unique digits from 1 to 9 arranged in a random order. You need to input a $length digit, unique digit number as a guess at what I have chosen " while true { set word [generateWord $length] set count 1 while {[set guess [getGuess $length]] ne $word} { printScore $length $word $guess incr count } puts "You guessed correctly in $count tries." if {[yn "Play again?"] eq "n"} break } } proc generateWord {length} { set chars 123456789 for {set i 1} {$i <= $length} {incr i} { set idx [expr {int(rand() * [string length $chars])}] append word [string index $chars $idx] set chars [string replace $chars $idx $idx] } return $word # here's another way to generate word with no duplications set word "" while {[string length $word] < $length} { set char [expr {int(1 + 9*rand())}] if {[string first $char $word] == -1} { append word $char } } } proc getGuess {length} { puts -nonewline "Enter your guess: " while true { gets stdin guess if {[string match [string repeat {[1-9]} $length] $guess]} { return $guess } if {[string tolower [string trim $guess]] eq "quit"} { puts Bye exit } puts "The word must be $length digits between 1 and 9 inclusive. Try again." } } proc printScore {length word guess} { set bulls 0 set cows 0 for {set i 0} {$i < $length} {incr i} { if {[string index $word $i] eq [string index $guess $i]} { incr bulls set word [string replace $word $i $i +] } } puts " $bulls bulls" for {set i 0} {$i < $length} {incr i} { if {[set j [string first [string index $guess $i] $word]] != -1} { incr cows set word [string replace $word $j $j -] } } puts " $cows cows" } proc yn {msg} { while true { puts -nonewline "$msg \[y/n] " gets stdin ans set char [string tolower [string index [string trim $ans] 0]] if {$char eq "y" || $char eq "n"} { return $char } } } main
TUSCRIPT
$$ MODE tuscript
SET nr1=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1)
LOOP
SET nr2=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1)
IF (nr2!=nr1) EXIT
ENDLOOP
LOOP
SET nr3=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1)
IF (nr3!=nr1,nr2) EXIT
ENDLOOP
LOOP
SET nr4=RANDOM_NUMBERS (1,9,1)
IF (nr4!=nr1,nr2,nr3) EXIT
ENDLOOP
SET nr=JOIN(nr1,"'",nr2,nr3,nr4), limit=10
LOOP r=1,limit
SET bulls=cows=0
ASK "round {r} insert a number":guessnr=""
SET length=LENGTH(guessnr), checknr=STRINGS (guessnr,":>/:")
LOOP n=nr,y=checknr
IF (length!=4) THEN
PRINT "4-letter digit required"
EXIT
ELSEIF (n==y) THEN
SET bulls=bulls+1
ELSEIF (nr.ct.":{y}:") THEN
SET cows=cows+1
ENDIF
ENDLOOP
PRINT "bulls=",bulls," cows=",cows
IF (bulls==4) THEN
PRINT "BINGO"
EXIT
ELSEIF (r==limit) THEN
PRINT "BETTER NEXT TIME"
EXIT
ENDIF
ENDLOOP
Output:
round 1 insert a number >1234
bulls=1 cows=1
round 2 insert a number >5678
bulls=1 cows=1
round 3 insert a number >1298
bulls=2 cows=0
round 4 insert a number >2379
bulls=0 cows=0
round 5 insert a number >1468
bulls=4 cows=0
BINGO
uBasic/4tH
Proc _Initialize ' Get our secret number
Do ' Repeat until it's guessed Do Input "Enter your guess: ";a@ ' Enter your guess While FUNC(_Invalid(a@)) ' but make sure it's a valid guess Loop
a@ = FUNC(_Bulls) ' Count the number of bulls b@ = FUNC(_Cows) ' Count the number of cows ' Now give some feedback Print : Print "\tThere were ";a@;" bulls and ";b@;" cows." : Print Until a@ = 4 ' Until the secret is guessed Loop
Print "You win!" ' Yes, you guessed it
End
