⚠️ Warning: This is a draft ⚠️
This means it might contain formatting issues, incorrect code, conceptual problems, or other severe issues.
If you want to help to improve and eventually enable this page, please fork RosettaGit's repository and open a merge request on GitHub.
{{task|GUI}}[[Category:Basic language learning]]{{requires|Graphics}} [[Category:Simple]]
;Task: Create a window and draw a pixel in it, subject to the following:
::# the window is 320 x 240 ::# the color of the pixel must be red (255,0,0) ::# the position of the pixel is x = 100, y = 100
ARM Assembly
{{works with|as|Raspberry Pi}}
/* ARM assembly Raspberry PI */
/* program dpixel.s */
/* compile with as */
/* link with gcc and options -lX11 -L/usr/lpp/X11/lib */
/********************************************/
/*Constantes */
/********************************************/
.equ STDOUT, 1 @ Linux output console
.equ EXIT, 1 @ Linux syscall
.equ WRITE, 4 @ Linux syscall
/* constantes X11 */
.equ KeyPressed, 2
.equ ButtonPress, 4
.equ MotionNotify, 6
.equ EnterNotify, 7
.equ LeaveNotify, 8
.equ Expose, 12
.equ ClientMessage, 33
.equ KeyPressMask, 1
.equ ButtonPressMask, 4
.equ ButtonReleaseMask, 8
.equ ExposureMask, 1<<15
.equ StructureNotifyMask, 1<<17
.equ EnterWindowMask, 1<<4
.equ LeaveWindowMask, 1<<5
.equ ConfigureNotify, 22
/*******************************************/
/* DONNEES INITIALISEES */
/*******************************************/
.data
szWindowName: .asciz "Windows Raspberry"
szRetourligne: .asciz "\n"
szMessDebutPgm: .asciz "Program start. \n"
szMessErreur: .asciz "Server X not found.\n"
szMessErrfen: .asciz "Can not create window.\n"
szMessErreurX11: .asciz "Error call function X11. \n"
szMessErrGc: .asciz "Can not create graphics context.\n"
szTitreFenRed: .asciz "Pi"
szTexte1: .asciz "<- red pixel is here !!"
.equ LGTEXTE1, . - szTexte1
szTexte2: .asciz "Press q for close window or clic X in system menu."
.equ LGTEXTE2, . - szTexte2
szLibDW: .asciz "WM_DELETE_WINDOW" @ special label for correct close error
/*************************************************/
szMessErr: .ascii "Error code hexa : "
sHexa: .space 9,' '
.ascii " decimal : "
sDeci: .space 15,' '
.asciz "\n"
/*******************************************/
/* DONNEES NON INITIALISEES */
/*******************************************/
.bss
.align 4
ptDisplay: .skip 4 @ pointer display
ptEcranDef: .skip 4 @ pointer screen default
ptFenetre: .skip 4 @ pointer window
ptGC: .skip 4 @ pointer graphic context
ptGC1: .skip 4 @ pointer graphic context1
key: .skip 4 @ key code
wmDeleteMessage: .skip 8 @ ident close message
event: .skip 400 @ TODO event size ??
PrpNomFenetre: .skip 100 @ window name proprety
buffer: .skip 500
iWhite: .skip 4 @ rgb code for white pixel
iBlack: .skip 4 @ rgb code for black pixel
/**********************************************/
/* -- Code section */
/**********************************************/
.text
.global main
main: @ entry of program
ldr r0,iAdrszMessDebutPgm @
bl affichageMess @ display start message on console linux
/* attention r6 pointer display*/
/* attention r8 pointer graphic context */
/* attention r9 ident window */
/*****************************/
/* OPEN SERVER X11 */
/*****************************/
mov r0,#0
bl XOpenDisplay @ open X server
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
beq erreurServeur
ldr r1,iAdrptDisplay
str r0,[r1] @ store display address
mov r6,r0 @ and in register r6
ldr r2,[r0,#+132] @ load default_screen
ldr r1,iAdrptEcranDef
str r2,[r1] @ store default_screen
mov r2,r0
ldr r0,[r2,#+140] @ load pointer screen list
ldr r5,[r0,#+52] @ load value white pixel
ldr r4,iAdrWhite @ and store in memory
str r5,[r4]
ldr r3,[r0,#+56] @ load value black pixel
ldr r4,iAdrBlack @ and store in memory
str r3,[r4]
ldr r4,[r0,#+28] @ load bits par pixel
ldr r1,[r0,#+8] @ load root windows
/**************************/
/* CREATE WINDOW */
/**************************/
mov r0,r6 @ address display
mov r2,#0 @ window position X
mov r3,#0 @ window position Y
mov r8,#0 @ for stack alignement
push {r8}
push {r3} @ background = black pixel
push {r5} @ border = white pixel
mov r8,#2 @ border size
push {r8}
mov r8,#240 @ hauteur
push {r8}
mov r8,#320 @ largeur
push {r8}
bl XCreateSimpleWindow
add sp,#24 @ stack alignement 6 push (4 bytes * 6)
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
beq erreurF
ldr r1,iAdrptFenetre
str r0,[r1] @ store window address in memory
mov r9,r0 @ and in register r9
/*****************************/
/* add window property */
/*****************************/
mov r0,r6 @ display address
mov r1,r9 @ window address
ldr r2,iAdrszWindowName @ window name
ldr r3,iAdrszTitreFenRed @ window name reduced
mov r4,#0
push {r4} @ parameters not use
push {r4}
push {r4}
push {r4}
bl XSetStandardProperties
add sp,sp,#16 @ stack alignement for 4 push
/**************************************/
/* for correction window close error */
/**************************************/
mov r0,r6 @ display address
ldr r1,iAdrszLibDW @ atom address
mov r2,#1 @ False créate atom if not exists
bl XInternAtom
cmp r0,#0 @ error X11 ?
