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The Hailstone sequence of numbers can be generated from a starting positive integer, n by:

• If n is '''1''' then the sequence ends.
• If n is '''even''' then the next n of the sequence  = n/2
• If n is '''odd''' then the next n of the sequence  = (3 * n) + 1

The (unproven) [[wp:Collatz conjecture|Collatz conjecture]] is that the hailstone sequence for any starting number always terminates.

The hailstone sequence is also known as ''hailstone numbers'' (because the values are usually subject to multiple descents and ascents like hailstones in a cloud).

This sequence is also known as the ''Collatz sequence''.

# Show the number less than 100,000 which has the longest hailstone sequence together with that sequence's length.

(But don't show the actual sequence!)


• [http://xkcd.com/710 xkcd] (humourous).

## 360 Assembly

*        Hailstone sequence        16/08/2015
HAILSTON CSECT
USING  HAILSTON,R12
LR     R12,R15
ST     R14,SAVER14
BEGIN    L      R11,=F'100000'     nmax
LA     R8,27              n=27
LR     R1,R8
MVI    FTAB,X'01'         ftab=true
BAL    R14,COLLATZ
LR     R10,R1             p
XDECO  R8,XDEC            n
MVC    BUF1+10(6),XDEC+6
XDECO  R10,XDEC           p
MVC    BUF1+18(5),XDEC+7
LA     R5,6
LA     R3,0               i
LA     R4,BUF1+25
LOOPED   L      R2,TAB(R3)         tab(i)
XDECO  R2,XDEC
MVC    0(7,R4),XDEC+5
LA     R3,4(R3)           i=i+1
LA     R4,7(R4)
C      R5,=F'4'
BNE    BCT
LA     R4,7(R4)
BCT      BCT    R5,LOOPED
XPRNT  BUF1,80            print hailstone(n)=p,tab(*)
MVC    LONGEST,=F'0'      longest=0
MVI    FTAB,X'00'         ftab=true
LA     R8,1               i
LOOPI    CR     R8,R11             do i=1 to nmax
BH     ELOOPI
LR     R1,R8              n
BAL    R14,COLLATZ
LR     R10,R1             p
L      R4,LONGEST
CR     R4,R10             if longest<p
BNL    NOTSUP
ST     R8,IVAL            ival=i
ST     R10,LONGEST        longest=p
NOTSUP   LA     R8,1(R8)           i=i+1
B      LOOPI
ELOOPI   EQU    *                  end i
XDECO  R11,XDEC           maxn
MVC    BUF2+9(6),XDEC+6
L      R1,IVAL            ival
XDECO  R1,XDEC
MVC    BUF2+28(6),XDEC+6
L      R1,LONGEST         longest
XDECO  R1,XDEC
MVC    BUF2+36(5),XDEC+7
XPRNT  BUF2,80            print maxn,hailstone(ival)=longest
B      RETURN
*        *      *                  r1=collatz(r1)
COLLATZ  LR     R7,R1              m=n  (R7)
LA     R6,1               p=1  (R6)
LOOPP    C      R7,=F'1'           do p=1 by 1 while(m>1)
BNH    ELOOPP
CLI    FTAB,X'01'         if ftab
BNE    NONOK
C      R6,=F'1'           if p>=1
BL     NONOK
C      R6,=F'3'           & p<=3
BH     NONOK
LR     R1,R6              then
BCTR   R1,0
SLA    R1,2
ST     R7,TAB(R1)         tab(p)=m
NONOK    LR     R4,R7              m
N      R4,=F'1'           m&1
LTR    R4,R4              if m//2=0  (if not(m&1))
BNZ    ODD
EVEN     SRA    R7,1               m=m/2
B      EIFM
ODD      LA     R3,3
MR     R2,R7              *m
LA     R7,1(R3)           m=m*3+1
EIFM     CLI    FTAB,X'01'         if ftab
BNE    NEXTP
MVC    TAB+12,TAB+16      tab(4)=tab(5)
MVC    TAB+16,TAB+20      tab(5)=tab(6)
ST     R7,TAB+20          tab(6)=m
NEXTP    LA     R6,1(R6)           p=p+1
B      LOOPP
ELOOPP   LR     R1,R6              end p; return(p)
BR     R14                end collatz
*
RETURN   L      R14,SAVER14        restore caller address
XR     R15,R15            set return code
SAVER14  DS     F
IVAL     DS     F
LONGEST  DS     F
N        DS     F
TAB      DS     6F
FTAB     DS     X
BUF1     DC     CL80'hailstone(nnnnnn)=nnnnn : nnnnnn nnnnnn nnnnnn ...*
... nnnnnn nnnnnn nnnnnn'
BUF2     DC     CL80'longest <nnnnnn : hailstone(nnnnnn)=nnnnn'
XDEC     DS     CL12
YREGS
END    HAILSTON


{{out}}


hailstone(    27)=  112 :     27     82     41 ......      4      2      1
longest <100000 : hailstone( 77031)=  351



## ABAP


CLASS lcl_hailstone DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
TYPES: tty_sequence TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF i
WITH NON-UNIQUE EMPTY KEY,
BEGIN OF ty_seq_len,
start TYPE i,
len   TYPE i,
END OF ty_seq_len,
tty_seq_len TYPE HASHED TABLE OF ty_seq_len
WITH UNIQUE KEY start.

CLASS-METHODS:
get_next
IMPORTING
n                           TYPE i
RETURNING
VALUE(r_next_hailstone_num) TYPE i,

get_sequence
IMPORTING
start             TYPE i
RETURNING
VALUE(r_sequence) TYPE tty_sequence,

get_longest_sequence_upto
IMPORTING
limit                     TYPE i
RETURNING
VALUE(r_longest_sequence) TYPE ty_seq_len.

PRIVATE SECTION.
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_seq,
start TYPE i,
seq   TYPE tty_sequence,
END OF ty_seq.
CLASS-DATA: sequence_buffer TYPE HASHED TABLE OF ty_seq
WITH UNIQUE KEY start.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS lcl_hailstone IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD get_next.
r_next_hailstone_num = COND #( WHEN n MOD 2 = 0 THEN n / 2
ELSE ( 3 * n ) + 1 ).
ENDMETHOD.

METHOD get_sequence.
INSERT start INTO TABLE r_sequence.
IF start = 1.
RETURN.
ENDIF.

WITH TABLE KEY start = start.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
INSERT LINES OF <buff>-seq INTO TABLE r_sequence.
ELSE.
DATA(seq) = get_sequence( get_next( start ) ).
INSERT LINES OF seq INTO TABLE r_sequence.
INSERT VALUE ty_seq( start = start
seq   = seq ) INTO TABLE sequence_buffer.
ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.

METHOD get_longest_sequence_upto.
DATA: max_seq TYPE ty_seq_len,
act_seq TYPE ty_seq_len.

DO limit TIMES.
act_seq-len = lines( get_sequence( sy-index ) ).

IF act_seq-len > max_seq-len.
max_seq-len   = act_seq-len.
max_seq-start = sy-index.
ENDIF.
ENDDO.

r_longest_sequence = max_seq.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

START-OF-SELECTION.
cl_demo_output=>begin_section( |Hailstone sequence of 27 is: | ).
cl_demo_output=>write( REDUCE string( INIT result = 
FOR item IN lcl_hailstone=>get_sequence( 27 )
NEXT result = |{ result } { item }| ) ).
cl_demo_output=>write( |With length: { lines( lcl_hailstone=>get_sequence( 27 ) ) }| ).
cl_demo_output=>begin_section( |Longest hailstone sequence upto 100k| ).
cl_demo_output=>write( lcl_hailstone=>get_longest_sequence_upto( 100000 ) ).
cl_demo_output=>display( ).



{{out}}


Hailstone sequence of 27 is:

27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1

With length: 112

Longest hailstone sequence upto 100k

Structure
START LEN
77031 351



## ACL2

(defun hailstone (len)
(loop for x = len
then (if (evenp x)
(/ x 2)
(+ 1 (* 3 x)))
collect x until (= x 1)))

;; Must be tail recursive
(defun max-hailstone-start (limit mx curr)
(declare (xargs :mode :program))
(if (zp limit)
(mv mx curr)
(let ((new-mx (len (hailstone limit))))
(if (> new-mx mx)
(max-hailstone-start (1- limit) new-mx limit)
(max-hailstone-start (1- limit) mx curr)))))


{{out}}

&gt; (take 4 (hailstone 27))
(27 82 41 124)
&gt; (nthcdr 108 (hailstone 27))
(8 4 2 1)
&gt; (len (hailstone 27))
112
&gt; (max-hailstone-start 100000 0 0)
(351 77031)


Similar to [[#C|C method]]:

with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure hailstone is
type int_arr is array(Positive range <>) of Integer;
type int_arr_pt is access all int_arr;

function hailstones(num:Integer; pt:int_arr_pt) return Integer is
stones : Integer := 1;
n : Integer := num;
begin
if pt /= null then pt(1) := num; end if;
while (n/=1) loop
stones := stones + 1;
if n mod 2 = 0 then n := n/2;
else n := (3*n)+1;
end if;
if pt /= null then pt(stones) := n; end if;
end loop;
return stones;
end hailstones;

nmax,stonemax,stones : Integer := 0;
list : int_arr_pt;
begin
stones := hailstones(27,null);
list := new int_arr(1..stones);
stones := hailstones(27,list);
put(" 27: "&Integer'Image(stones)); new_line;
for n in 1..4 loop put(Integer'Image(list(n)));	end loop;
put(" .... ");
for n in stones-3..stones loop put(Integer'Image(list(n))); end loop;
new_line;
for n in 1..100000 loop
stones := hailstones(n,null);
if stones>stonemax then
nmax := n; stonemax := stones;
end if;
end loop;
put_line(Integer'Image(nmax)&" max @ n= "&Integer'Image(stonemax));
end hailstone;


{{out}}


27:  112
27 82 41 124 ....  8 4 2 1
77031 max @ n=  351



### Alternative method

A method without pointers or dynamic memory allocation, but slower for simply counting. This is also used for the "executable library" task [[Executable library#Ada]].

package Hailstones is
type Integer_Sequence is array(Positive range <>) of Integer;
function Create_Sequence (N : Positive) return Integer_Sequence;
end Hailstones;


package body Hailstones is
function Create_Sequence (N : Positive) return Integer_Sequence is
begin
if N = 1 then
-- terminate
return (1 => N);
elsif N mod 2 = 0 then
-- even
return (1 => N) & Create_Sequence (N / 2);
else
-- odd
return (1 => N) & Create_Sequence (3 * N + 1);
end if;
end Create_Sequence;
end Hailstones;


with Ada.Text_IO;
with Hailstones;

procedure Main is
package Integer_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO (Integer);

procedure Print_Sequence (X : Hailstones.Integer_Sequence) is
begin
for I in X'Range loop
Integer_IO.Put (Item => X (I), Width => 0);
if I < X'Last then
end if;
end loop;
end Print_Sequence;

Hailstone_27 : constant Hailstones.Integer_Sequence :=
Hailstones.Create_Sequence (N => 27);

begin
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Length of 27:" & Integer'Image (Hailstone_27'Length));
Print_Sequence (Hailstone_27 (Hailstone_27'First .. Hailstone_27'First + 3));
Print_Sequence (Hailstone_27 (Hailstone_27'Last - 3 .. Hailstone_27'Last));

declare
Longest_Length : Natural := 0;
Longest_N      : Positive;
Length         : Natural;
begin
for I in 1 .. 99_999 loop
Length := Hailstones.Create_Sequence (N => I)'Length;
if Length > Longest_Length then
Longest_Length := Length;
Longest_N := I;
end if;
end loop;
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Longest length is" & Integer'Image (Longest_Length));
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("with N =" & Integer'Image (Longest_N));
end;
end Main;


{{out}}

Length of 27: 112
First four: 27, 82, 41, 124
Last four: 8, 4, 2, 1
Longest length is 351
with N = 77031


## Aime

void
print_hailstone(integer h)
{
list l;

while (h ^ 1) {
lb_p_integer(l, h);
h = h & 1 ? 3 * h + 1 : h / 2;
}

o_form("hailstone sequence for ~ is ~1 ~ ~ ~ .. ~ ~ ~ ~, it is ~ long\n",
l[0], l[1], l[2], l[3], l[-3], l[-2], l[-1], 1, ~l + 1);
}

void
max_hailstone(integer x)
{
integer e, i, m;
index r;

m = 0;
i = 1;
while (i < x) {
integer h, k, l;

h = i;
l = 1;
while (h ^ 1) {
if (i_j_integer(k, r, h)) {
l += k;
break;
} else {
l += 1;
h = h & 1 ? 3 * h + 1 : h / 2;
}
}

r[i] = l - 1;

if (m < l) {
m = l;
e = i;
}

i += 1;
}

o_form("hailstone sequence length for ~ is ~\n", e, m);
}

integer
main(void)
{
print_hailstone(27);
max_hailstone(100000);

return 0;
}


{{out}}

hailstone sequence for 27 is 27 82 41 124 .. 8 4 2 1, it is 112 long
hailstone sequence length for 77031 is 351


## ALGOL 68

{{trans|C}} - note: This specimen retains the original C coding style. {{works with|ALGOL 68|Standard - no extensions to language used}} {{works with|ALGOL 68G|Any - tested with release [http://sourceforge.net/projects/algol68/files/algol68g/algol68g-1.18.0/algol68g-1.18.0-9h.tiny.el5.centos.fc11.i386.rpm/download 1.18.0-9h.tiny]}} {{works with|ELLA ALGOL 68|Any (with appropriate job cards) - using the ''print'' routine rather than ''printf''}}

MODE LINT = # LONG ... # INT;

PROC hailstone = (INT in n, REF[]LINT array)INT:
(
INT hs := 1;
INT index := 0;
LINT n := in n;

WHILE n /= 1 DO
hs +:= 1;
IF array ISNT REF[]LINT(NIL) THEN array[index +:= 1] := n FI;
n := IF ODD n THEN 3*n+1 ELSE n OVER 2 FI
OD;
IF array ISNT REF[]LINT(NIL) THEN array[index +:= 1] := n FI;
hs
);

main:
(
INT j, hmax := 0;
INT jatmax, n;
INT border = 4;