_Initialize ' Make a secret Local (1)
Do a@ = 1234 + RND(8643) ' Get a valid number While FUNC(_Invalid(a@)) ' and accept it unless invalid Loop
For a@ = 0 to 3 ' Now save it at the proper place @(a@+4) = @(a@) Next Return
_Invalid Param(1) ' Check whether a number is valid Local(2) ' Ok, these can't be right at all If (a@ < 1234) + (a@ > 9876) Then Return (1) ' Now break 'em up in different digits For b@ = 3 To 0 Step -1 @(b@) = a@ % 10 ' A digit of zero can't be right If @(b@) = 0 Then Unloop : Return (1) a@ = a@ / 10 Next
For b@ = 0 To 2 ' Now compare all digits For c@ = b@ + 1 To 3 ' The others were already compared If @(b@) = @(c@) Then Unloop : Unloop : Return (1) Next ' Wrong, we found similar digits Next Return (0) ' All digits are different
_Bulls ' Count the number of valid guesses Local (2)
b@ = 0 ' Start with zero
For a@ = 0 to 3 ' Increment with each valid guess If @(a@) = @(a@+4) Then b@ = b@ + 1 Next Return (b@) ' Return number of valid guesses
_Cows Local (3) ' Count the number of proper digits
c@ = 0 ' Start with zero
For a@ = 0 To 3 ' All the players guesses For b@ = 4 To 7 ' All the computers secrets If (a@+4) = b@ Then Continue ' Skip the bulls If @(a@) = @(b@) Then c@ = c@ + 1 Next ' Increment with valid digits Next Return (c@) ' Return number of valid digits
## UNIX Shell
{{works with|bash|3}}
```bash
#!/bin/bash
rand() {
local min=${1:-0}
local max=${2:-32767}
[ ${min} -gt ${max} ] &&
min=$(( min ^ max )) &&
max=$(( min ^ max )) &&
min=$(( min ^ max ))
echo -n $(( ( $RANDOM % $max ) + $min ))
}
in_arr() {
local quandry="${1}"
shift
local arr=( $@ )
local i=''
for i in ${arr[*]}
do
[ "${quandry}" == "${i}" ] && return 0 && break
done
return 1
}
delete_at() {
local idx="$(( $1 + 1 ))"
shift
local arr=( "sentinel" $@ )
echo -n "${arr[@]:1:$(( idx - 1 ))} ${arr[@]:$((idx + 1)):$(( ${#arr[@]} - idx - 1))}"
}
delete_first() {
local meanie="${1}"
shift
local arr=( $@ )
local i=0
for (( i = 0; i < ${#arr[@]} ; i++ ))
do
[ "${arr[${i}]}" == "${meanie}" ] && arr=( $( delete_at ${i} ${arr[*]} ) )
done
echo -n "${arr[*]}"
}
to_arr() {
local string="${1}"
local arr=()
while [ "${#string}" -gt 0 ]
do
arr=( ${arr[*]} ${string:0:1} )
string="${string:1}"
done
echo -n "${arr[*]}"
}
choose_idx() {
local arr=( $@ )
echo -n "$( rand 0 $(( ${#arr[@]} - 1 )) )"
}
locate_bulls() {
local secret=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) )
local guess=( $( to_arr "${2}" ) )
local hits=()
local i=0
for (( i=0; i<4; i++ ))
do
[ "${secret[${i}]}" -eq "${guess[${i}]}" ] && hits=( ${hits[*]} ${i} )
done
echo -n "${hits[*]}"
}
bulls() {
local secret="${1}"
local guess="${2}"
local bulls=( $( locate_bulls "${secret}" "${guess}" ) )
echo -n "${#bulls[@]}"
}
cows() {
local secret=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) )
local guess=( $( to_arr "${2}" ) )
local bulls=( $( locate_bulls "${1}" "${2}" ) )
local hits=0
local i=''
# Avoid double-counting bulls
for i in ${bulls[*]}
do
secret=( $( delete_at ${i} ${secret[*]} ) )
done
# Process the guess against what's left of the secret
for i in ${guess[*]}
do
in_arr "${i}" ${secret[*]} &&
secret=( $( delete_first "${i}" ${secret[*]} ) ) &&
(( hits++ ))
done
echo -n ${hits}
}
malformed() {
local guess=( $( to_arr "${1}" ) )
local i=''
[ ${#guess[@]} -ne 4 ] &&
return 0
for i in ${guess[*]}
do
if ! in_arr ${i} 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