ble erreurX11
ldr r1,iAdrwmDeleteMessage @ recept address
str r0,[r1]
mov r2,r1 @ return address
mov r0,r6 @ display address
mov r1,r9 @ window address
mov r3,#1 @ number of protocols
bl XSetWMProtocols
cmp r0,#0 @ error X11 ?
ble erreurX11
/**********************************/
/* create graphic context */
/**********************************/
mov r0,r6 @ display address
mov r1,r9 @ window address
mov r2,#0 @ not use for simply context
mov r3,#0
bl XCreateGC
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
beq erreurGC
ldr r1,iAdrptGC
str r0,[r1] @ store address graphic context
mov r8,r0 @ and in r8
@ create other GC
mov r0,r6 @ display address
mov r1,r9 @ window address
mov r2,#0 @ not use for simply context
mov r3,#0
bl XCreateGC
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
beq erreurGC
ldr r1,iAdrptGC1
str r0,[r1] @ store address graphic context 1
mov r1,r0
mov r0,r6
mov r2,#0xFF0000 @ color red
bl XSetForeground
cmp r0,#0
beq erreurGC
/****************************/
/* modif window background */
/****************************/
mov r0,r6 @ display address
mov r1,r9 @ window address
ldr r2,iGris1 @ background color
bl XSetWindowBackground
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
ble erreurX11
/***************************/
/* OUF!! window display */
/***************************/
mov r0,r6 @ display address
mov r1,r9 @ window address
bl XMapWindow
/****************************/
/* Write text1 in the window */
/****************************/
mov r0,r6 @ display address
mov r1,r9 @ window address
mov r2,r8 @ address graphic context
mov r3,#105 @ position x
sub sp,#4 @ stack alignement
mov r4,#LGTEXTE1 - 1 @ size string
push {r4} @ on the stack
ldr r4,iAdrszTexte1 @ string address
push {r4}
mov r4,#105 @ position y
push {r4}
bl XDrawString
add sp,sp,#16 @ stack alignement 3 push and 1 stack alignement
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
blt erreurX11
/****************************/
/* Write text2 in the window */
/****************************/
mov r0,r6 @ display address
mov r1,r9 @ window address
mov r2,r8 @ address graphic context
mov r3,#10 @ position x
sub sp,#4 @ stack alignement
mov r4,#LGTEXTE2 - 1 @ size string
push {r4} @ on the stack
ldr r4,iAdrszTexte2 @ string address
push {r4}
mov r4,#200 @ position y
push {r4}
bl XDrawString
add sp,sp,#16 @ stack alignement 3 push and 1 stack alignement
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
blt erreurX11
/****************************************/
/* draw pixel */
/****************************************/
mov r0,r6 @ display address
mov r1,r9 @ window address
ldr r2,iAdrptGC1
ldr r2,[r2] @ address graphic context 1
mov r3,#100 @ position x
sub sp,sp,#4 @ stack alignement
mov r4,#100 @ position y
push {r4} @ on the stack
bl XDrawPoint
add sp,sp,#8 @ stack alignement 1 push and 1 stack alignement
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
blt erreurX11
/****************************/
/* Autorisations */
/****************************/
mov r0,r6 @ display address
mov r1,r9 @ window address
ldr r2,iFenetreMask @ autorisation mask
bl XSelectInput
cmp r0,#0 @ error ?
ble erreurX11
/****************************/
/* Events loop */
/****************************/
1:
mov r0,r6 @ display address
ldr r1,iAdrevent @ events address
bl XNextEvent @ event ?
ldr r0,iAdrevent
ldr r0,[r0] @ code event
cmp r0,#KeyPressed @ key ?
bne 2f
ldr r0,iAdrevent @ yes read key in buffer
ldr r1,iAdrbuffer
mov r2,#255
ldr r3,iAdrkey
mov r4,#0
push {r4} @ stack alignement
push {r4}
bl XLookupString
add sp,#8 @ stack alignement 2 push
cmp r0,#1 @ is character key ?