FOR j TO 100000-1 DO
n := hailstone(j, NIL);
IF hmax < n THEN
hmax := n;
jatmax := j
FI
OD;

[2]INT test := (27, jatmax);
FOR key TO UPB test DO
INT val = test[key];
n := hailstone(val, NIL);
[n]LINT array;
n := hailstone(val, array);

printf(($"[ "n(border)(g(0)", ")" ..."n(border)(", "g(0))"] len="g(0)l$,
array[:border], array[n-border+1:], n))
#;free(array) #
OD;
printf(($"Max "g(0)" at j="g(0)l$, hmax, jatmax))
# ELLA Algol68RS:
print(("Max",hmax," at j=",jatmax, new line))
#
)


{{out}}


[ 27, 82, 41, 124,  ..., 8, 4, 2, 1] len=112
[ 77031, 231094, 115547, 346642,  ..., 8, 4, 2, 1] len=351
Max 351 at j=77031



## ALGOL W

begin
% show some Hailstone Sequence related information                       %
% calculates the length of the sequence generated by n,                  %
% if showFirstAndLast is true, the first and last 4 elements of the      %
% sequence are stored in first and last                                  %
% hs holds a cache of the upbHs previously calculated sequence lengths   %
% if showFirstAndLast is false, the cache will be used                   %
procedure hailstone ( integer value  n
; integer array  first, last ( * )
; integer result length
; integer array  hs          ( * )
; integer value  upbHs
; logical value  showFirstAndLast
) ;
if not showFirstAndLast and n <= upbHs and hs( n ) not = 0 then begin
% no need to store the start and end of the sequence and we already  %
% know the length of the sequence for n                              %
length := hs( n )
end
else begin
% must calculate the sequence length                                 %
integer sv;
for i := 1 until 4 do first( i ) := last( i ) := 0;
length := 0;
sv     := n;
if sv > 0 then begin
while begin
length := length + 1;
if showFirstAndLast then begin
if length <= 4 then first( length ) := sv;
for lPos := 1 until 3 do last( lPos ) := last( lPos + 1 );
last( 4 ) := sv
end
else if sv <= upbHs and hs( sv ) not = 0 then begin
% have a known value                                 %
length := ( length + hs( sv ) ) - 1;
sv     := 1
end ;
sv not = 1
end do begin
sv := if odd( sv ) then ( 3 * sv ) + 1 else sv div 2
end while_sv_ne_1 ;
if n < upbHs then hs( n ) := length
end if_sv_gt_0
end hailstone ;
begin
% test the hailstone procedure                                       %
integer HS_CACHE_SIZE;
HS_CACHE_SIZE := 100000;
begin
integer array first, last ( 1 :: 4 );
integer       length, maxLength, maxNumber;
integer array hs          ( 1 :: HS_CACHE_SIZE );
for i := 1 until HS_CACHE_SIZE do hs( i ) := 0;
hailstone( 27, first, last, length, hs, HS_CACHE_SIZE, true );
write( i_w := 1, s_w := 0
, "27: length ", length, ", first: ["
, first( 1 ), " ", first( 2 ), " ", first( 3 ), " ", first( 4 )
, "] last: ["
, last( 1 ), " ", last( 2 ), " ", last( 3 ), " ", last( 4 )
, "]"
);
maxNumber := 0;
maxLength := 0;
for n := 1 until 100000 do begin
hailstone( n, first, last, length, hs, HS_CACHE_SIZE, false );
if length > maxLength then begin
maxNumber := n;
maxLength := length
end if_length_gt_maxLength
end for_n ;
write( i_w := 1, s_w := 1, "Maximum sequence length: ", maxLength, " for: ", maxNumber )
end
end
end.


{{out}}


27: length 112, first: [27 82 41 124] last: [8 4 2 1]
Maximum sequence length: 351  for: 77031



## APL

{{works with|Dyalog APL}}

seq←hailstone n;next
⍝ Returns the hailstone sequence for a given number

seq←n                   ⍝ Init the sequence
:While n≠1
next←(n÷2) (1+3×n)  ⍝ Compute both possibilities
n←next[1+2|n]       ⍝ Pick the appropriate next step
seq,←n              ⍝ Append that to the sequence
:EndWhile


{{out}}

 5↑hailstone 27
27 82 41 124 62
¯5↑hailstone 27
16 8 4 2 1
⍴hailstone 27
112
1↑{⍵[⍒↑(⍴∘hailstone)¨⍵]}⍳100000
77031


## AutoHotkey

; Submitted by MasterFocus --- http://tiny.cc/iTunis

; [1] Generate the Hailstone Seq. for a number

List := varNum := 7 ; starting number is 7, not counting elements
While ( varNum > 1 )
List .= ", " ( varNum := ( Mod(varNum,2) ? (varNum*3)+1 : varNum//2 ) )
MsgBox % List

; [2] Seq. for starting number 27 has 112 elements

Count := 1, List := varNum := 27 ; starting number is 27, counting elements
While ( varNum > 1 )
Count++ , List .= ", " ( varNum := ( Mod(varNum,2) ? (varNum*3)+1 : varNum//2 ) )
MsgBox % "Sequence:n" List "nnCount: " Count

; [3] Find number<100000 with longest seq. and show both values

MaxNum := Max := 0 ; reset the Maximum variables
TimesToLoop := 100000 ; limit number here is 100000
Offset := 70000 ; offset - use 0 to process from 0 to 100000
Loop, %TimesToLoop%
{
If ( TimesToLoop < ( varNum := Index := A_Index+Offset ) )
Break
text := "Processing...n-------------------n"
text .= "Current starting number: " Index "n"
text .= "Current sequence count: " Count
text .= "n-------------------n"
text .= "Maximum starting number: " MaxNum "n"
text .= "Maximum sequence count: " Max " <<" ; text split to avoid long code lines
ToolTip, %text%
Count := 1 ; going to count the elements, but no "List" required
While ( varNum > 1 )
Count++ , varNum := ( Mod(varNum,2) ? (varNum*3)+1 : varNum//2 )
If ( Count > Max )
Max := Count , MaxNum := Index ; set the new maximum values, if necessary
}
ToolTip
MsgBox % "Number: " MaxNum "nCount: " Max