then
return 0
break
fi
done
return 1
}
candidates=( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 )
secret=''
while [ "${#secret}" -lt 4 ]
do
cidx=$( choose_idx ${candidates[*]} )
secret="${secret}${candidates[${cidx}]}"
candidates=( $(delete_at ${cidx} ${candidates[*]} ) )
done
while read -p "Enter a four-digit guess: " guess
do
malformed "${guess}" && echo "Malformed guess" && continue
[ "${guess}" == "${secret}" ] && echo "You win!" && exit
echo "Score: $( bulls "${secret}" "${guess}" ) Bulls, $( cows "${secret}" "${guess}" ) Cows"
done
VBA
Option Explicit
Sub Main_Bulls_and_cows()
Dim strNumber As String, strInput As String, strMsg As String, strTemp As String
Dim boolEnd As Boolean
Dim lngCpt As Long
Dim i As Byte, bytCow As Byte, bytBull As Byte
Const NUMBER_OF_DIGITS As Byte = 4
Const MAX_LOOPS As Byte = 25 'the max of lines supported by MsgBox
strNumber = Create_Number(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS)
Do
bytBull = 0: bytCow = 0: lngCpt = lngCpt + 1
If lngCpt > MAX_LOOPS Then strMsg = "Max of loops... Sorry you loose!": Exit Do
strInput = AskToUser(NUMBER_OF_DIGITS)
If strInput = "Exit Game" Then strMsg = "User abort": Exit Do
For i = 1 To Len(strNumber)
If Mid(strNumber, i, 1) = Mid(strInput, i, 1) Then
bytBull = bytBull + 1
ElseIf InStr(strNumber, Mid(strInput, i, 1)) > 0 Then
bytCow = bytCow + 1
End If
Next i
If bytBull = Len(strNumber) Then
boolEnd = True: strMsg = "You win in " & lngCpt & " loops!"
Else
strTemp = strTemp & vbCrLf & "With : " & strInput & " ,you have : " & bytBull & " bulls," & bytCow & " cows."
MsgBox strTemp
End If
Loop While Not boolEnd
MsgBox strMsg
End Sub
Function Create_Number(NbDigits As Byte) As String
Dim myColl As New Collection
Dim strTemp As String
Dim bytAlea As Byte
Randomize
Do
bytAlea = Int((Rnd * 9) + 1)
On Error Resume Next
myColl.Add CStr(bytAlea), CStr(bytAlea)
If Err <> 0 Then
On Error GoTo 0
Else
strTemp = strTemp & CStr(bytAlea)
End If
Loop While Len(strTemp) < NbDigits
Create_Number = strTemp
End Function
Function AskToUser(NbDigits As Byte) As String
Dim boolGood As Boolean, strIn As String, i As Byte, NbDiff As Byte
Do While Not boolGood
strIn = InputBox("Enter your number (" & NbDigits & " digits)", "Number")
If StrPtr(strIn) = 0 Then strIn = "Exit Game": Exit Do
If strIn <> "" Then
If Len(strIn) = NbDigits Then
NbDiff = 0
For i = 1 To Len(strIn)
If Len(Replace(strIn, Mid(strIn, i, 1), "")) < NbDigits - 1 Then
NbDiff = 1
Exit For
End If
Next i
If NbDiff = 0 Then boolGood = True
End If
End If
Loop
AskToUser = strIn
End Function
Vedit macro language
Buf_Switch(Buf_Free)
#90 = Time_Tick // seed for random number generator
#91 = 10 // random numbers in range 0 to 9
while (EOB_pos < 4) { // 4 digits needed
Call("RANDOM")
BOF Ins_Char(Return_Value + '0')
Replace("(.)(.*)\1", "\1\2", REGEXP+BEGIN+NOERR) // remove any duplicate
}
#3 = 0
repeat (99) {
Get_Input(10, "Guess a 4-digit number with no duplicate digits: ", NOCR)
if (Reg_Size(10) == 0) { Break } // empty string = exit
Num_Eval_Reg(10) // check for numeric digits
if (Chars_Matched != 4) {
M("You should enter 4 numeric digits\n")
Continue
}
Goto_Pos(4) // count bulls
Reg_Ins(10, OVERWRITE)
#1 = Search("(.)...\1", REGEXP+BEGIN+ALL+NOERR)
RS(10, "[", INSERT) // count cows
RS(10, "]", APPEND)
#2 = Search_Block(@10, 0, 4, REGEXP+BEGIN+ALL+NOERR) - #1