bne 2f
ldr r0,iAdrbuffer @ yes -> load first buffer character
ldrb r0,[r0]
cmp r0,#0x71 @ character q for quit
beq 5f @ yes -> end
b 4f
2:
/* */
/* for example clic mouse button */
/************************************/
cmp r0,#ButtonPress @ clic mouse buton
bne 3f
ldr r0,iAdrevent
ldr r1,[r0,#+32] @ position X mouse clic
ldr r2,[r0,#+36] @ position Y
@ etc for eventuel use
b 4f
3:
cmp r0,#ClientMessage @ code for close window within error
bne 4f
ldr r0,iAdrevent
ldr r1,[r0,#+28] @ code message address
ldr r2,iAdrwmDeleteMessage @ equal code window créate ???
ldr r2,[r2]
cmp r1,r2
beq 5f @ yes -> end window
4: @ loop for other event
b 1b
/***********************************/
/* Close window -> free ressources */
/***********************************/
5:
mov r0,r6 @ display address
ldr r1,iAdrptGC
ldr r1,[r1] @ load context graphic address
bl XFreeGC
cmp r0,#0
blt erreurX11
mov r0,r6 @ display address
mov r1,r9 @ window address
bl XDestroyWindow
cmp r0,#0
blt erreurX11
mov r0,r6 @ display address
bl XCloseDisplay
cmp r0,#0
blt erreurX11
mov r0,#0 @ return code OK
b 100f
erreurF: @ create error window but possible not necessary. Display error by server
ldr r1,iAdrszMessErrfen
bl displayError
mov r0,#1 @ return error code
b 100f
erreurGC: @ error create graphic context
ldr r1,iAdrszMessErrGc
bl displayError
mov r0,#1
b 100f
erreurX11: @ erreur X11
ldr r1,iAdrszMessErreurX11
bl displayError
mov r0,#1
b 100f
erreurServeur: @ error no found X11 server see doc putty and Xming
ldr r1,iAdrszMessErreur
bl displayError
mov r0,#1
b 100f
100: @ standard end of the program
mov r7, #EXIT
svc 0
iFenetreMask: .int KeyPressMask|ButtonPressMask|StructureNotifyMask
iGris1: .int 0xFFA0A0A0
iAdrWhite: .int iWhite
iAdrBlack: .int iBlack
iAdrptDisplay: .int ptDisplay
iAdrptEcranDef: .int ptEcranDef
iAdrptFenetre: .int ptFenetre
iAdrptGC: .int ptGC
iAdrptGC1: .int ptGC1
iAdrevent: .int event
iAdrbuffer: .int buffer
iAdrkey: .int key
iAdrszLibDW: .int szLibDW
iAdrszMessDebutPgm: .int szMessDebutPgm
iAdrszMessErreurX11: .int szMessErreurX11
iAdrszMessErrGc: .int szMessErrGc
iAdrszMessErreur: .int szMessErreur
iAdrszMessErrfen: .int szMessErrfen
iAdrszWindowName: .int szWindowName
iAdrszTitreFenRed: .int szTitreFenRed
iAdrszTexte1: .int szTexte1
iAdrszTexte2: .int szTexte2
iAdrPrpNomFenetre: .int PrpNomFenetre
iAdrwmDeleteMessage: .int wmDeleteMessage
/******************************************************************/
/* display text with size calculation */
/******************************************************************/
/* r0 contains the address of the message */
affichageMess:
push {r0,r1,r2,r7,lr} @ save registres
mov r2,#0 @ counter length
1: @ loop length calculation
ldrb r1,[r0,r2] @ read octet start position + index
cmp r1,#0 @ if 0 its over
addne r2,r2,#1 @ else add 1 in the length
bne 1b @ and loop
@ so here r2 contains the length of the message
mov r1,r0 @ address message in r1
mov r0,#STDOUT @ code to write to the standard output Linux
mov r7, #WRITE @ code call system "write"
svc #0 @ call systeme
pop {r0,r1,r2,r7,lr} @ restaur registers
bx lr @ return
/***************************************************/
/* display error message */
/***************************************************/
/* r0 contains error code r1 : message address */
displayError:
push {r0-r2,lr} @ save registers
mov r2,r0 @ save error code
mov r0,r1
bl affichageMess
mov r0,r2 @ error code
ldr r1,iAdrsHexa
bl conversion16 @ conversion hexa
mov r0,r2 @ error code
ldr r1,iAdrsDeci @ result address
bl conversion10 @ conversion decimale
ldr r0,iAdrszMessErr @ display error message
bl affichageMess
100:
pop {r0-r2,lr} @ restaur registers
bx lr @ return
iAdrszMessErr: .int szMessErr
iAdrsHexa: .int sHexa
iAdrsDeci: .int sDeci
/******************************************************************/
/* Converting a register to hexadecimal */
/******************************************************************/
/* r0 contains value and r1 address area */
conversion16:
push {r1-r4,lr} @ save registers
mov r2,#28 @ start bit position
mov r4,#0xF0000000 @ mask
mov r3,r0 @ save entry value
1: @ start loop
and r0,r3,r4 @value register and mask
lsr r0,r2 @ move right
cmp r0,#10 @ compare value
addlt r0,#48 @ <10 ->digit
addge r0,#55 @ >10 ->letter A-F
strb r0,[r1],#1 @ store digit on area and + 1 in area address
lsr r4,#4 @ shift mask 4 positions
subs r2,#4 @ counter bits - 4 <= zero ?