## AutoIt


$Hail = Hailstone(27) ConsoleWrite("Sequence-Lenght: "&$Hail&@CRLF)
$Big = -1$Sequenzlenght = -1
For $I = 1 To 100000$Hail = Hailstone($i, False) If Number($Hail) > $Sequenzlenght Then$Sequenzlenght = Number($Hail)$Big = $i EndIf Next ConsoleWrite("Longest Sequence : "&$Sequenzlenght&" from number "&$Big&@CRLF) Func Hailstone($int, $sequence = True)$Counter = 0
While True
$Counter += 1 If$sequence = True Then ConsoleWrite($int & ",") If$int = 1 Then ExitLoop
If Not Mod($int, 2) Then$int = $int / 2 Else$int = 3 * $int + 1 EndIf If Not Mod($Counter, 25) AND $sequence = True Then ConsoleWrite(@CRLF) WEnd If$sequence = True Then ConsoleWrite(@CRLF)
Return $Counter EndFunc ;==>Hailstone  {{out}} 27,82,41,124,62,31,94,47,142,71,214,107,322,161,484,242,121,364,182,91,274,137,412,206,103, 310,155,466,233,700,350,175,526,263,790,395,1186,593,1780,890,445,1336,668,334,167,502,251,754,377,1132, 566,283,850,425,1276,638,319,958,479,1438,719,2158,1079,3238,1619,4858,2429,7288,3644,1822,911,2734,1367,4102,2051, 6154,3077,9232,4616,2308,1154,577,1732,866,433,1300,650,325,976,488,244,122,61,184,92,46,23,70,35,106, 53,160,80,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1, Sequence-Lenght: 112 Longest Sequence : 351 from number 77031  ## AWK  #!/usr/bin/awk -f function hailstone(v, verbose) { n = 1; u = v; while (1) { if (verbose) printf " "u; if (u==1) return(n); n++; if (u%2 > 0 ) u = 3*u+1; else u = u/2; } } BEGIN { i = 27; printf("hailstone(%i) has %i elements\n",i,hailstone(i,1)); ix=0; m=0; for (i=1; i<100000; i++) { n = hailstone(i,0); if (m<n) { m=n; ix=i; } } printf("longest hailstone sequence is %i and has %i elements\n",ix,m); }  {{out}}  27 82 41 124 ....... 8 4 2 1 hailstone(27) has 112 elements longest hailstone sequence is 77031 and has 351 elements  ## BASIC = ## Applesoft BASIC = 10 HOME 100 N = 27 110 GOSUB 400"HAILSTONE 120 DEF FN L(I) = E(I + 4 * (I < 0)) 130IFL=112AND(S(0)=27ANDS(1)=82ANDS(2)=41ANDS(3)=124)AND(FNL(M-3)=8ANDFNL(M-2)=4ANDFNL(M-1)=2ANDFNL(M)=1)THENPRINT"THE HAILSTONE SEQUENCE FOR THE NUMBER 27 HAS 112 ELEMENTS STARTING WITH 27, 82, 41, 124 AND ENDING WITH 8, 4, 2, 1" 140 PRINT 150 V = PEEK(37) + 1 200 N = 1 210 GOSUB 400"HAILSTONE 220 MN = 1 230 ML = L 240 FOR I = 2 TO 99999 250 N = I 260 GOSUB 400"HAILSTONE 270 IFL>MLTHENMN=I:ML=L:VTABV:HTAB1:PRINT "THE NUMBER " MN " HAS A HAILSTONE SEQUENCE LENGTH OF "L" WHICH IS THE LONGEST HAILSTONE SEQUENCE OF NUMBERS LESS THAN ";:Y=PEEK(37)+1:X=PEEK(36)+1 280 IF Y THEN VTAB Y : HTAB X : PRINTI+1; 290 NEXT I 300 END 400 M = 0 410 FOR L = 1 TO 1E38 420 IF L < 5 THEN S(L-1) = N 430 M = (M + 1) * (M < 3) 440 E(M) = N 450 IF N = 1 THEN RETURN 460 EVEN = INT(N/2)=N/2 470 IF EVEN THEN N=N/2 480 IF NOT EVEN THEN N = (3 * N) + 1 490 NEXT L : STOP  = ## BBC BASIC =  seqlen% = FNhailstone(27, TRUE) PRINT '"Sequence length = "; seqlen% maxlen% = 0 FOR number% = 2 TO 100000 seqlen% = FNhailstone(number%, FALSE) IF seqlen% > maxlen% THEN maxlen% = seqlen% maxnum% = number% ENDIF NEXT PRINT "The number with the longest hailstone sequence is " ; maxnum% PRINT "Its sequence length is " ; maxlen% END DEF FNhailstone(N%, S%) LOCAL L% IF S% THEN PRINT N%; WHILE N% <> 1 IF N% AND 1 THEN N% = 3 * N% + 1 ELSE N% DIV= 2 IF S% THEN PRINT N%; L% += 1 ENDWHILE = L% + 1  {{out}}  27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 Sequence length = 112 The number with the longest hailstone sequence is 77031 Its sequence length is 351  = ## Commodore BASIC = 100 PRINT : PRINT "HAILSTONE SEQUENCE FOR N = 27:" 110 N=27 : SHOW=1 120 GOSUB 1000 130 PRINT X"ELEMENTS" 140 PRINT : PRINT "FINDING N WITH THE LONGEST HAILSTONE SEQUENCE" 150 SHOW=0 160 T0 = TI 170 FOR N=2 TO 100000 180 : GOSUB 1000 190 : IF X>MAX THEN MAX=X : NMAX = N 200 : REM' PRINT N,X,MAX 210 NEXT 230 PRINT "LONGEST HAILSTONE SEQUENCE STARTS WITH "NMAX"." 240 PRINT "IT HAS"MAX"ELEMENTS" 260 END 1000 REM '*** HAILSTONE SEQUENCE SUBROUTINE *** 1010 X = 0 : S = N 1020 IF SHOW THEN PRINT S, 1030 X = X+1 1040 IF S=1 THEN RETURN 1050 IF INT(S/2)=S/2 THEN S = S/2 : GOTO 1020 1060 S = 3*S+1 1070 GOTO 1020  = ## FreeBASIC = ' version 17-06-2015 ' compile with: fbc -s console Function hailstone_fast(number As ULongInt) As ULongInt ' faster version ' only counts the sequence Dim As ULongInt count = 1 While number <> 1 If (number And 1) = 1 Then number += number Shr 1 + 1 ' 3*n+1 and n/2 in one count += 2 Else number Shr= 1 ' divide number by 2 count += 1 End If Wend Return count End Function Sub hailstone_print(number As ULongInt) ' print the number and sequence Dim As ULongInt count = 1 Print "sequence for number "; number Print Using "########"; number; 'starting number While number <> 1 If (number And 1) = 1 Then number = number * 3 + 1 ' n * 3 + 1 count += 1 Else number = number \ 2 ' n \ 2 count += 1 End If Print Using "########"; number; Wend Print : Print Print "sequence length = "; count Print Print String(79,"-") End Sub Function hailstone(number As ULongInt) As ULongInt ' normal version ' only counts the sequence Dim As ULongInt count = 1 While number <> 1 If (number And 1) = 1 Then number = number * 3 + 1 ' n * 3 + 1 count += 1 End If number = number \ 2 ' divide number by 2 count += 1 Wend Return count End Function ' ------=< MAIN >=------ Dim As ULongInt number Dim As UInteger x, max_x, max_seq hailstone_print(27) Print For x As UInteger = 1 To 100000 number = hailstone(x) If number > max_seq Then max_x = x max_seq = number End If Next Print "The longest sequence is for "; max_x; ", it has a sequence length of "; max_seq ' empty keyboard buffer While Inkey <> "" : Wend Print : Print : Print "hit any key to end program" Sleep End  {{out}} sequence for number 27 27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 sequence length = 112 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The longest sequence is for 77031, it has a sequence length of 351  = ## Liberty BASIC = print "Part 1: Create a routine to generate the hailstone sequence for a number." print "" while hailstone < 1 or hailstone <> int(hailstone) input "Please enter a positive integer: "; hailstone wend print "" print "The following is the 'Hailstone Sequence' for your number..." print "" print hailstone while hailstone <> 1 if hailstone / 2 = int(hailstone / 2) then hailstone = hailstone / 2 else hailstone = (3 * hailstone) + 1 print hailstone wend print "" input "Hit 'Enter' to continue to part 2...";dummy$
cls
print "Part 2: Use the routine to show that the hailstone sequence for the number 27 has 112 elements starting with 27, 82, 41, 124 and ending with 8, 4, 2, 1."
print ""
print "No. in Seq.","Hailstone Sequence Number for 27"
print ""
c = 1: hailstone = 27
print c, hailstone
while hailstone <> 1
c = c + 1
if hailstone / 2 = int(hailstone / 2) then hailstone = hailstone / 2 else hailstone = (3 * hailstone) + 1
print c, hailstone
wend
print ""
input "Hit 'Enter' to continue to part 3...";dummy$cls print "Part 3: Show the number less than 100,000 which has the longest hailstone sequence together with that sequence's length.(But don't show the actual sequence)!" print "" print "Calculating result... Please wait... This could take a little while..." print "" print "Percent Done", "Start Number", "Seq. Length", "Maximum Sequence So Far" print "" for cc = 1 to 99999 hailstone = cc: c = 1 while hailstone <> 1 c = c + 1 if hailstone / 2 = int(hailstone / 2) then hailstone = hailstone / 2 else hailstone = (3 * hailstone) + 1 wend if c > max then max = c: largesthailstone = cc locate 1, 7 print " " locate 1, 7 print using("###.###", cc / 99999 * 100);"%", cc, c, max scan next cc print "" print "The number less than 100,000 with the longest 'Hailstone Sequence' is "; largesthailstone;". It's sequence length is "; max;"." end  = ## OxygenBasic =  function Hailstone(sys *n) ' ### =================== if n and 1 n=n*3+1 else n=n>>1 end if end function function HailstoneSequence(sys n) as sys ' ### ================================= count=1 do Hailstone n Count++ if n=1 then exit do end do return count end function 'MAIN '==== maxc=0 maxn=0 e=100000 for n=1 to e c=HailstoneSequence n if c>maxc maxc=c maxn=n end if next print e ", " maxn ", " maxc 'result 100000, 77031, 351  = ## PureBasic = NewList Hailstones.i() ; Make a linked list to use as we do not know the numbers of elements needed for an Array Procedure.i FillHailstones(n) ; Fills the list & returns the amount of elements in the list Shared Hailstones() ; Get access to the Hailstones-List ClearList(Hailstones()) ; Remove old data Repeat AddElement(Hailstones()) ; Add an element to the list Hailstones()=n ; Fill current value in the new list element If n=1 ProcedureReturn ListSize(Hailstones()) ElseIf n%2=0 n/2 Else n=(3*n)+1 EndIf ForEver EndProcedure If OpenConsole() Define i, l, maxl, maxi l=FillHailstones(27) Print("#27 has "+Str(l)+" elements and the sequence is: "+#CRLF$)
ForEach Hailstones()
If i=6
Print(#CRLF$) i=0 EndIf i+1 Print(RSet(Str(Hailstones()),5)) If Hailstones()<>1 Print(", ") EndIf Next i=1 Repeat l=FillHailstones(i) If l>maxl maxl=l maxi=i EndIf i+1 Until i>=100000 Print(#CRLF$+#CRLF$+"The longest sequence below 100000 is #"+Str(maxi)+", and it has "+Str(maxl)+" elements.") Print(#CRLF$+#CRLF$+"Press ENTER to exit."): Input() CloseConsole() EndIf  {{out}}  #27 has 112 elements and the sequence is: 27, 82, 41, 124, 62, 31, 94, 47, 142, 71, 214, 107, 322, 161, 484, 242, 121, 364, 182, 91, 274, 137, 412, 206, 103, 310, 155, 466, 233, 700, 350, 175, 526, 263, 790, 395, 1186, 593, 1780, 890, 445, 1336, 668, 334, 167, 502, 251, 754, 377, 1132, 566, 283, 850, 425, 1276, 638, 319, 958, 479, 1438, 719, 2158, 1079, 3238, 1619, 4858, 2429, 7288, 3644, 1822, 911, 2734, 1367, 4102, 2051, 6154, 3077, 9232, 4616, 2308, 1154, 577, 1732, 866, 433, 1300, 650, 325, 976, 488, 244, 122, 61, 184, 92, 46, 23, 70, 35, 106, 53, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 The longest sequence found up to 100000 is #77031 which has 351 elements. Press ENTER to exit.  = ## Run BASIC = print "Part 1: Create a routine to generate the hailstone sequence for a number." print "" while hailstone < 1 or hailstone <> int(hailstone) input "Please enter a positive integer: "; hailstone wend count = doHailstone(hailstone,"Y") print: print "Part 2: Use the routine to show that the hailstone sequence for the number 27 has 112 elements starting with 27, 82, 41, 124 and ending with 8, 4, 2, 1." count = doHailstone(27,"Y") print: print "Part 3: Show the number less than 100,000 which has the longest hailstone sequence together with that sequence's length.(But don't show the actual sequence)!" print "Calculating result... Please wait... This could take a little while..." print "Stone Percent Count" for i = 1 to 99999 count = doHailstone(i,"N") if count > maxCount then theBigStone = i maxCount = count print using("#####",i);" ";using("###.#", i / 99999 * 100);"% ";using("####",count) end if next i end '--------------------------------------------- ' pass number and print (Y/N) FUNCTION doHailstone(hailstone,prnt$)
if prnt$= "Y" then print print "The following is the 'Hailstone Sequence' for number:";hailstone end if while hailstone <> 1 if (hailstone and 1) then hailstone = (hailstone * 3) + 1 else hailstone = hailstone / 2 doHailstone = doHailstone + 1 if prnt$ = "Y" then
print hailstone;chr$(9); if (doHailstone mod 10) = 0 then print end if wend END FUNCTION  ## Batch File ''1. Create a routine to generate the hailstone sequence for a number. '' ''2. Show that the hailstone sequence for the number 27 has 112 elements... '' @echo off setlocal enabledelayedexpansion echo. ::Task #1 call :hailstone 111 echo Task #1: (Start:!sav!) echo !seq! echo. echo Sequence has !cnt! elements. echo. ::Task #2 call :hailstone 27 echo Task #2: (Start:!sav!) echo !seq! echo. echo Sequence has !cnt! elements. echo. pause>nul exit /b 0 ::The Function :hailstone set num=%1 set seq=%1 set sav=%1 set cnt=0 :loop set /a cnt+=1 if !num! equ 1 goto :eof set /a isodd=%num%%%2 if !isodd! equ 0 goto divideby2 set /a num=(3*%num%)+1 set seq=!seq! %num% goto loop :divideby2 set /a num/=2 set seq=!seq! %num% goto loop  {{Out}} Task #1: (Start:111) 111 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 Sequence has 70 elements. Task #2: (Start:27) 27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 Sequence has 112 elements.  The script above could only be used in '''smaller''' inputs. Thus, for the third task, a slightly different script will be used. However, this script is still '''slow'''. I tried this on a fast computer and it took about 40-45 minutes to complete. @echo off setlocal enableDelayedExpansion if "%~1"=="test" ( for /l %%. in () do ( set /a "test1=num %% 2, cnt=cnt+1" if !test1! equ 0 (set /a num/=2 & if !num! equ 1 exit !cnt!) else (set /a num=3*num+1) ) ) set max=0 set record=0 for /l %%X in (2,1,100000) do ( set num=%%X & cmd /c "%~f0" test if !errorlevel! gtr !max! (set /a "max=!errorlevel!,record=%%X") ) set /a max+=1 echo.Number less than 100000 with longest sequence: %record% echo.With length %max%. pause>nul exit /b 0  {{Out}} Number less than 100000 with longest sequence: 77031 With length 351.  ## beeswax This approach reuses the main hailstone sequence function for all three tasks. '''The pure hailstone sequence function''', returning the sequence for any number entered in the console: @:N q >%"d3~@.PNp d~2~pL~1F{<T_  '''Returning the sequence for the starting value 27''' @:N q >%"d3~@.PNq d~2~qL~1Ff{<BF3_ {NNgA<  Output of the sequence, followed by the length of the sequence: 27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 ... 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 ... 16 8 4 2 1 112  '''Number below 100,000 with the longest hailstone sequence, and the length of that sequence:''' beeswax> @: q pf1_# >%"d3~@.Pqf#{g? {gpK@~BP9~5@P@q'M< d~2~pL~1Ff< < >?d >zAg?MM@1~y@~gLpz2~yg@~3~hAg?M d >?~fz1~y?yg@hhAg?Mb  Output: 77031 351  ## Befunge befunge 93*:. v > :2%v > v+1*3_2/ >" ",:.v v< <v v-1:< < +1\_$1+v^ \
v .,+94<>^>::v
>" "03pv  :* p
v67:" "<  0: 1
>p78p25  *^*p0
v!-1:  <<*^<
9$_:0\ ^-^< v v01g00:< 1 4 >g"@"*+v^ <+ v01/"@":_$ ^,
>p"@"%00p\$:^. vg01g00 ,+49< >"@"*+.@  {{out}}  27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 112 77031 351  ## Bracmat ( ( hailstone = L len . !arg:?L & whl ' ( !arg:~1 & (!arg*1/2:~/|3*!arg+1):?arg & !arg !L:?L ) & (!L:? [?len&!len.!L) ) & ( reverse = L e . :?L & whl'(!arg:%?e ?arg&!e !L:?L) & !L ) & hailstone$27:(?len.?list)
& reverse$!list:?first4 [4 ? [-5 ?last4 & put$"Hailstone sequence starting with "
& put$!first4 & put$(str$(" has " !len " elements and ends with ")) & put$(!last4 \n)
& 1:?N
& 0:?max:?Nmax
&   whl
' ( !N+1:<100000:?N
&   hailstone$!N : ( >!max:?max&!N:?Nmax | ? . ? ) ) & out$ ( str
$( "The number <100000 with the longest hailstone sequence is " !Nmax " with " !max " elements." ) ) );  =={{header|Brainfuck}}== {{incomplete}} Prints the number of terms required to map the input to 1. Does not count the first term of the sequence. >,[ [ ----------[ >>>[>>>>]+[[-]+<[->>>>++>>>>+[>>>>]++[->+<<<<<]]<<<] ++++++[>------<-]>--[>>[->>>>]+>+[<<<<]>-],< ]> ]>>>++>+>>[ <<[>>>>[-]+++++++++<[>-<-]+++++++++>[-[<->-]+[<<<<]]<[>+<-]>] >[>[>>>>]+[[-]<[+[->>>>]>+<]>[<+>[<<<<]]+<<<<]>>>[->>>>]+>+[<<<<]] >[[>+>>[<<<<+>>>>-]>]<<<<[-]>[-<<<<]]>>>>>>> ]>>+[[-]++++++>>>>]<<<<[[<++++++++>-]<.[-]<[-]<[-]<]<, ]  <lang Brainfuck>27 111  ## Brat hailstone = { num | sequence = [num] while { num != 1 } { true? num % 2 == 0 { num = num / 2 } { num = num * 3 + 1 } sequence << num } sequence } #Check sequence for 27 seq = hailstone 27 true? (seq[0,3] == [27 82 41 124] && seq[-1, -4] == [8 4 2 1]) { p "Sequence for 27 is correct" } { p "Sequence for 27 is not correct!" } #Find longest sequence for numbers < 100,000 longest = [number: 0 length: 0] 1.to 99999 { index | seq = hailstone index true? seq.length > longest[:length] { longest[:length] = seq.length longest[:number] = index p "Longest so far: #{index} @ #{longest[:length]} elements" } index = index + 1 } p "Longest was starting from #{longest[:number]} and was of length #{longest[:length]}"  {{out}} Sequence for 27 is correct Longest so far: 1 @ 1 elements Longest so far: 2 @ 2 elements Longest so far: 3 @ 8 elements ... Longest so far: 52527 @ 340 elements Longest so far: 77031 @ 351 elements Longest was starting from 77031 and was of length 351  ## Burlesque  blsq ) 27{^^^^2.%{3.*1.+}\/{2./}\/ie}{1!=}w!bx{\/+]}{\/isn!}w!L[ 112  ## C #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int hailstone(int n, int *arry) { int hs = 1; while (n!=1) { hs++; if (arry) *arry++ = n; n = (n&1) ? (3*n+1) : (n/2); } if (arry) *arry++ = n; return hs; } int main() { int j, hmax = 0; int jatmax, n; int *arry; for (j=1; j<100000; j++) { n = hailstone(j, NULL); if (hmax < n) { hmax = n; jatmax = j; } } n = hailstone(27, NULL); arry = malloc(n*sizeof(int)); n = hailstone(27, arry); printf("[ %d, %d, %d, %d, ...., %d, %d, %d, %d] len=%d\n", arry[0],arry[1],arry[2],arry[3], arry[n-4], arry[n-3], arry[n-2], arry[n-1], n); printf("Max %d at j= %d\n", hmax, jatmax); free(arry); return 0; }  {{out}} [ 27, 82, 41, 124, ...., 8, 4, 2, 1] len= 112 Max 351 at j= 77031  ### With caching Much faster if you want to go over a million or so. #include <stdio.h> #define N 10000000 #define CS N /* cache size */ typedef unsigned long ulong; ulong cache[CS] = {0}; ulong hailstone(ulong n) { int x; if (n == 1) return 1; if (n < CS && cache[n]) return cache[n]; x = 1 + hailstone((n & 1) ? 3 * n + 1 : n / 2); if (n < CS) cache[n] = x; return x; } int main() { int i, l, max = 0, mi; for (i = 1; i < N; i++) { if ((l = hailstone(i)) > max) { max = l; mi = i; } } printf("max below %d: %d, length %d\n", N, mi, max); return 0; }  ## C# using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace Hailstone { class Program { public static List<int> hs(int n,List<int> seq) { List<int> sequence = seq; sequence.Add(n); if (n == 1) { return sequence; }else{ int newn = (n % 2 == 0) ? n / 2 : (3 * n) + 1; return hs(newn, sequence); } } static void Main(string[] args) { int n = 27; List<int> sequence = hs(n,new List<int>()); Console.WriteLine(sequence.Count + " Elements"); List<int> start = sequence.GetRange(0, 4); List<int> end = sequence.GetRange(sequence.Count - 4, 4); Console.WriteLine("Starting with : " + string.Join(",", start) + " and ending with : " + string.Join(",", end)); int number = 0, longest = 0; for (int i = 1; i < 100000; i++) { int count = (hs(i, new List<int>())).Count; if (count > longest) { longest = count; number = i; } } Console.WriteLine("Number < 100000 with longest Hailstone seq.: " + number + " with length of " + longest); } } }   112 Elements Starting with : 27,82,41,124 and ending with : 8,4,2,1 Number < 100000 with longest Hailstone seq.: 77031 with length of 351  ### With caching As with the [[#C|C example]], much faster if you want to go over a million or so. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { public static void Main() { int longestChain = 0, longestNumber = 0; var recursiveLengths = new Dictionary<int, int>(); const int maxNumber = 100000; for (var i = 1; i <= maxNumber; i++) { var chainLength = Hailstone(i, recursiveLengths); if (longestChain >= chainLength) continue; longestChain = chainLength; longestNumber = i; } Console.WriteLine("max below {0}: {1} ({2} steps)", maxNumber, longestNumber, longestChain); } private static int Hailstone(int num, Dictionary<int, int> lengths) { if (num == 1) return 1; while (true) { if (lengths.ContainsKey(num)) return lengths[num]; lengths[num] = 1 + ((num%2 == 0) ? Hailstone(num/2, lengths) : Hailstone((3*num) + 1, lengths)); } } } }   max below 100000: 77031 (351 steps)  ## C++ #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <utility> std::vector<int> hailstone(int i) { std::vector<int> v; while(true){ v.push_back(i); if (1 == i) break; i = (i % 2) ? (3 * i + 1) : (i / 2); } return v; } std::pair<int,int> find_longest_hailstone_seq(int n) { std::pair<int, int> maxseq(0, 0); int l; for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i){ l = hailstone(i).size(); if (l > maxseq.second) maxseq = std::make_pair(i, l); } return maxseq; } int main () { // Use the routine to show that the hailstone sequence for the number 27 std::vector<int> h27; h27 = hailstone(27); // has 112 elements int l = h27.size(); std::cout << "length of hailstone(27) is " << l; // starting with 27, 82, 41, 124 and std::cout << " first four elements of hailstone(27) are "; std::cout << h27[0] << " " << h27[1] << " " << h27[2] << " " << h27[3] << std::endl; // ending with 8, 4, 2, 1 std::cout << " last four elements of hailstone(27) are " << h27[l-4] << " " << h27[l-3] << " " << h27[l-2] << " " << h27[l-1] << std::endl; std::pair<int,int> m = find_longest_hailstone_seq(100000); std::cout << "the longest hailstone sequence under 100,000 is " << m.first << " with " << m.second << " elements." <<std::endl; return 0; }  {{out}}  length of hailstone(27) is 112 first four elements of hailstone(27) are 27 82 41 124 last four elements of hailstone(27) are 8 4 2 1 the longest hailstone sequence under 100,000 is 77031 with 351 elements.  === {{libheader|Qt}} === {{uses from|library|Qt}} Templated solution works for all of Qt's sequential container classes (QLinkedList, QList, QVector).  #include <QDebug> #include <QVector> template <class T> T hailstone(typename T::value_type n) { T seq; for (seq << n; n != 1; seq << n) { n = (n&1) ? (3*n)+1 : n/2; } return seq; } template <class T> T longest_hailstone_seq(typename T::value_type n) { T maxSeq; for (; n > 0; --n) { const auto seq = hailstone<T>(n); if (seq.size() > maxSeq.size()) { maxSeq = seq; } } return maxSeq; } int main(int, char *[]) { const auto seq = hailstone<QVector<uint_fast16_t>>(27); qInfo() << "hailstone(27):"; qInfo() << " length:" << seq.size() << "elements"; qInfo() << " first 4 elements:" << seq.mid(0,4); qInfo() << " last 4 elements:" << seq.mid(seq.size()-4); const auto max = longest_hailstone_seq<QVector<uint_fast32_t>>(100000); qInfo() << "longest sequence with starting element under 100000:"; qInfo() << " length:" << max.size() << "elements"; qInfo() << " starting element:" << max.first(); }  {{out}}  hailstone(27): length: 112 elements first 4 elements: QVector(27, 82, 41, 124) last 4 elements: QVector(8, 4, 2, 1) longest sequence with starting element under 100000: length: 351 elements starting element: 77031  ## Ceylon shared void run() { {Integer*} hailstone(variable Integer n) { variable [Integer*] stones = [n]; while(n != 1) { n = if(n.even) then n / 2 else 3 * n + 1; stones = stones.append([n]); } return stones; } value hs27 = hailstone(27); print("hailstone sequence for 27 is hs27.take(3)...hs27.skip(hs27.size - 3).take(3) with length hs27.size"); variable value longest = hailstone(1); for(i in 2..100k - 1) { value current = hailstone(i); if(current.size > longest.size) { longest = current; } } print("the longest sequence under 100,000 starts with longest.first else "what?" and has length longest.size"); }  ## CLIPS (deftemplate longest (slot bound) ; upper bound for the range of values to check (slot next (default 2)) ; next value that needs to be checked (slot start (default 1)) ; starting value of longest sequence (slot len (default 1)) ; length of longest sequence ) (deffacts startup (query 27) (longest (bound 100000)) ) (deffunction hailstone-next (?n) (if (evenp ?n) then (div ?n 2) else (+ (* 3 ?n) 1) ) ) (defrule extend-sequence ?hail <- (hailstone$?sequence ?tail&:(> ?tail 1))
=>
(retract ?hail)
(assert (hailstone ?sequence ?tail (hailstone-next ?tail)))
)