#3++
NT(#1, NOCR) M(" bulls,") NT(#2, NOCR) M(" cows\n")
if (#1 == 4) {
M("You won after") NT(#3, NOCR) M(" guesses!\n")
Break
}
}
Buf_Quit(OK)
Return
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// Generate random numbers in range 0 <= Return_Value < #91
// #90 = Seed (0 to 0x7fffffff)
// #91 = Scaling (0 to 0x10000)
:RANDOM:
#92 = 0x7fffffff / 48271
#93 = 0x7fffffff % 48271
#90 = (48271 * (#90 % #92) - #93 * (#90 / #92)) & 0x7fffffff
Return ((#90 & 0xffff) * #91 / 0x10000)
Visual Basic .NET
Imports System
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions
Module Bulls_and_Cows
Function CreateNumber() As String
Dim random As New Random()
Dim sequence As Char() = {"1"c, "2"c, "3"c, "4"c, "5"c, "6"c, "7"c, "8"c, "9"c}
For i As Integer = 0 To sequence.Length - 1
Dim j As Integer = random.Next(sequence.Length)
Dim temp As Char = sequence(i) : sequence(i) = sequence(j) : sequence(j) = temp
Next
Return New String(sequence, 0, 4)
End Function
Function IsFourDigitNumber(ByVal number As String) As Boolean
Return Regex.IsMatch(number, "^[1-9]{4}$")
End Function
Sub Main()
Dim chosenNumber As String = CreateNumber()
Dim attempt As Integer = 0
Console.WriteLine("Number is chosen")
Dim gameOver As Boolean = False
Do
attempt += 1
Console.WriteLine("Attempt #{0}. Enter four digit number: ", attempt)
Dim number As String = Console.ReadLine()
Do While Not IsFourDigitNumber(number)
Console.WriteLine("Invalid number: type four characters. Every character must digit be between '1' and '9'.")
number = Console.ReadLine()
Loop
Dim bulls As Integer = 0
Dim cows As Integer = 0
For i As Integer = 0 To number.Length - 1
Dim j As Integer = chosenNumber.IndexOf(number(i))
If i = j Then
bulls += 1
ElseIf j >= 0 Then
cows += 1
End If
Next
If bulls < chosenNumber.Length Then
Console.WriteLine("The number '{0}' has {1} bulls and {2} cows", _
number, bulls, cows)
Else
gameOver = True
End If
Loop Until gameOver
Console.WriteLine("The number was guessed in {0} attempts. Congratulations!", attempt)
End Sub
End Module
zkl
Play one game:
d:=Dictionary(); do{ d[(1).random(10)]=True }while(d.len()<4);
abcd:=d.keys.shuffle();
while(1){
guess:=ask("4 digits: ")-" ,";
if(guess.len()!=4 or guess.unique().len()!=4) continue;
bulls:=abcd.zipWith('==,guess).sum(0);
cows:=guess.split("").enumerate()
.reduce('wrap(s,[(n,c)]){ s + (d.find(c,False) and abcd[n]!=c) },0);
if(bulls==4) { println("You got it!"); break; }
"%d bull%s and %d cow%s".fmt(bulls,s(bulls),cows,s(cows)).println();
}
fcn s(n){ (n!=1) and "s" or "" }
{{out}}
4 digits: 4,5,6,7
1 bull and 0 cows
4 digits: 1234
0 bulls and 2 cows
4 digits: 3528
You got it!
ZX Spectrum Basic
{{trans|QBasic}}
10 DIM n(10): LET c$=""
20 FOR i=1 TO 4
30 LET d=INT (RND*9+1)
40 IF n(d)=1 THEN GO TO 30
50 LET n(d)=1
60 LET c$=c$+STR$ d
70 NEXT i
80 LET guesses=0
90 INPUT "Guess a 4-digit number (1 to 9) with no duplicate digits: ";guess
100 IF guess=0 THEN STOP
110 IF guess>9999 OR guess<1000 THEN PRINT "Only 4 numeric digits, please": GO TO 90
120 LET bulls=0: LET cows=0: LET guesses=guesses+1: LET g$=STR$ guess
130 FOR i=1 TO 4
140 IF g$(i)=c$(i) THEN LET bulls=bulls+1: GO TO 160
150 IF n(VAL g$(i))=1 THEN LET cows=cows+1
160 NEXT i
170 PRINT bulls;" bulls, ";cows;" cows"
180 IF c$=g$ THEN PRINT "You won after ";guesses;" guesses!": GO TO 10
190 GO TO 90