bge 1b @ no -> loop
100:
pop {r1-r4,lr} @ restaur registers
bx lr @return
/******************************************************************/
/* Converting a register to a decimal unsigned */
/******************************************************************/
/* r0 contains value and r1 address area */
/* r0 return size of result (no zero final in area) */
/* area size => 11 bytes */
.equ LGZONECAL, 10
conversion10:
push {r1-r4,lr} @ save registers
mov r3,r1
mov r2,#LGZONECAL
1: @ start loop
bl divisionpar10U @ unsigned r0 <- dividende. quotient ->r0 reste -> r1
add r1,#48 @ digit
strb r1,[r3,r2] @ store digit on area
cmp r0,#0 @ stop if quotient = 0
subne r2,#1 @ else previous position
bne 1b @ and loop
@ and move digit from left of area
mov r4,#0
2:
ldrb r1,[r3,r2]
strb r1,[r3,r4]
add r2,#1
add r4,#1
cmp r2,#LGZONECAL
ble 2b
@ and move spaces in end on area
mov r0,r4 @ result length
mov r1,#' ' @ space
3:
strb r1,[r3,r4] @ store space in area
add r4,#1 @ next position
cmp r4,#LGZONECAL
ble 3b @ loop if r4 <= area size
100:
pop {r1-r4,lr} @ restaur registres
bx lr @return
/***************************************************/
/* division par 10 unsigned */
/***************************************************/
/* r0 dividende */
/* r0 quotient */
/* r1 remainder */
divisionpar10U:
push {r2,r3,r4, lr}
mov r4,r0 @ save value
ldr r3,iMagicNumber @ r3 <- magic_number raspberry 1 2
umull r1, r2, r3, r0 @ r1<- Lower32Bits(r1*r0) r2<- Upper32Bits(r1*r0)
mov r0, r2, LSR #3 @ r2 <- r2 >> shift 3
add r2,r0,r0, lsl #2 @ r2 <- r0 * 5
sub r1,r4,r2, lsl #1 @ r1 <- r4 - (r2 * 2) = r4 - (r0 * 10)
pop {r2,r3,r4,lr}
bx lr @ leave function
iMagicNumber: .int 0xCCCCCCCD
/***************************************************/
/* integer division unsigned */
/***************************************************/
division:
/* r0 contains dividend */
/* r1 contains divisor */
/* r2 returns quotient */
/* r3 returns remainder */
push {r4, lr}
mov r2, #0 @ init quotient
mov r3, #0 @ init remainder
mov r4, #32 @ init counter bits
b 2f
1: @ loop
movs r0, r0, LSL #1 @ r0 <- r0 << 1 updating cpsr (sets C if 31st bit of r0 was 1)
adc r3, r3, r3 @ r3 <- r3 + r3 + C. This is equivalent to r3 ? (r3 << 1) + C
cmp r3, r1 @ compute r3 - r1 and update cpsr
subhs r3, r3, r1 @ if r3 >= r1 (C=1) then r3 <- r3 - r1
adc r2, r2, r2 @ r2 <- r2 + r2 + C. This is equivalent to r2 <- (r2 << 1) + C
2:
subs r4, r4, #1 @ r4 <- r4 - 1
bpl 1b @ if r4 >= 0 (N=0) then loop
pop {r4, lr}
bx lr
BASIC256
It seems that the program should be this. And the BASIC256 tutorial programs work on my ubuntu system. This program neither draws the pixel nor resizes the window. Can't see anything when I plot many spots. Oh well. I've tried the rgb(255,0,0) function as well as the fastgraphics/refresh statements.
rem http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Draw_a_pixel
graphsize 320, 240
color red
plot 100, 100
BBC BASIC
{{works with|BBC BASIC for Windows}}
VDU 23, 22, 320; 240; 8, 8, 8, 0, 18, 0, 1, 25, 69, 100; 100;
C
Requires the [http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~main/bgi/cs1300/ WinBGIm] library.
#include<graphics.h> int main() { initwindow(320,240,"Red Pixel"); putpixel(100,100,RED); getch(); return 0; }
Commodore BASIC
'''Example 1:''' Commodore 64
There are no graphics commands in Commodore 64 BASIC. High resolution (hires) graphics are programmed by directly manipulating the hardware registers and memory.
The Commodore 64 hires bitmap is 320×200, subdivided into 8×8 cells starting at the top left and moving right. Each cell is addressed top to bottom by 8 bytes. Each byte controls a horizontal row of 8 bits. This requires calculation on the programmer's part to translate X,Y coordinates into a specific memory address/value combination (lines 30 through 60).