(defrule start-query
(query ?num)
=>
(assert (hailstone ?num))
)

(defrule result-query
(query ?num)
(hailstone ?num $?sequence 1) => (bind ?sequence (create$ ?num ?sequence 1))
(printout t "Hailstone sequence starting with " ?num ":" crlf)
(bind ?len (length ?sequence))
(printout t "  Length: " ?len crlf)
(printout t "  First four: " (implode$(subseq$ ?sequence 1 4)) crlf)
(printout t "  Last four: " (implode$(subseq$ ?sequence (- ?len 3) ?len)) crlf)
(printout t crlf)
)

(defrule longest-create-next-hailstone
(longest (bound ?bound) (next ?next))
(test (<= ?next ?bound))
(not (hailstone ?next $?)) => (assert (hailstone ?next)) ) (defrule longest-check-next-hailstone ?longest <- (longest (bound ?bound) (next ?next) (start ?start) (len ?len)) (test (<= ?next ?bound)) ?hailstone <- (hailstone ?next$?sequence 1)
=>
(retract ?hailstone)
(bind ?thislen (+ 2 (length ?sequence)))
(if (> ?thislen ?len) then
(modify ?longest (start ?next) (len ?thislen) (next (+ ?next 1)))
else
(modify ?longest (next (+ ?next 1)))
)
)

(defrule longest-finished
(longest (bound ?bound) (next ?next) (start ?start) (len ?len))
(test (> ?next ?bound))
=>
(printout t "The number less than " ?bound " that has the largest hailstone" crlf)
(printout t "sequence is " ?start " with a length of " ?len "." crlf)
(printout t crlf)
)


{{out}}

The number less than 100000 that has the largest hailstone
sequence is 77031 with a length of 351.

Hailstone sequence starting with 27:
Length: 112
First four: 27 82 41 124
Last four: 8 4 2 1


## Clojure

(defn hailstone-seq [n]
{:pre [(pos? n)]}
(lazy-seq
(cond (= n 1)   '(1)
(even? n) (cons n (hailstone-seq (/ n 2)))
:else     (cons n (hailstone-seq (+ (* n 3) 1))))))

(let [hseq (hailstone-seq 27)]
(->  hseq count      (= 112)            assert)
(->> hseq (take 4)   (= [27 82 41 124]) assert)
(->> hseq (drop 108) (= [8 4 2 1])      assert))

(let [{max-i :num, max-len :len}
(reduce #(max-key :len %1 %2)
(for [i (range 1 100000)]
{:num i, :len (count (hailstone-seq i))}))]
(println "Maximum length" max-len "was found for hailstone(" max-i ")."))


## COBOL

Testing with GnuCOBOL

       identification division.
program-id. hailstones.
remarks. cobc -x hailstones.cob.

data division.
working-storage section.
01 most                 constant as 1000000.
01 coverage             constant as 100000.
01 stones               usage binary-long.
01 n                    usage binary-long.
01 storm                usage binary-long.

01 show-arg             pic 9(6).
01 show-default         pic 99 value 27.
01 show-sequence        usage binary-long.
01 longest              usage binary-long occurs 2 times.

01 filler.
05 hail              usage binary-long
occurs 0 to most depending on stones.
01 show                 pic z(10).
01 low-range            usage binary-long.
01 high-range           usage binary-long.
01 range                usage binary-long.

01 remain               usage binary-long.
01 unused               usage binary-long.

procedure division.
accept show-arg from command-line
if show-arg less than 1 or greater than coverage then
move show-default to show-arg
end-if
move show-arg to show-sequence

move 1 to longest(1)
perform hailstone varying storm
from 1 by 1 until storm > coverage
display "Longest at: " longest(2) " with " longest(1) " elements"
goback.

*> **************************************************************
hailstone.
move 0 to stones
move storm to n
perform until n equal 1
if stones > most then
display "too many hailstones" upon syserr
stop run
end-if

move n to hail(stones)
divide n by 2 giving unused remainder remain
if remain equal 0 then
divide 2 into n
else
compute n = 3 * n + 1
end-if
end-perform
move n to hail(stones)

if stones > longest(1) then
move stones to longest(1)
move storm to longest(2)
end-if

if storm equal show-sequence then
display show-sequence ": " with no advancing
perform varying range from 1 by 1 until range > stones
move 5 to low-range
compute high-range = stones - 4
if range < low-range or range > high-range then
move hail(range) to show
display function trim(show) with no advancing
if range < stones then
display ", " with no advancing
end-if
end-if
if range = low-range and stones > 8 then
display "..., " with no advancing
end-if
end-perform
display ": " stones " elements"
end-if
.

end program hailstones.


{{out}}


prompt$cobc -x hailstones.cob prompt$ ./hailstones
+0000000027: 27, 82, 41, 124, ..., 8, 4, 2, 1: +0000000112 elements
Longest at: +0000077031 with +0000000351 elements
prompt$./hailstones 42 +0000000042: 42, 21, 64, 32, ..., 8, 4, 2, 1: +0000000009 elements Longest at: +0000077031 with +0000000351 elements  ## CoffeeScript Recursive version: hailstone = (n) -> if n is 1 [n] else if n % 2 is 0 [n].concat hailstone n/2 else [n].concat hailstone (3*n) + 1 h27 = hailstone 27 console.log "hailstone(27) = #{h27[0..3]} ... #{h27[-4..]} (length: #{h27.length})" maxlength = 0 maxnums = [] for i in [1..100000] seq = hailstone i if seq.length is maxlength maxnums.push i else if seq.length > maxlength maxlength = seq.length maxnums = [i] console.log "Max length: #{maxlength}; numbers generating sequences of this length: #{maxnums}"  hailstone(27) = 27,82,41,124 ... 8,4,2,1 (length: 112) Max length: 351; numbers generating sequences of this length: 77031  ## Common Lisp (defun hailstone (n) (cond ((= n 1) '(1)) ((evenp n) (cons n (hailstone (/ n 2)))) (t (cons n (hailstone (+ (* 3 n) 1)))))) (defun longest (n) (let ((k 0) (l 0)) (loop for i from 1 below n do (let ((len (length (hailstone i)))) (when (> len l) (setq l len k i))) finally (format t "Longest hailstone sequence under ~A for ~A, having length ~A." n k l))))  Sample session: ROSETTA> (length (hailstone 27)) 112 ROSETTA> (subseq (hailstone 27) 0 4) (27 82 41 124) ROSETTA> (last (hailstone 27) 4) (8 4 2 1) ROSETTA> (longest-hailstone 100000) Longest hailstone sequence under 100000 for 77031, having length 351. NIL  ## Crystal  def hailstone(n) seq = [n] until n == 1 n = n.even? ? n / 2 : n * 3 + 1 seq << n end seq end max_len = (1...100_000).max_by{|n| hailstone(n).size } max = hailstone(max_len) puts ([max_len, max.size, max.max, max.first(4), max.last(4)]) # => [77031, 351, 21933016, [77031, 231094, 115547, 346642], [8, 4, 2, 1]] twenty_seven = hailstone(27) puts ([twenty_seven.size, twenty_seven.first(4), max.last(4)]) # => [112, [27, 82, 41, 124], [8, 4, 2, 1]]  ## D ### Basic Version import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.range, std.typecons; auto hailstone(uint n) pure nothrow { auto result = [n]; while (n != 1) { n = (n & 1) ? (n * 3 + 1) : (n / 2); result ~= n; } return result; } void main() { enum M = 27; immutable h = M.hailstone; writeln("hailstone(", M, ")= ", h[0 .. 4], " ... " , h[$ - 4 .. $]); writeln("Length hailstone(", M, ")= ", h.length); enum N = 100_000; immutable p = iota(1, N) .map!(i => tuple(i.hailstone.length, i)) .reduce!max; writeln("Longest sequence in [1,", N, "]= ",p[1]," with len ",p[0]); }  {{out}} hailstone(27)= [27, 82, 41, 124] ... [8, 4, 2, 1] Length hailstone(27)= 112 Longest sequence in [1,100000]= 77031 with len 351  ### Lazy Version Same output. import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.typecons, std.range; auto hailstone(uint m) pure nothrow @nogc { return m .recurrence!q{ a[n - 1] & 1 ? a[n - 1] * 3 + 1 : a[n - 1]/2} .until!q{ a == 1 }(OpenRight.no); } void main() { enum M = 27; immutable h = M.hailstone.array; writeln("hailstone(", M, ")= ", h[0 .. 4], " ... " , h[$ - 4 .. $]); writeln("Length hailstone(", M, ")= ", h.length); enum N = 100_000; immutable p = iota(1, N) .map!(i => tuple(i.hailstone.walkLength, i)) .reduce!max; writeln("Longest sequence in [1,", N, "]= ",p[1]," with len ",p[0]); }  ### Faster Lazy Version Same output. struct Hailstone { uint n; bool empty() const pure nothrow @nogc { return n == 0; } uint front() const pure nothrow @nogc { return n; } void popFront() pure nothrow @nogc { n = n == 1 ? 0 : (n & 1 ? (n * 3 + 1) : n / 2); } } void main() { import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.range, std.typecons; enum M = 27; immutable h = M.Hailstone.array; writeln("hailstone(", M, ")= ", h[0 .. 4], " ... " , h[$ - 4 .. $]); writeln("Length hailstone(", M, ")= ", h.length); enum N = 100_000; immutable p = iota(1, N) .map!(i => tuple(i.Hailstone.walkLength, i)) .reduce!max; writeln("Longest sequence in [1,", N, "]= ",p[1]," with len ",p[0]); }  ### Lazy Version With Caching Faster, same output. import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.range, std.typecons; struct Hailstone(size_t cacheSize = 500_000) { size_t n; __gshared static size_t[cacheSize] cache; bool empty() const pure nothrow @nogc { return n == 0; } size_t front() const pure nothrow @nogc { return n; } void popFront() nothrow { if (n >= cacheSize) { n = n == 1 ? 0 : (n & 1 ? n*3 + 1 : n/2); } else if (cache[n]) { n = cache[n]; } else { immutable n2 = n == 1 ? 0 : (n & 1 ? n*3 + 1 : n/2); n = cache[n] = n2; } } } void main() { enum M = 27; const h = M.Hailstone!().array; writeln("hailstone(", M, ")= ", h[0 .. 4], " ... " , h[$ - 4 .. $]); writeln("Length hailstone(", M, ")= ", h.length); enum N = 100_000; immutable p = iota(1, N) .map!(i => tuple(i.Hailstone!().walkLength, i)) .reduce!max; writeln("Longest sequence in [1,", N, "]= ",p[1]," with len ",p[0]); }  ### Generator Range Version import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.range, std.typecons, std.concurrency; auto hailstone(size_t n) { return new Generator!size_t({ yield(n); while (n > 1) { n = (n & 1) ? (3 * n + 1) : (n / 2); yield(n); } }); } void main() { enum M = 27; const h = M.hailstone.array; writeln("hailstone(", M, ")= ", h[0 .. 4], " ... " , h[$ - 4 .. $]); writeln("Length hailstone(", M, ")= ", h.length); enum N = 100_000; immutable p = iota(1, N) .map!(i => tuple(i.hailstone.walkLength, i)) .reduce!max; writeln("Longest sequence in [1,", N, "]= ",p[1]," with len ",p[0]); }  ## Dart  hailstone(int n) { if(n<=0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("start value must be >=1)"); } Queue<int> seq=new Queue<int>(); seq.add(n); while(n!=1) { n=n%2==0?(n/2).toInt():3*n+1; seq.add(n); } return new List<int>.from(seq); } // apparently List is missing toString() String iterableToString(Iterable seq) { String str="["; Iterator i=seq.iterator(); while(i.hasNext()) { str+=i.next(); if(i.hasNext()) { str+=","; } } return str+"]"; } main() { for(int i=1;i<=10;i++) { print("h($i)="+iterableToString(hailstone(i)));
}
List<int> h27=hailstone(27);
List<int> first4=h27.getRange(0,4);
print("first 4 elements of h(27): "+iterableToString(first4));
Expect.listEquals([27,82,41,124],first4);

List<int> last4=h27.getRange(h27.length-4,4);
print("last 4 elements of h(27): "+iterableToString(last4));
Expect.listEquals([8,4,2,1],last4);

print("length of sequence h(27): "+h27.length);
Expect.equals(112,h27.length);

int seq,max=0;
for(int i=1;i<=100000;i++) {
List<int> h=hailstone(i);
if(h.length>max) {
max=h.length;
seq=i;
}
}
print("up to 100000 the sequence h($seq) has the largest length ($max)");
}


{{out}}

h(1)=[1]
h(2)=[2,1]
h(3)=[3,10,5,16,8,4,2,1]
h(4)=[4,2,1]
h(5)=[5,16,8,4,2,1]
h(6)=[6,3,10,5,16,8,4,2,1]
h(7)=[7,22,11,34,17,52,26,13,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1]
h(8)=[8,4,2,1]
h(9)=[9,28,14,7,22,11,34,17,52,26,13,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1]
h(10)=[10,5,16,8,4,2,1]
first 4 elements of h(27): [27,82,41,124]
last 4 elements of h(27): [8,4,2,1]
length of sequence h(27): 112
up to 100000 the sequence h(77031) has the largest length (351)


## Dc

Firstly, this code takes the value from the stack, computes and prints the corresponding Hailstone sequence, and the length of the sequence. The q procedure is for counting the length of the sequence. The e and o procedure is for even and odd number respectively. The x procedure is for overall control.

27
[[--: ]nzpq]sq
[d 2/ p]se
[d 3*1+ p]so
[d2% 0=e d1=q d2% 1=o d1=q lxx]dsxx


{{out}}


82
41
124
62
(omitted)
8
4
2
1
--: 112



Then we could wrap the procedure x with a new procedure s, and call it with l which is loops the value of t from 1 to 100000, and cleaning up the stack after each time we finish up with a number. Register L for the length of the longest sequence and T for the corresponding number. Also, procedure q is slightly modified for storing L and T if needed, and all printouts in procedure e and o are muted.

0dsLsT1st
[dsLltsT]sM
[[zdlL<M q]sq
[d 2/]se
[d 3*1+ ]so
[d2% 0=e d1=q d2% 1=o d1=q lxx]dsxx]ss
[lt1+dstlsxc lt100000>l]dslx
lTn[:]nlLp



{{out}} (Takes quite some time on a decent machine)

77031:351


## DCL

$n = f$integer( p1 )
$i = 1$ loop:
$if p2 .nes. "QUIET" then$ s'i = n
$if n .eq. 1 then$ goto done
$i = i + 1$  if .not. n
$then$   n = n / 2
$else$   if n .gt. 715827882 then $exit ! avoid overflowing$   n = 3 * n + 1
$endif$  goto loop
$done:$ if p2 .nes. "QUIET"
$then$  penultimate_i = i - 1
$antepenultimate_i = i - 2$  preantepenultimate_i = i - 3
$write sys$output "sequence has ", i, " elements starting with ", s1, ", ", s2, ", ", s3, ", ", s4, " and ending with ", s'preantepenultimate_i, ", ", s'antepenultimate_i, ", ", s'penultimate_i, ", ", s'i
$endif$ sequence_length == i


{{out}}

$@hailstone 27 sequence has 112 elements starting with 27, 82, 41, 124 and ending with 8, 4, 2, 1  $ limit = f$integer( p1 )$ i = 1
$max_so_far = 0$ loop:
$call hailstone 'i quiet$  if sequence_length .gt. max_so_far
$then$   max_so_far = sequence_length
$current_record_holder = i$  endif
$i = i + 1$  if i .lt. limit then $goto loop$ write sys$output current_record_holder, " is the number less than ", limit, " which has the longest hailstone sequence which is ", max_so_far, " in length"$ exit
 hailstone: subroutine
$n = f$integer( p1 )
$i = 1$ loop:
$if p2 .nes. "QUIET" then$ s'i = n
$if n .eq. 1 then$ goto done
$i = i + 1$  if .not. n
$then$   n = n / 2
$else$   if n .gt. 715827882 then $exit ! avoid overflowing$   n = 3 * n + 1
$endif$  goto loop
$done:$ if p2 .nes. "QUIET"
$then$  penultimate_i = i - 1
$antepenultimate_i = i - 2$  preantepenultimate_i = i - 3
$write sys$output "sequence has ", i, " elements starting with ", s1, ", ", s2, ", ", s3, ", ", s4, " and ending with ", s'preantepenultimate_i, ", ", s'antepenultimate_i, ", ", s'penultimate_i, ", ", s'i
$endif$ sequence_length == I
$exit$ endsubroutine


{{out}}

$@longest_hailstone 100000 77031 is the number less than 100000 which has the longest hailstone sequence which is 351 in length  =={{header|Déjà Vu}}== local hailstone: swap [ over ] while < 1 dup: if % over 2: #odd ++ * 3 else: #even / swap 2 swap push-through rot dup drop if = (name) :(main): local :h27 hailstone 27 !. = 112 len h27 !. = 27 h27! 0 !. = 82 h27! 1 !. = 41 h27! 2 !. = 124 h27! 3 !. = 8 h27! 108 !. = 4 h27! 109 !. = 2 h27! 110 !. = 1 h27! 111 local :max 0 local :maxlen 0 for i range 1 99999: dup len hailstone i if < maxlen: set :maxlen set :max i else: drop !print( "number: " to-str max ", length: " to-str maxlen ) else: @hailstone  {{out}} true true true true true true true true true number: 77031, length: 351  ## Delphi program ShowHailstoneSequence; {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses SysUtils, Generics.Collections;

procedure GetHailstoneSequence(aStartingNumber: Integer; aHailstoneList: TList<Integer>);
var
n: Integer;
begin
aHailstoneList.Clear;
n := aStartingNumber;

while n <> 1 do
begin
if Odd(n) then
n := (3 * n) + 1
else
n := n div 2;
end;
end;

var
i: Integer;
lList: TList<Integer>;
lMaxSequence: Integer;
lMaxLength: Integer;
begin
lList := TList<Integer>.Create;
try
GetHailstoneSequence(27, lList);
Writeln(Format('27: %d elements', [lList.Count]));
Writeln(Format('[%d,%d,%d,%d ... %d,%d,%d,%d]',
[lList[0], lList[1], lList[2], lList[3],
lList[lList.Count - 4], lList[lList.Count - 3], lList[lList.Count - 2], lList[lList.Count - 1]]));
Writeln;

lMaxSequence := 0;
lMaxLength := 0;
for i := 1 to 100000 do
begin
GetHailstoneSequence(i, lList);
if lList.Count > lMaxLength then
begin
lMaxSequence := i;
lMaxLength := lList.Count;
end;
end;
Writeln(Format('Longest sequence under 100,000: %d with %d elements', [lMaxSequence, lMaxLength]));
finally
lList.Free;
end;

end.


{{out}}

27: 112 elements
[27 82 41 124 ... 8 4 2 1]

Longest sequence under 100,000: 77031 with 351 elements


## EchoLisp


(lib 'hash)
(lib 'sequences)
(lib 'compile)

(define (hailstone n)
(when (> n 1)
(if (even? n) (/ n 2) (1+ (* n 3)))))

(define H (make-hash))

;; (iterator/f seed f) returns seed, (f seed) (f(f seed)) ...

(define (hlength seed)
(define collatz (iterator/f hailstone seed))
(or
(hash-ref H seed) ;; known ?
(hash-set H seed
(for ((i (in-naturals)) (h collatz))
#:break (hash-ref H h) => (+ i (hash-ref H h))
(1+ i)))))

(for ((n [1 .. nmax])) (hlength n)) ;; fill hash table

(define hmaxlength (apply max (hash-values H)))
(define hmaxseed (hash-get-key H hmaxlength))
(writeln 'maxlength= hmaxlength 'for hmaxseed))



{{out}}


(define H27 (iterator/f hailstone 27))
(take H27 6)
→ (27 82 41 124 62 31)
(length H27)
→ 112
(list-tail (take H27 112) -6)
→ (5 16 8 4 2 1)

maxlength=     351     for     77031

;; more ...
(lib 'bigint)

maxlength=     383     for     156159
maxlength=     443     for     230631
maxlength=     443     for     230631
maxlength=     449     for     410011
maxlength=     470     for     511935
maxlength=     509     for     626331
maxlength=     509     for     626331
maxlength=     525     for     837799
maxlength=     525     for     837799



## Egel


import "prelude.eg"

namespace Hailstone (

using System
using List

def even = [ N -> (N%2) == 0 ]

def hailstone =
[ 1 -> {1}
| N -> if even N then cons N (hailstone (N/2))
else cons N (hailstone (N * 3 + 1)) ]

def hailpair =
[ N -> (N, length (hailstone N)) ]

def hailmax =
[ (N, NMAX), (M, MMAX) -> if (NMAX < MMAX) then (M, MMAX) else (N, NMAX) ]

def largest =
[ 1 -> (1, 1)
| N ->
let M0 = hailpair N in
let M1 = largest (N - 1) in
hailmax M0 M1 ]
)

using System
using List
using Hailstone

def task0 = let H27 = hailstone 27 in length H27

let H27 = hailstone 27 in
let L   = length H27 in
(take 4 H27, drop (L - 4) H27)



## Eiffel


class
APPLICATION

create
make

feature

make
local
count, number, te: INTEGER
do
create test.make
test := hailstone_sequence (27)
io.put_string ("There are " + test.count.out + " elements in the sequence for the number 27.")
io.put_string ("%NThe first 4 elements are: ")
across
1 |..| 4 as t
loop
io.put_string (test [t.item].out + "%T")
end
io.put_string ("%NThe last 4 elements are: ")
across
(test.count - 3) |..| test.count as t
loop
io.put_string (test [t.item].out + "%T")
end
across
1 |..| 99999 as c
loop
test := hailstone_sequence (c.item)
te := test.count
if te > count then
count := te
number := c.item
end
end
io.put_string ("%NThe longest sequence for numbers below 100000 is " + count.out + " for the number " + number.out + ".")
end

-- Members of the Hailstone Sequence starting from 'n'.
require
n_is_positive: n > 0
local
seq: INTEGER
do
create Result.make
from
seq := n
until
seq = 1
loop
Result.extend (seq)
if seq \\ 2 = 0 then
seq := seq // 2
else
seq := ((3 * seq) + 1)
end
end
Result.extend (seq)
ensure
sequence_terminated: Result.last = 1
end

end



{{out}}


There are 112 elements in the sequence for the number 27.
The first 4 elements are: 27    82    41    124
The last 4 elements are: 8    4    2    1
The longest sequence for numbers below 100000 is 351 for the number 77031.