10 REM PLOT A RED PIXEL AT 100,100
20 REM INITIALIZE BITMAP MODE
21 POKE 53280,0:PRINT CHR$(147);"CLEARING BITMAP... PLEASE WAIT..."
22 BASE=8192:FOR I=BASE TO BASE+7999:POKE I,0:NEXT
23 PRINT CHR$(147);
24 POKE 53272,PEEK(53272) OR 8:REM SET BITMAP MEMORY AT 8192 ($2000)
25 POKE 53265,PEEK(53265) OR 32:REM ENTER BITMAP MODE
26 REM PLOT PIXEL
30 X=100:Y=100
40 MEM=BASE+INT(Y/8)*320+INT(X/8)*8+(Y AND 7)
50 PX=7-(X AND 7)
60 POKE MEM,PEEK(MEM) OR 2^PX
65 REM WAIT FOR KEYPRESS
70 GET K$:IF K$="" THEN 70
75 REM CLEAR PIXEL, RETURN TO TEXT MODE
80 POKE MEM,0:POKE 53265,PEEK(53265) AND 223:POKE 53272,PEEK(53272) AND 247
90 POKE 53280,14:POKE 53281,6:POKE 646,14:END
'''Example 2:''' Commodore Plus 4 and 128
10 COLOR 0,1:COLOR 1,3: REM SET BORDER TO BLACK AND PIXEL COLOR TO RED
15 GRAPHIC 1,1 : REM ENTER BITMAP GRAPHICS MODE AND CLEAR SCREEN
20 DRAW 1,100,100 : REM PLOT PIXEL AT 100,100
30 GET K$:IF K$="" THEN 30
40 GRAPHIC 0,1 : REM RETURN TO TEXT MODE
Factor
USING: accessors arrays images images.testing images.viewer
kernel literals math sequences ;
IN: rosetta-code.draw-pixel
: draw-pixel ( -- )
B{ 255 0 0 } 100 100 <rgb-image> 320 240 [ 2array >>dim ]
[ * ] 2bi [ { 0 0 0 } ] replicate B{ } concat-as >>bitmap
[ set-pixel-at ] keep image-window ;
MAIN: draw-pixel
=={{Header|FreeBASIC}}==
' version 27-06-2018
' compile with: fbc -s console
' or: fbc -s gui
Screen 13 ' Screen 18: 320x200, 8bit colordepth
'ScreenRes 320, 200, 24 ' Screenres: 320x200, 24bit colordepth
If ScreenPtr = 0 Then
Print "Error setting video mode!"
End
End If
Dim As UInteger depth, x = 100, y = 100
' what is color depth
ScreenInfo ,,depth
If depth = 8 Then
PSet(x, y), 40 ' palette, index 40 = RGB(255, 0, 0)
Else
PSet(x, y), RGB(255, 0, 0) ' red
End If
' empty keyboard buffer
While Inkey <> "" : Wend
WindowTitle IIf(depth = 8, "Palette","True Color") + ", hit any key to end program"
Sleep
End
=={{Header|GB BASIC}}== The resolution of the Game Boy's screen is only 160×144, so the window requirement is out, but the pixel is easy. Also, GB BASIC doesn't support displaying the color red, so the Game Boy's grayscale equivalent, dark gray, is used instead:
10 color 1
20 point 100,100
Go
package main import ( "fmt" "image" "image/color" "image/draw" ) func main() { rect := image.Rect(0, 0, 320, 240) img := image.NewRGBA(rect) // Use green background, say. green := color.RGBA{0, 255, 0, 255} draw.Draw(img, rect, &image.Uniform{green}, image.ZP, draw.Src) // Set color of pixel at (100, 100) to red red := color.RGBA{255, 0, 0, 255} img.Set(100, 100, red) // Check it worked. cmap := map[color.Color]string{green: "green", red: "red"} c1 := img.At(0, 0) c2 := img.At(100, 100) fmt.Println("The color of the pixel at ( 0, 0) is", cmap[c1], "\b.") fmt.Println("The color of the pixel at (100, 100) is", cmap[c2], "\b.") }
{{out}}
The color of the pixel at ( 0, 0) is green.
The color of the pixel at (100, 100) is red.
=={{header|IS-BASIC}}==
## Java
Basic Implementation via subclass of JFrame:
```Java
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class DrawAPixel extends JFrame{
public DrawAPixel() {
super("Red Pixel");
setSize(320, 240);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.setColor(new Color(255, 0, 0));
g.drawRect(100, 100, 1, 1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DrawAPixel();
}
}
Advanced Implementation via subclass of JPanel (more powerful especially while repainting):
import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JPanel; public class DrawAPixel extends JPanel{ private BufferedImage puffer; private JFrame window; private Graphics g; public DrawAPixel() { window = new JFrame("Red Pixel"); window.setSize(320, 240); window.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); window.setLayout(null); setBounds(0, 0, 320, 240); window.add(this); window.setVisible(true); } @Override public void paint(Graphics gr) { if(g == null) { puffer = (BufferedImage) createImage(getWidth(), getHeight()); g = puffer.getGraphics(); } g.setColor(new Color(255, 0, 0)); g.drawRect(100, 100, 1, 1); gr.drawImage(puffer, 0, 0, this); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DrawAPixel(); } }
Julia
using Gtk, Graphics const can = @GtkCanvas() const win = GtkWindow(can, "Draw a Pixel", 320, 240) draw(can) do widget ctx = getgc(can) set_source_rgb(ctx, 255, 0, 0) move_to(ctx, 100, 100) line_to(ctx, 101,100) stroke(ctx) end show(can) const cond = Condition() endit(w) = notify(cond) signal_connect(endit, win, :destroy) wait(cond)
Kotlin
This task seems very similar to the [[Bitmap]] task and so therefore is the code to accomplish it.