## Elena

ELENA 4.x :

import system'collections;
import extensions;

const int maxNumber = 100000;

Hailstone(int n,Map<int,int> lengths)
{
if (n == 1)
{
^ 1
};

while (true)
{
if (lengths.containsKey(n))
{
^ lengths[n]
}
else
{
if (n.isEven())
{
lengths[n] := 1 + Hailstone(n/2, lengths)
}
else
{
lengths[n] := 1 + Hailstone(3*n + 1, lengths)
}
}
}
}

public program()
{
int longestChain := 0;
int longestNumber := 0;
auto recursiveLengths := new Map<int,int>(4096,4096);

for(int i := 1, i < maxNumber, i+=1)
{
var chainLength := Hailstone(i, recursiveLengths);
if (longestChain < chainLength)
{
longestChain := chainLength;
longestNumber := i
}
};

console.printFormatted("max below {0}: {1} ({2} steps)", maxNumber, longestNumber, longestChain)
}


{{out}}


max bellow 100000: 77031 (351 steps)



## Elixir

defmodule Hailstone do
require Integer

def step(1)                        , do: 0
def step(n) when Integer.is_even(n), do: div(n,2)
def step(n)                        , do: n*3 + 1

def sequence(n) do
Stream.iterate(n, &step/1) |> Stream.take_while(&(&1 > 0)) |> Enum.to_list
end

def run do
seq27 = sequence(27)
len27 = length(seq27)
repr = String.replace(inspect(seq27, limit: 4) <> inspect(Enum.drop(seq27,len27-4)), "][", ", ")
IO.puts "Hailstone(27) has #{len27} elements: #{repr}"

{len, start} = Enum.map(1..100_000, fn(n) -> {length(sequence(n)), n} end) |> Enum.max
IO.puts "Longest sequence starting under 100000 begins with #{start} and has #{len} elements."
end
end

Hailstone.run


{{out}}


Hailstone(27) has 112 elements: [27, 82, 41, 124, ..., 8, 4, 2, 1]
Longest sequence starting under 100000 begins with 77031 and has 351 elements.



## Erlang

-module(hailstone).
-import(io).
-export([main/0]).

hailstone(1) -> [1];
hailstone(N) when N band 1 == 1 -> [N|hailstone(N * 3 + 1)];
hailstone(N) when N band 1 == 0 -> [N|hailstone(N div 2)].

max_length(Start, Stop) ->
F = fun (N) -> {length(hailstone(N)), N} end,
Lengths = lists:map(F, lists:seq(Start, Stop)),
lists:max(Lengths).

main() ->
io:format("hailstone(4): ~w~n", [hailstone(4)]),
Seq27 = hailstone(27),
io:format("hailstone(27) length: ~B~n", [length(Seq27)]),
io:format("hailstone(27) first 4: ~w~n",
[lists:sublist(Seq27, 4)]),
io:format("hailstone(27) last 4: ~w~n",
[lists:nthtail(length(Seq27) - 4, Seq27)]),
io:format("finding maximum hailstone(N) length for 1 <= N <= 100000..."),
{Length, N} = max_length(1, 100000),
io:format(" done.~nhailstone(~B) length: ~B~n", [N, Length]).


{{out}}

Eshell V5.8.4  (abort with ^G)
1> c(hailstone).
{ok,hailstone}
2> hailstone:main().
hailstone(4): [4,2,1]
hailstone(27) length: 112
hailstone(27) first 4: [27,82,41,124]
hailstone(27) last 4: [8,4,2,1]
finding maximum hailstone(N) length for 1 <= N <= 100000... done.
hailstone(77031) length: 351
ok


'''Erlang 2'''

This version has one collatz function for just calculating totals (just for fun) and the second generating lists.


-module(collatz).
-export([main/0,collatz/1,coll/1,max_atz_under/1]).

collatz(1) -> 1;
collatz(N) when N rem 2 == 0 -> 1 + collatz(N div 2);
collatz(N) when N rem 2 > 0 -> 1 + collatz(3 * N +1).

max_atz_under(N) ->
F = fun (X) -> {collatz(X), X} end,
{_, Index} = lists:max(lists:map(F, lists:seq(1, N))),
Index.

coll(1) -> [1];
coll(N) when N rem 2 == 0 -> [N|coll(N div 2)];
coll(N) -> [N|coll(3 * N + 1)].

main() ->
io:format("collatz(4) non-list total: ~w~n", [collatz(4)]),
io:format("coll(4) with lists ~w~n",  [coll(4)] ),
Seq27 = coll(27),
Seq1000 = coll(max_atz_under(100000)),
io:format("coll(27) length: ~B~n", [length(Seq27)]),
io:format("coll(27) first 4: ~w~n", [lists:sublist(Seq27, 4)]),
io:format("collatz(27) last 4: ~w~n",
[lists:nthtail(length(Seq27) - 4, Seq27)]),
io:format("maximum  N <= 100000..."),
io:format("Max: ~w~n", [max_atz_under(100000)]),
io:format("Total: ~w~n", [ length( Seq1000 ) ] ).



'''Output'''


64> collatz:main().
collatz(4) non-list total: 3
coll(4) with lists [4,2,1]
coll(27) length: 112
coll(27) first 4: [27,82,41,124]
collatz(27) last 4: [8,4,2,1]
maximum  N <= 100000...Max: 77031
Total: 351
ok



## ERRE

In Italy it's known also as "Ulam conjecture".


PROGRAM ULAM

!$DOUBLE PROCEDURE HAILSTONE(X,PRT%->COUNT) COUNT=1 IF PRT% THEN PRINT(X,) END IF REPEAT IF X/2<>INT(X/2) THEN X=X*3+1 ELSE X=X/2 END IF IF PRT% THEN PRINT(X,) END IF COUNT=COUNT+1 UNTIL X=1 IF PRT% THEN PRINT END IF END PROCEDURE BEGIN HAILSTONE(27,TRUE->COUNT) PRINT("Sequence length for 27:";COUNT) MAX_COUNT=2 NMAX=2 FOR I=3 TO 100000 DO HAILSTONE(I,FALSE->COUNT) IF COUNT>MAX_COUNT THEN NMAX=I MAX_COUNT=COUNT END IF END FOR PRINT("Max. number is";NMAX;" with";MAX_COUNT;"elements") END PROGRAM  {{out}}  27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 Sequence length for 27: 112 Max. number is 77031 with 351 elements  ## Euler Math Toolbox  >function hailstone (n) ...$  v=[n];
$repeat$    if mod(n,2) then n=3*n+1;
$else n=n/2;$    endif;
$v=v|n;$    until n==1;
$end;$  return v;
$endfunction >hailstone(27), length(%) [ 27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 ] 112 >function hailstonelength (n) ...$  v=zeros(1,n);
$v[1]=4; v[2]=2;$  loop 3 to n;
$count=1;$    n=#;
$repeat$      if mod(n,2) then n=3*n+1;
$else n=n/2;$      endif;
$if n<=cols(v) and v[n] then$        v[#]=v[n]+count;
$break;$      endif;
$count=count+1;$    end;
$end;$  return v;
$endfunction >h=hailstonelength(100000); >ex=extrema(h); ex[3], ex[4] 351 77031  ## Euphoria function hailstone(atom n) sequence s s = {n} while n != 1 do if remainder(n,2)=0 then n /= 2 else n = 3*n + 1 end if s &= n end while return s end function function hailstone_count(atom n) integer count count = 1 while n != 1 do if remainder(n,2)=0 then n /= 2 else n = 3*n + 1 end if count += 1 end while return count end function sequence s s = hailstone(27) puts(1,"hailstone(27) =\n") ? s printf(1,"len = %d\n\n",length(s)) integer max,imax,count max = 0 for i = 2 to 1e5-1 do count = hailstone_count(i) if count > max then max = count imax = i end if end for printf(1,"The longest hailstone sequence under 100,000 is %d with %d elements.\n", {imax,max})  {{out}} hailstone(27) = {27,82,41,124,62,31,94,47,142,71,214,107,322,161,484,242,121,364,182, 91,274,137,412,206,103,310,155,466,233,700,350,175,526,263,790,395, 1186,593,1780,890,445,1336,668,334,167,502,251,754,377,1132,566,283, 850,425,1276,638,319,958,479,1438,719,2158,1079,3238,1619,4858,2429, 7288,3644,1822,911,2734,1367,4102,2051,6154,3077,9232,4616,2308,1154, 577,1732,866,433,1300,650,325,976,488,244,122,61,184,92,46,23,70,35, 106,53,160,80,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1} len = 112 The longest hailstone sequence under 100,000 is 77031 with 351 elements.  ## Excel {{needs-review|Excel|Calculates the Hailstone sequence but might not complete everything from task description.}} In cell '''A1''', place the starting number. In cell '''A2''' enter this formula '''=IF(MOD(A1,2)=0,A1/2,A1*3+1)''' Drag and copy the formula down until 4, 2, 1  ## Ezhil Ezhil is a Tamil programming language, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezhil_%28programming_language%29 | Wikipedia] entry. நிரல்பாகம் hailstone ( எண் ) பதிப்பி "=> ",எண் #hailstone seq @( எண் == 1 ) ஆனால் பின்கொடு எண் முடி  @( (எண்%2) == 1 ) ஆனால் hailstone( 3*எண் + 1) இல்லை hailstone( எண்/2 ) முடி  முடி எண்கள் = [5,17,19,23,37] @(எண்கள் இல் இவ்வெண்) ஒவ்வொன்றாக பதிப்பி "****** calculating hailstone seq for ",இவ்வெண்," " hailstone( இவ்வெண் ) பதிப்பி "*************************************" முடி  ## Factor factor ! rosetta/hailstone/hailstone.factor USING: arrays io kernel math math.ranges prettyprint sequences vectors ; IN: rosetta.hailstone : hailstone ( n -- seq ) [ 1vector ] keep [ dup 1 number= ] [ dup even? [ 2 / ] [ 3 * 1 + ] if 2dup swap push ] until drop ; <PRIVATE : main ( -- ) 27 hailstone dup dup "The hailstone sequence from 27:" print " has length " write length . " starts with " write 4 head [ unparse ] map ", " join print " ends with " write 4 tail* [ unparse ] map ", " join print ! Maps n => { length n }, and reduces to longest Hailstone sequence. 1 100000 [a,b) [ [ hailstone length ] keep 2array ] [ [ [ first ] bi@ > ] most ] map-reduce first2 "The hailstone sequence from " write pprint " has length " write pprint "." print ; PRIVATE> MAIN: main  {{out}} $ ./factor -run=rosetta.hailstone
The hailstone sequence from 27:
has length 112
starts with 27, 82, 41, 124
ends with 8, 4, 2, 1
The hailstone sequence from 77031 has length 351.


## FALSE

[$1&$[%3*1+0~]?~[2/]?]n:
[[$." "$1>][n;!]#%]s:
[1\[$1>][\1+\n;!]#%]c: 27s;! 27c;!." " 0m:0f: 1[$100000\>][$c;!$m;>[m:$f:0]?%1+]#% f;." has hailstone sequence length "m;.  =={{header|Fōrmulæ}}== In [http://wiki.formulae.org/Hailstone_sequence this] page you can see the solution of this task. Fōrmulæ programs are not textual, visualization/edition of programs is done showing/manipulating structures but not text ([http://wiki.formulae.org/Editing_F%C5%8Drmul%C3%A6_expressions more info]). Moreover, there can be multiple visual representations of the same program. Even though it is possible to have textual representation —i.e. XML, JSON— they are intended for transportation effects more than visualization and edition. The option to show Fōrmulæ programs and their results is showing images. Unfortunately images cannot be uploaded in Rosetta Code. ## Forth : hail-next ( n -- n ) dup 1 and if 3 * 1+ else 2/ then ; : .hail ( n -- ) begin dup . dup 1 > while hail-next repeat drop ; : hail-len ( n -- n ) 1 begin over 1 > while swap hail-next swap 1+ repeat nip ; 27 hail-len . cr 27 .hail cr : longest-hail ( max -- ) 0 0 rot 1+ 1 do ( n length ) i hail-len 2dup < if nip nip i swap else drop then loop swap . ." has hailstone sequence length " . ; 100000 longest-hail  ## Fortran {{works with|Fortran|95 and later}} program Hailstone implicit none integer :: i, maxn integer :: maxseqlen = 0, seqlen integer, allocatable :: seq(:) call hs(27, seqlen) allocate(seq(seqlen)) call hs(27, seqlen, seq) write(*,"(a,i0,a)") "Hailstone sequence for 27 has ", seqlen, " elements" write(*,"(a,4(i0,a),3(i0,a),i0)") "Sequence = ", seq(1), ", ", seq(2), ", ", seq(3), ", ", seq(4), " ...., ", & seq(seqlen-3), ", ", seq(seqlen-2), ", ", seq(seqlen-1), ", ", seq(seqlen) do i = 1, 99999 call hs(i, seqlen) if (seqlen > maxseqlen) then maxseqlen = seqlen maxn = i end if end do write(*,*) write(*,"(a,i0,a,i0,a)") "Longest sequence under 100000 is for ", maxn, " with ", maxseqlen, " elements" deallocate(seq) contains subroutine hs(number, length, seqArray) integer, intent(in) :: number integer, intent(out) :: length integer, optional, intent(inout) :: seqArray(:) integer :: n n = number length = 1 if(present(seqArray)) seqArray(1) = n do while(n /= 1) if(mod(n,2) == 0) then n = n / 2 else n = n * 3 + 1 end if length = length + 1 if(present(seqArray)) seqArray(length) = n end do end subroutine end program  {{out}}  Hailstone sequence for 27 has 112 elements Sequence = 27, 82, 41, 124, ...., 8, 4, 2, 1 Longest sequence under 100000 is for 77031 with 351 elements  ## Frege {{trans|Haskell}} {{Works with|Frege|3.21.586-g026e8d7}} module Hailstone where import Data.List (maximumBy) hailstone :: Int -> [Int] hailstone 1 = [1] hailstone n | even n = n : hailstone (n div 2) | otherwise = n : hailstone (n * 3 + 1) withResult :: (t -> t1) -> t -> (t1, t) withResult f x = (f x, x) main :: IO () main = do let h27 = hailstone 27 putStrLn$ show $length h27 let h4 = show$ take 4 h27
let t4 = show $drop (length h27 - 4) h27 putStrLn ("hailstone 27: " ++ h4 ++ " ... " ++ t4) putStrLn$ show $maximumBy (comparing fst)$ map (withResult (length . hailstone)) [1..100000]


{{out}}


112
hailstone 27: [27, 82, 41, 124] ... [8, 4, 2, 1]
(351, 77031)
runtime 0.969 wallclock seconds.



## Frink


hailstone[n] :=
{
results = new array

while n != 1
{
results.push[n]
if n mod 2 == 0    // n is even?
n = n / 2
else
n = (3n + 1)
}

results.push[1]
return results
}

longestLen = 0
longestN = 0
for n = 1 to 100000
{
seq = hailstone[n]
if length[seq] > longestLen
{
longestLen = length[seq]
longestN = n
}
}

println["$longestN has length$longestLen"]



let rec hailstone n = seq {
match n with
| 1                -> yield 1
| n when n % 2 = 0 -> yield n; yield! hailstone (n / 2)
| n                -> yield n; yield! hailstone (n * 3 + 1)
}

let hailstone27 = hailstone 27 |> Array.ofSeq
assert (Array.length hailstone27 = 112)
assert (hailstone27.[..3] = [|27;82;41;124|])
assert (hailstone27.[108..] = [|8;4;2;1|])

let maxLen, maxI = Seq.max <| seq { for i in 1..99999 -> Seq.length (hailstone i), i}
printfn "Maximum length %d was found for hailstone(%d)" maxLen maxI


{{out}}

Maximum length 351 was found for hailstone(77031)


## FunL

def
hailstone( 1 ) = [1]
hailstone( n ) = n # hailstone( if 2|n then n/2 else n*3 + 1 )

if _name_ == '-main-'
h27 = hailstone( 27 )
assert( h27.length() == 112 and h27.startsWith([27, 82, 41, 124]) and h27.endsWith([8, 4, 2, 1]) )

val (n, len) = maxBy( snd, [(i, hailstone( i ).length()) | i <- 1:100000] )

println( n, len )


{{out}}


77031, 351



## Futhark


fun hailstone_step(x: int): int =
if (x % 2) == 0
then x/2
else (3*x) + 1

fun hailstone_seq(x: int): []int =
let capacity = 100
let i = 1
let steps = replicate capacity (-1)
let steps[0] = x
loop ((capacity,i,steps,x)) = while x != 1 do
let (steps, capacity) =
if i == capacity then
(concat steps (replicate capacity (-1)),
capacity * 2)
else (steps, capacity)
let x = hailstone_step x
let steps[i] = x
in (capacity, i+1, steps, x)
in #1 (split i steps)

fun hailstone_len(x: int): int =
let i = 1
loop ((i,x)) = while x != 1 do
(i+1, hailstone_step x)
in i

fun max (x: int) (y: int): int = if x < y then y else x

fun main (x: int) (n: int): ([]int, int) =
(hailstone_seq x,
reduce max 0 (map hailstone_len (map (1+) (iota (n-1)))))



## GAP

CollatzSequence := function(n)
local v;
v := [ n ];
while n > 1 do
if IsEvenInt(n) then
n := QuoInt(n, 2);
else
n := 3*n + 1;
fi;
od;
return v;
end;

CollatzLength := function(n)
local m;
m := 1;
while n > 1 do
if IsEvenInt(n) then
n := QuoInt(n, 2);
else
n := 3*n + 1;
fi;
m := m + 1;
od;
return m;
end;

CollatzMax := function(a, b)
local n, len, nmax, lmax;
lmax := 0;
for n in [a .. b] do
len := CollatzLength(n);
if len > lmax then
nmax := n;
lmax := len;
fi;
od;
return [ nmax, lmax ];
end;

CollatzSequence(27);
# [ 27, 82, 41, 124, 62, 31, 94, 47, 142, 71, 214, 107, 322, 161, 484, 242, 121, 364, 182, 91, 274, 137, 412, 206,
#   103, 310, 155, 466, 233, 700, 350, 175, 526, 263, 790, 395, 1186, 593, 1780, 890, 445, 1336, 668, 334, 167, 502,
#   251, 754, 377, 1132, 566, 283, 850, 425, 1276, 638, 319, 958, 479, 1438, 719, 2158, 1079, 3238, 1619, 4858, 2429,
#   7288, 3644, 1822, 911, 2734, 1367, 4102, 2051, 6154, 3077, 9232, 4616, 2308, 1154, 577, 1732, 866, 433, 1300,
#   650, 325, 976, 488, 244, 122, 61, 184, 92, 46, 23, 70, 35, 106, 53, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 ]
CollatzLength(27);
# 112

CollatzMax(1, 100);
# [ 97, 119 ]
CollatzMax(1, 1000);
# [ 871, 179 ]
CollatzMax(1, 10000);
# [ 6171, 262 ]
CollatzMax(1, 100000);
# [ 77031, 351 ]
CollatzMax(1, 1000000);
# [ 837799, 525 ]


## Go

package main

import "fmt"

// 1st arg is the number to generate the sequence for.
// 2nd arg is a slice to recycle, to reduce garbage.
func hs(n int, recycle []int) []int {
s := append(recycle[:0], n)
for n > 1 {
if n&1 == 0 {
n = n / 2
} else {
n = 3*n + 1
}
s = append(s, n)
}
return s
}

func main() {
seq := hs(27, nil)
fmt.Printf("hs(27): %d elements: [%d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d]\n",
len(seq), seq[0], seq[1], seq[2], seq[3],
seq[len(seq)-4], seq[len(seq)-3], seq[len(seq)-2], seq[len(seq)-1])

var maxN, maxLen int
for n := 1; n < 100000; n++ {
seq = hs(n, seq)
if len(seq) > maxLen {
maxN = n
maxLen = len(seq)
}
}
fmt.Printf("hs(%d): %d elements\n", maxN, maxLen)
}


{{out}}


hs(27): 112 elements: [27 82 41 124 ... 8 4 2 1]
hs(77031): 351 elements



Alternate solution (inspired both by recent news of a new proof submitted for publication and by recent chat on #rosettacode about generators.)

This solution interprets the wording of the task differently, and takes the word "generate" to mean use a [[generator]]. This has the advantage of not storing the whole sequence in memory at once. Elements are generated one at a time, counted and discarded. A time optimization added for task 3 is to store the sequence lengths computed so far.

Output is the same as version above.

package main

import "fmt"

// Task 1 implemented with a generator.  Calling newHg will "create
// a routine to generate the hailstone sequence for a number."
func newHg(n int) func() int {
return func() (n0 int) {
n0 = n
if n&1 == 0 {
n = n / 2
} else {
n = 3*n + 1
}
return
}
}

func main() {
// make generator for sequence starting at 27
hg := newHg(27)
// save first four elements for printing later
s1, s2, s3, s4 := hg(), hg(), hg(), hg()
// load next four elements in variables to use as shift register.
e4, e3, e2, e1 := hg(), hg(), hg(), hg()
// 4+4= 8 that we've generated so far
ec := 8
// until we get to 1, generate another value, shift, and increment.
// note that intermediate elements--those shifted off--are not saved.
for e1 > 1 {
e4, e3, e2, e1 = e3, e2, e1, hg()
ec++
}
fmt.Printf("hs(27): %d elements: [%d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d]\n",
ec, s1, s2, s3, s4, e4, e3, e2, e1)

// Task 3:  strategy is to not store sequences, but just the length
// of each sequence.  as soon as the sequence we're currently working on
// dips into the range that we've already computed, we short-circuit
// to the end by adding the that known length to whatever length
// we've accumulated so far.

var nMaxLen int // variable holds n with max length encounted so far
// slice holds sequence length for each n as it is computed
var computedLen [1e5]int
computedLen[1] = 1
for n := 2; n < 1e5; n++ {
var ele, lSum int
for hg := newHg(n); ; lSum++ {
ele = hg()
// as soon as we get an element in the range we have already
// computed, we're done...
if ele < n {
break
}
}
lSum += computedLen[ele]
// save the sequence length for this n
computedLen[n] = lSum
// and note if it's the maximum so far
if lSum > computedLen[nMaxLen] {
nMaxLen = n
}
}
fmt.Printf("hs(%d): %d elements\n", nMaxLen, computedLen[nMaxLen])
}


## Groovy

def hailstone = { long start ->
def sequence = []
while (start != 1) {
sequence << start
start = (start % 2l == 0l) ? start / 2l : 3l * start + 1l
}
sequence << start
}


Test Code

def sequence = hailstone(27)
assert sequence.size() == 112
assert sequence[0..3] == [27, 82, 41, 124]
assert sequence[-4..-1] == [8, 4, 2, 1]

def results = (1..100000).collect { [n:it, size:hailstone(it).size()] }.max { it.size }
println results


{{out}}

[n:77031, size:351]


import Data.List (maximumBy)
import Data.Ord (comparing)

collatz :: Int -> Int
collatz n
| even n = n div 2
| otherwise = 3 * n + 1

hailstone :: Int -> [Int]
hailstone = takeWhile (/= 1) . iterate collatz

longestChain :: Int
longestChain =
fst $maximumBy (comparing snd)$ (,) <*> (length . hailstone) <$> [1 .. 100000] --TEST ------------------------------------------------------------------------- main :: IO () main = mapM_ putStrLn [ "Collatz sequence for 27: " , (show . hailstone) 27 , "The number " ++ show longestChain , "has the longest hailstone sequence for any number less then 100000. " , "The sequence has length: " ++ (show . length . hailstone$ longestChain)
]


{{out}}

Collatz sequence for 27:
[27,82,41,124,62,31,94,47,142,71,214,107,322,161,484,242,121,364,182,91,274,137,412,206,103,310,155,466,233,700,350,175,526,263,790,395,1186,593,1780,890,445,1336,668,334,167,502,251,754,377,1132,566,283,850,425,1276,638,319,958,479,1438,719,2158,1079,3238,1619,4858,2429,7288,3644,1822,911,2734,1367,4102,2051,6154,3077,9232,4616,2308,1154,577,1732,866,433,1300,650,325,976,488,244,122,61,184,92,46,23,70,35,106,53,160,80,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2]
The number 77031
has the longest hailstone sequence for any number less then 100000.
The sequence has length: 350


The following is an older version, which some of the language examples on this page are translated from:

import Data.Ord (comparing)
import Data.List (maximumBy, intercalate)

hailstone :: Int -> [Int]
hailstone 1 = [1]
hailstone n
| even n = n : hailstone (n div 2)
| otherwise = n : hailstone (n * 3 + 1)

withResult :: (Int -> Int) -> Int -> (Int, Int)
withResult f x = (f x, x)

h27 :: [Int]
h27 = hailstone 27

main :: IO ()
main =
mapM_
putStrLn
[ (show . length) h27
, "hailstone 27: " ++
intercalate " ... " (show <$> [take 4 h27, drop (length h27 - 4) h27]) , show$
maximumBy (comparing fst) $withResult (length . hailstone) <$> [1 .. 100000]
]


{{out}}

112
hailstone 27: [27,82,41,124] ... [8,4,2,1]
(351,77031)


Or, going back to basics, we can observe that the hailstone sequence is an 'anamorphism' – it builds up a list structure from a single integer value, which makes '''unfoldr''' the obvious first thing to reach for the first main task.

In turn, deriving the longest sequence for starting values below 100000 essentially involves a 'catamorphism' – it takes a list of hailstone sequences (or at least a list of their seed values and their lengths), and strips that structure down to a single (N, length) pair. This makes '''foldr''' the obvious recursion scheme to start with for the second main task.

One approach to using '''unfoldr''' and then '''foldr''' might be:

import Data.List (unfoldr)

hailStones :: Int -> [Int]
hailStones =
(++ [1]) .
unfoldr
(\x ->
if x < 2
then Nothing
else Just
( x
, if even x
then div x 2
else (3 * x) + 1))

mostStones :: Int -> (Int, Int)
mostStones n =
foldr
(\x (m, ml) ->
let l = length (hailStones x)
in if l > ml
then (x, l)
else (m, ml))
(0, 0)
[1 .. n]

-- GENERIC  -------------------------------------------------------------------
lastN_ :: Int -> [Int] -> [Int]
lastN_ = (foldr (const (drop 1)) <*>) . drop