// Version 1.2.41 import java.awt.Color import java.awt.Graphics import java.awt.image.BufferedImage class BasicBitmapStorage(width: Int, height: Int) { val image = BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR) fun fill(c: Color) { val g = image.graphics g.color = c g.fillRect(0, 0, image.width, image.height) } fun setPixel(x: Int, y: Int, c: Color) = image.setRGB(x, y, c.getRGB()) fun getPixel(x: Int, y: Int) = Color(image.getRGB(x, y)) } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val bbs = BasicBitmapStorage(320, 240) with (bbs) { fill(Color.white) // say setPixel(100, 100, Color.red) // check it worked val c = getPixel(100, 100) print("The color of the pixel at (100, 100) is ") println(if (c == Color.red) "red" else "white") } }
{{output}}
The color of the pixel at (100, 100) is red
M2000 Interpreter
Version 2
M2000 Console used for text and graphics too. So for this version we plot a pixel in console and in a form (a window above console). Form is open as modal, but console is something different, so we can show or hide it.
All forms are above console (for any kind, modal or not modal form), and we can hide console using Title statement. So in this example we hide/show console (behind form window) by clicking the form. In any state of showing console, when we close form and Interpreter need to input from console (like in prompt state), console state get visible.
There is also a PSet statement for pixel drawing (from 9.5 version). Just replace the module call to PlotPixel with Pset.
Module CheckIt {
Module PlotPixel (a as single, b as single) {
Move a*TwipsX, b*TwipsX
Draw TwipsX, TwipsY
}
Cls 5,0 \\ clear console with Magenta (5) and set split screen from 0 (no split screen)
Pen #55FF77 {
PlotPixel 1000, 200
}
Wait 1000
Title "", 1
Declare DrawPixelForm Form
With DrawPixelForm, "Title", "Draw a Pixel at 100,100"
Layer DrawPixelForm {
\\ 12 for 12pt fonts
\\ use ; to center window
Window 12, 320*twipsx, 240*twipsy;
Cls #333333
Pen Color(255,0,0) {
PlotPixel 100, 100
}
}
\\ code to show/hide console clicking form
\\ console shown behind form
k=0
Function DrawPixelForm.Click {
Title "Rosetta Code Example", abs(k)
if k then show
k~
}
Method DrawPixelForm, "Show", 1
Declare DrawPixelForm Nothing
}
CheckIt
[https://www.dropbox.com/s/uscltz6pwy06jxv/DrawPixelForm.png?dl=0 OutPut]
Nim
{{libheader|rapid}}
import rapid/gfx var window = initRWindow() .size(320, 240) .title("Rosetta Code - draw a pixel") .open() surface = window.openGfx() surface.loop: draw ctx, step: ctx.clear(gray(0)) ctx.begin() ctx.point((100.0, 100.0, rgb(255, 0, 0))) ctx.draw(prPoints) discard step # Prevent unused variable warnings update step: discard step
Lua
The luasdl2 library is required.
local SDL = require "SDL" local ret = SDL.init { SDL.flags.Video } local window = SDL.createWindow { title = "Pixel", height = 320, width = 240 } local renderer = SDL.createRenderer(window, 0, 0) renderer:clear() renderer:setDrawColor(0xFF0000) renderer:drawPoint({x = 100,y = 100}) renderer:present() SDL.delay(5000)
Oberon
With basic module XYplane, the size of the drawing plane cannot be set. Tested with [https://miasap.se/obnc OBNC].
MODULE pixel;
IMPORT XYplane;
BEGIN
XYplane.Open;
XYplane.Dot(100, 100, XYplane.draw);
REPEAT UNTIL XYplane.Key() = "q"
END pixel.
Objeck
{{libheader|SDL2}}
use Game.SDL2;
use Game.Framework;
class DrawPixel {
@framework : GameFramework;
function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil {
DrawPixel->New()->Run();
}
New() {
@framework := GameFramework->New(320, 240, "RGB");
@framework->SetClearColor(Color->New(0, 0, 0));
}
method : Run() ~ Nil {
if(@framework->IsOk()) {
e := @framework->GetEvent();
quit := false;
while(<>quit) {
@framework->FrameStart();
@framework->Clear();
while(e->Poll() <> 0) {
if(e->GetType() = EventType->SDL_QUIT) {
quit := true;
};
};
@framework->GetRenderer()->SetDrawColor(255, 0, 0, 255);
@framework->GetRenderer()->DrawPoint(100, 100);
@framework->Show();
@framework->FrameEnd();
};
}
else {
"--- Error Initializing Game Environment ---"->ErrorLine();
return;
};
leaving {
@framework->Quit();
};
}
}
OCaml
Using the Graphics library provided with the standard OCaml distribution:
module G = Graphics let () = G.open_graph ""; G.resize_window 320 240; G.set_color G.red; G.plot 100 100; ignore (G.read_key ())
run with:
$ ocaml graphics.cma draw_a_pixel.ml
{{libheader|OCamlSDL2}}
open Sdl let () = let width, height = (320, 240) in Sdl.init [`VIDEO]; let window, renderer = Render.create_window_and_renderer ~width ~height ~flags:[] in let rgb = (255, 0, 0) and a = 255 in Render.set_draw_color renderer ~rgb ~a; Render.draw_point renderer (100, 100); Render.render_present renderer; Timer.delay 3000; Sdl.quit ()
run with:
$ ocaml -I $(ocamlfind query sdl2) sdl2.cma draw_a_pixel.ml
Perl
{{libheader|Gtk3}}
use Gtk3 '-init'; my $window = Gtk3::Window->new(); $window->set_default_size(320, 240); $window->set_border_width(10); $window->set_title("Draw a Pixel"); $window->set_app_paintable(TRUE); my $da = Gtk3::DrawingArea->new(); $da->signal_connect('draw' => \&draw_in_drawingarea); $window->add($da); $window->show_all(); Gtk3->main; sub draw_in_drawingarea { my ($widget, $cr, $data) = @_; $cr->set_source_rgb(1, 0, 0); $cr->set_line_width(1); $cr->rectangle( 100, 100, 1, 1); $cr->stroke; }
Perl 6
{{works with|Rakudo|2018.05}} Really? Draw a single pixel? Sigh.
use GTK::Simple;
use GTK::Simple::DrawingArea;
use Cairo;
my $app = GTK::Simple::App.new(:title('Draw a Pixel'));
my $da = GTK::Simple::DrawingArea.new;
gtk_simple_use_cairo;
$app.set-content( $da );
$app.border-width = 5;
$da.size-request(320,240);
sub rect-do( $d, $ctx ) {
given $ctx {
.rgb(1, 0, 0);
.rectangle(100, 100, 1, 1);
.fill;
}
}
my $ctx = $da.add-draw-handler( &rect-do );
$app.run;
Phix
include pGUI.e
cdCanvas cdcanvas
function redraw_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/, integer /*posx*/, integer /*posy*/)
cdCanvasActivate(cdcanvas)
cdCanvasPixel(cdcanvas, 100, 100, CD_RED)
cdCanvasFlush(cdcanvas)
return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function map_cb(Ihandle ih)
cdcanvas = cdCreateCanvas(CD_IUP, ih)
return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
procedure main()
IupOpen()
Ihandle canvas = IupCanvas(NULL)
IupSetAttribute(canvas, "RASTERSIZE", "320x240")
IupSetCallback(canvas, "MAP_CB", Icallback("map_cb"))
Ihandle dlg = IupDialog(canvas)
IupSetAttribute(dlg, "TITLE", "Draw a pixel")
IupSetCallback(canvas, "ACTION", Icallback("redraw_cb"))
IupCloseOnEscape(dlg)
IupShow(dlg)
IupMainLoop()
IupClose()
end procedure
main()
Processing
void setup()
{
size(320, 240);
background(255);
stroke(255, 0, 0);
point(100, 100);
}
PureBasic
If OpenWindow(0, 0, 0, 320, 240, "Rosetta Code Draw A Pixel in PureBasic")
If CreateImage(0, 320, 240) And StartDrawing(ImageOutput(0))
Plot(100, 100,RGB(255,0,0))
StopDrawing()
ImageGadget(0, 0, 0, 320, 240, ImageID(0))
EndIf
Repeat
Event = WaitWindowEvent()
Until Event = #PB_Event_CloseWindow
EndIf
Python
{{works with|Python |2.7.14}} {{libheader|PIL}}
from PIL import Image img = Image.new('RGB', (320, 240)) pixels = img.load() pixels[100,100] = (255,0,0) img.show()
QBASIC
' http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Draw_a_pixel
' This program can run in QBASIC, QuickBASIC, gw-BASIC (adding line numbers) and VB-DOS
SCREEN 1
COLOR , 0
PSET (100, 100), 2
END
Racket
#lang racket
(require racket/draw)
(let ((b (make-object bitmap% 320 240)))
(send b set-argb-pixels 100 100 1 1 (bytes 255 0 0 255))
b)
Ring
# Project : Draw a pixel
load "guilib.ring"
new qapp {
win1 = new qwidget() {
setwindowtitle("Drawing Pixels")
setgeometry(100,100,320,240)
label1 = new qlabel(win1) {
setgeometry(10,10,300,200)
settext("")
}
new qpushbutton(win1) {
setgeometry(200,200,100,30)
settext("draw")
setclickevent("draw()")
}
show()
}
exec()
}
func draw()
p1 = new qpicture()
color = new qcolor() {
setrgb(255,0,0,255)
}
pen = new qpen() {
setcolor(color)
setwidth(5)
}
new qpainter() {
begin(p1)
setpen(pen)
drawpoint(100,100)
endpaint()
}
label1 { setpicture(p1) show() }
Output image: [https://www.dropbox.com/s/gbtrkx7bx7hogxm/PixelColor.jpg?dl=0 Draw a pixel]
Robotic
We can technically draw a pixel through the use of Sprites.
One of the requirements (fixed screen resolution) could not be met.
. "Set the sprite's reference character located at the"
. "upper-left corner of the board (char 0)"
set "SPR0_REFX" to 0
set "SPR0_REFY" to 0
. "Offset that reference by 256, leading to the first character"
. "in the extended character set"
set "SPR0_OFFSET" to 256
. "Set the width and height of the sprite"
set "SPR0_WIDTH" to 1
set "SPR0_HEIGHT" to 1
. "Unbound the sprite, removing the grid restriction"
set "SPR0_UNBOUND" to 1
. "Mark the sprite for display on the overlay (this may not be necessary)"
set "SPR0_OVERLAY" to 1
set "xPos" to 100
set "yPos" to 100
. "Display the sprite at the given location"
put c0c Sprite p00 at "('xPos')" "('yPos')"
I highly recommend you check out [https://www.digitalmzx.net/wiki/index.php?title=Sprite_(Tutorial) this tutorial] for the usage of Sprites in order to get a better understanding of all this.
Rust
{{libheader|piston_window}} {{libheader|image}}
{{out|Output Image}} [https://cdn1.imggmi.com/uploads/2018/10/3/71d1e0b8722bca5d239eb733320f6df6-full.png RustOut]
extern crate piston_window; extern crate image; use piston_window::*; fn main() { let (width, height) = (320, 240); let mut window: PistonWindow = WindowSettings::new("Red Pixel", [width, height]) .exit_on_esc(true).build().unwrap(); // Since we cant manipulate pixels directly, we need to manipulate the pixels on a canvas. // Only issue is that sub-pixels exist (which is probably why the red pixel looks like a smear on the output image) let mut canvas = image::ImageBuffer::new(width, height); canvas.put_pixel(100, 100, image::Rgba([0xff, 0, 0, 0xff])); // Transform into a texture so piston can use it. let texture: G2dTexture = Texture::from_image( &mut window.factory, &canvas, &TextureSettings::new() ).unwrap(); // The window event loop. while let Some(event) = window.next() { window.draw_2d(&event, |context, graphics| { clear([1.0; 4], graphics); image(&texture, context.transform, graphics); }); } }
Scala
Scala idiom
A more Scalesque version could be with the use of its idiom: {{Out}} Best experienced in your browser [https://scastie.scala-lang.org/AHtZh6zhRTWGj3M8azw28g with Scastie (remote JVM)].
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage import java.awt.Color import scala.language.reflectiveCalls object RgbBitmap extends App { class RgbBitmap(val dim: (Int, Int)) { def width = dim._1 def height = dim._2 private val image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR) def apply(x: Int, y: Int) = new Color(image.getRGB(x, y)) def update(x: Int, y: Int, c: Color) = image.setRGB(x, y, c.getRGB) def fill(c: Color) = { val g = image.getGraphics g.setColor(c) g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height) } } object RgbBitmap { def apply(width: Int, height: Int) = new RgbBitmap(width, height) } /** Even Javanese style testing is still possible. */ private val img0 = new RgbBitmap(50, 60) { // Wrappers to enable adhoc Javanese style def getPixel(x: Int, y: Int) = this(x, y) def setPixel(x: Int, y: Int, c: Color) = this(x, y) = c } img0.fill(Color.CYAN) img0.setPixel(5, 6, Color.BLUE) // Testing in Java style assert(img0.getPixel(0, 1) == Color.CYAN) assert(img0.getPixel(5, 6) == Color.BLUE) assert(img0.width == 50) assert(img0.height == 60) println("Tests successfully completed with no errors found.") }
SmileBASIC
I almost said that the 320x240 requirement was not going to happen. Then I realised the 3DS bottom screen is exactly 320x240.
XSCREEN 3
DISPLAY 1
GPSET 100, 100, RGB(255, 0, 0)
WAIT 60
VBA
Word
Sub draw()
Dim sh As Shape, sl As Shape
Set sh = ActiveDocument.Shapes.AddCanvas(100, 100, 320, 240)
Set sl = sh.CanvasItems.AddLine(100, 100, 101, 100)
sl.Line.ForeColor.RGB = RGB(Red:=255, Green:=0, Blue:=0)
End Sub
Wee Basic
Since the resolution of the Nintendo DS's bottom screen is only 256×192 (the same applies to the top screen), the window requirement is out, but the pixel is easy:
keyhide
plot 0 100,100,5
end
ZX Spectrum Basic
The ZX Spectrum screen is only 256x224 (unless you're running one of the games like Starion or Dark Star which used scary machine code timing tricks to draw on the border), meaning the window requirement is out, but the pixel is easy:
PLOT INK 2;100,100