-- TEST -----------------------------------------------------------------------
h27, start27, end27 :: [Int]
[h27, start27, end27] = [id, take 4, lastN_ 4] <*> [hailStones 27]

maxNum, maxLen :: Int
(maxNum, maxLen) = mostStones 100000

main :: IO ()
main =
mapM_
putStrLn
[ "Sequence 27 length:"
, show $length h27 , "Sequence 27 start:" , show start27 , "Sequence 27 end:" , show end27 , "" , "N with longest sequence where N <= 100000" , show maxNum , "length of this sequence:" , show maxLen ]  {{Out}} Sequence 27 length: 112 Sequence 27 start: [27,82,41,124] Sequence 27 end: [8,4,2,1] N with longest sequence where N <= 100000 77031 length of this sequence: 351  ## HicEst DIMENSION stones(1000) H27 = hailstone(27) ALIAS(stones,1, first4,4) ALIAS(stones,H27-3, last4,4) WRITE(ClipBoard, Name) H27, first4, "...", last4 longest_sequence = 0 DO try = 1, 1E5 elements = hailstone(try) IF(elements >= longest_sequence) THEN number = try longest_sequence = elements WRITE(StatusBar, Name) number, longest_sequence ENDIF ENDDO WRITE(ClipBoard, Name) number, longest_sequence END FUNCTION hailstone( n ) USE : stones stones(1) = n DO i = 1, LEN(stones) IF(stones(i) == 1) THEN hailstone = i RETURN ELSEIF( MOD(stones(i),2) ) THEN stones(i+1) = 3*stones(i) + 1 ELSE stones(i+1) = stones(i) / 2 ENDIF ENDDO END  H27=112; first4(1)=27; first4(2)=82; first4(3)=41; first4(4)=124; ...; last4(1)=8; last4(2)=4; last4(3)=2; last4(4)=1; number=77031; longest_sequence=351; =={{header|Icon}} and {{header|Unicon}}== A simple solution that generates (in the Icon sense) the sequence is: procedure hailstone(n) while n > 1 do { suspend n n := if n%2 = 0 then n/2 else 3*n+1 } suspend 1 end  and a test program for this solution is: procedure main(args) n := integer(!args) | 27 every writes(" ",hailstone(n)) end  but this solution is computationally expensive when run repeatedly (task 3). The following solution uses caching to improve performance on task 3 at the expense of space. procedure hailstone(n) static cache initial { cache := table() cache[1] := [1] } /cache[n] := [n] ||| hailstone(if n%2 = 0 then n/2 else 3*n+1) return cache[n] end  A test program is: procedure main(args) n := integer(!args) | 27 task2(n) write() task3() end procedure task2(n) count := 0 every writes(" ",right(!(sequence := hailstone(n)),5)) do if (count +:= 1) % 15 = 0 then write() write() write(*sequence," value",(*sequence=1,"")|"s"," in the sequence.") end procedure task3() maxHS := 0 every n := 1 to 100000 do { count := *hailstone(n) if maxHS <:= count then maxN := n } write(maxN," has a sequence of ",maxHS," values") end  A sample run is:  ->hs 27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 112 values in the sequence. 77031 has a sequence of 351 values ->  ## Io Here is a simple, brute-force approach:  makeItHail := method(n, stones := list(n) while (n != 1, if(n isEven, n = n / 2, n = 3 * n + 1 ) stones append(n) ) stones ) out := makeItHail(27) writeln("For the sequence beginning at 27, the number of elements generated is ", out size, ".") write("The first four elements generated are ") for(i, 0, 3, write(out at(i), " ") ) writeln(".") write("The last four elements generated are ") for(i, out size - 4, out size - 1, write(out at(i), " ") ) writeln(".") numOfElems := 0 nn := 3 for(x, 3, 100000, out = makeItHail(x) if(out size > numOfElems, numOfElems = out size nn = x ) ) writeln("For numbers less than or equal to 100,000, ", nn, " has the longest sequence of ", numOfElems, " elements.")  {{out}}  For the sequence beginning at 27, the number of elements generated is 112. The first four elements generated are 27 82 41 124 . The last four elements generated are 8 4 2 1 . For numbers less than or equal to 100,000, 77031 has the longest sequence of 351 elements.  ## Ioke {{needs-review|Ioke|Calculates the Hailstone sequence but might not complete everything from task description.}} collatz = method(n, n println unless(n <= 1, if(n even?, collatz(n / 2), collatz(n * 3 + 1))) )  ## Inform 7 This solution uses a cache to speed up the length calculation for larger numbers. {{works with|Glulx virtual machine}} Home is a room. To decide which list of numbers is the hailstone sequence for (N - number): let result be a list of numbers; add N to result; while N is not 1: if N is even, let N be N / 2; otherwise let N be (3 * N) + 1; add N to result; decide on result. Hailstone length cache relates various numbers to one number. To decide which number is the hailstone sequence length for (N - number): let ON be N; let length so far be 0; while N is not 1: if N relates to a number by the hailstone length cache relation: let result be length so far plus the number to which N relates by the hailstone length cache relation; now the hailstone length cache relation relates ON to result; decide on result; if N is even, let N be N / 2; otherwise let N be (3 * N) + 1; increment length so far; let result be length so far plus 1; now the hailstone length cache relation relates ON to result; decide on result. To say first and last (N - number) entry/entries in (L - list of values of kind K): let length be the number of entries in L; if length <= N * 2: say L; else: repeat with M running from 1 to N: if M > 1, say ", "; say entry M in L; say " ... "; repeat with M running from length - N + 1 to length: say entry M in L; if M < length, say ", ". When play begins: let H27 be the hailstone sequence for 27; say "Hailstone sequence for 27 has [number of entries in H27] element[s]: [first and last 4 entries in H27]."; let best length be 0; let best number be 0; repeat with N running from 1 to 99999: let L be the hailstone sequence length for N; if L > best length: let best length be L; let best number be N; say "The number under 100,000 with the longest hailstone sequence is [best number] with [best length] element[s]."; end the story.  {{out}} Hailstone sequence for 27 has 112 elements: 27, 82, 41, 124 ... 8, 4, 2, 1. The number under 100,000 with the longest hailstone sequence is 77031 with 351 elements.  ## J '''Solution:''' hailseq=: -:(1 3&p.)@.(2&|) ^:(1 ~: ]) ^:a:"0  '''Usage:'''  # hailseq 27 NB. sequence length 112 4 _4 {."0 1 hailseq 27 NB. first & last 4 numbers in sequence 27 82 41 124 8 4 2 1 (>:@(i. >./) , >./) #@hailseq }.i. 1e5 NB. number < 100000 with max seq length & its seq length 77031 351  See also the [[j:Essays/Collatz Conjecture|Collatz Conjecture essay on the J wiki]]. ## Java {{works with|Java|1.5+}} import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; class Hailstone { public static List<Long> getHailstoneSequence(long n) { if (n <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid starting sequence number"); List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>(); list.add(Long.valueOf(n)); while (n != 1) { if ((n & 1) == 0) n = n / 2; else n = 3 * n + 1; list.add(Long.valueOf(n)); } return list; } public static void main(String[] args) { List<Long> sequence27 = getHailstoneSequence(27); System.out.println("Sequence for 27 has " + sequence27.size() + " elements: " + sequence27); long MAX = 100000; // Simple way { long highestNumber = 1; int highestCount = 1; for (long i = 2; i < MAX; i++) { int count = getHailstoneSequence(i).size(); if (count > highestCount) { highestCount = count; highestNumber = i; } } System.out.println("Method 1, number " + highestNumber + " has the longest sequence, with a length of " + highestCount); } // More memory efficient way { long highestNumber = 1; int highestCount = 1; for (long i = 2; i < MAX; i++) { int count = 1; long n = i; while (n != 1) { if ((n & 1) == 0) n = n / 2; else n = 3 * n + 1; count++; } if (count > highestCount) { highestCount = count; highestNumber = i; } } System.out.println("Method 2, number " + highestNumber + " has the longest sequence, with a length of " + highestCount); } // Efficient for analyzing all sequences { long highestNumber = 1; long highestCount = 1; Map<Long, Integer> sequenceMap = new HashMap<Long, Integer>(); sequenceMap.put(Long.valueOf(1), Integer.valueOf(1)); List<Long> currentList = new ArrayList<Long>(); for (long i = 2; i < MAX; i++) { currentList.clear(); Long n = Long.valueOf(i); Integer count = null; while ((count = sequenceMap.get(n)) == null) { currentList.add(n); long nValue = n.longValue(); if ((nValue & 1) == 0) n = Long.valueOf(nValue / 2); else n = Long.valueOf(3 * nValue + 1); } int curCount = count.intValue(); for (int j = currentList.size() - 1; j >= 0; j--) sequenceMap.put(currentList.get(j), Integer.valueOf(++curCount)); if (curCount > highestCount) { highestCount = curCount; highestNumber = i; } } System.out.println("Method 3, number " + highestNumber + " has the longest sequence, with a length of " + highestCount); } return; } }  {{out}} Sequence for 27 has 112 elements: [27, 82, 41, 124, 62, 31, 94, 47, 142, 71, 214, 107, 322, 161, 484, 242, 121, 364, 182, 91, 274, 137, 412, 206, 103, 310, 155, 466, 233, 700, 350, 175, 526, 263, 790, 395, 1186, 593, 1780, 890, 445, 1336, 668, 334, 167, 502, 251, 754, 377, 1132, 566, 283, 850, 425, 1276, 638, 319, 958, 479, 1438, 719, 2158, 1079, 3238, 1619, 4858, 2429, 7288, 3644, 1822, 911, 2734, 1367, 4102, 2051, 6154, 3077, 9232, 4616, 2308, 1154, 577, 1732, 866, 433, 1300, 650, 325, 976, 488, 244, 122, 61, 184, 92, 46, 23, 70, 35, 106, 53, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1] Method 1, number 77031 has the longest sequence, with a length of 351 Method 2, number 77031 has the longest sequence, with a length of 351 Method 3, number 77031 has the longest sequence, with a length of 351  ## JavaScript ### ES5 ### =Imperative= function hailstone (n) { var seq = [n]; while (n > 1) { n = n % 2 ? 3 * n + 1 : n / 2; seq.push(n); } return seq; } // task 2: verify the sequence for n = 27 var h = hailstone(27), hLen = h.length; print("sequence 27 is (" + h.slice(0, 4).join(", ") + " ... " + h.slice(hLen - 4, hLen).join(", ") + "). length: " + hLen); // task 3: find the longest sequence for n < 100000 for (var n, max = 0, i = 100000; --i;) { var seq = hailstone(i), sLen = seq.length; if (sLen > max) { n = i; max = sLen; } } print("longest sequence: " + max + " numbers for starting point " + n);  {{out}} sequence 27 is (27, 82, 41, 124 ... 8, 4, 2, 1). length: 112 longest sequence: 351 numbers for starting point 77031  ### =Functional= This simple problem turns out to be a good test of the constraints on composing (ES5) JavaScript code in a functional style. The first sub-problem falls easily within reach of a basic recursive definition (translating one of the Haskell solutions). (function () { // Hailstone Sequence // n -> [n] function hailstone(n) { return n === 1 ? [1] : ( [n].concat( hailstone(n % 2 ? n * 3 + 1 : n / 2) ) ) } var lstCollatz27 = hailstone(27); return { length: lstCollatz27.length, sequence: lstCollatz27 }; })();  {{out}} {"length":112,"sequence":[27,82,41,124,62,31,94,47,142,71,214, 107,322,161,484,242,121,364,182,91,274,137,412,206,103,310,155,466,233,700,350, 175,526, 263,790,395,1186,593,1780,890,445,1336,668,334,167,502,251,754,377, 1132,566,283,850,425,1276,638,319,958,479,1438,719,2158,1079,3238,1619,4858, 2429,7288,3644,1822,911,2734,1367,4102,2051,6154,3077,9232,4616,2308,1154,577, 1732,866,433,1300,650,325,976,488,244,122,61,184,92,46,23,70,35,106,53,160,80, 40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1]}  Attempting to fold that recursive function over an array of 100,000 elements, however, (to solve the second part of the problem) soon runs out of stack space, at least on the system used here. The stack problem can be quickly fixed, as often, by simply applying a memoized function, which reuses previously calculated paths. (function () { function memoizedHailstone() { var dctMemo = {}; return function hailstone(n) { var value = dctMemo[n]; if (typeof value === "undefined") { dctMemo[n] = value = (n === 1) ? [1] : ([n].concat(hailstone(n % 2 ? n * 3 + 1 : n / 2))); } return value; } } // Derived a memoized version of the function, // which can reuse previously calculated paths var fnCollatz = memoizedHailstone(); // Iterative version of range // [m..n] function range(m, n) { var a = Array(n - m + 1), i = n + 1; while (i--) a[i - 1] = i; return a; } // Fold/reduce over an array to find the maximum length function longestBelow(n) { return range(1, n).reduce( function (a, x, i) { var lng = fnCollatz(x).length; return lng > a.l ? { n: i + 1, l: lng } : a }, { n: 0, l: 0 } ) } return longestBelow(100000); })();  {{out}} // Number, length of sequence {"n":77031, "l":351}  For better time (as well as space) we can continue to memoize while falling back to a function which returns the sequence length alone, and is iteratively implemented. This also proves more scaleable, and we can still use a fold/reduce pattern over a list to find the longest collatz sequences for integers below one million, or ten million and beyond, without hitting the limits of system resources. (function (n) { var dctMemo = {}; // Length only of hailstone sequence // n -> n function collatzLength(n) { var i = 1, a = n, lng; while (a !== 1) { lng = dctMemo[a]; if ('u' === (typeof lng)[0]) { a = (a % 2 ? 3 * a + 1 : a / 2); i++; } else return lng + i - 1; } return i; } // Iterative version of range // [m..n] function range(m, n) { var a = Array(n - m + 1), i = n + 1; while (i--) a[i - 1] = i; return a; } // Fold/reduce over an array to find the maximum length function longestBelow(n) { return range(1, n).reduce( function (a, x) { var lng = dctMemo[x] || (dctMemo[x] = collatzLength(x)); return lng > a.l ? { n: x, l: lng } : a }, { n: 0, l: 0 } ) } return [100000, 1000000, 10000000].map(longestBelow); })();  {{out}} [ {"n":77031, "l":351}, // 100,000 {"n":837799, "l":525}, // 1,000,000 {"n":8400511, "l":686} // 10,000,000 ]  longestBelow(100000000) -> {"n":63728127, "l":950}  ### ES6 (() => { // hailstones :: Int -> [Int] const hailstones = x => { const collatz = memoized(n => even(n) ? div(n, 2) : (3 * n) + 1); return reverse(until( xs => xs[0] === 1, xs => cons(collatz(xs[0]), xs), [x] )); }; // collatzLength :: Int -> Int const collatzLength = n => until( xi => xi[0] === 1, ([x, i]) => [(x % 2 ? 3 * x + 1 : x / 2), i + 1], // [n, 1] )[1]; // GENERIC FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------------------------- // comparing :: (a -> b) -> (a -> a -> Ordering) const comparing = f => (x, y) => { const a = f(x), b = f(y); return a < b ? -1 : (a > b ? 1 : 0); }; // cons :: a -> [a] -> [a] const cons = (x, xs) => [x].concat(xs); // div :: Int -> Int -> Int const div = (x, y) => Math.floor(x / y); // enumFromTo :: Int -> Int -> [Int] const enumFromTo = (m, n) => Array.from({ length: Math.floor(n - m) + 1 }, (_, i) => m + i); // even :: Int -> Bool const even = n => n % 2 === 0; // fst :: (a, b) -> a const fst = pair => pair.length === 2 ? pair[0] : undefined; // map :: (a -> b) -> [a] -> [b] const map = (f, xs) => xs.map(f); // maximumBy :: (a -> a -> Ordering) -> [a] -> a const maximumBy = (f, xs) => xs.length > 0 ? ( xs.slice(1) .reduce((a, x) => f(x, a) > 0 ? x : a, xs[0]) ) : undefined; // memoized :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b) const memoized = f => { const dctMemo = {}; return x => { const v = dctMemo[x]; return v !== undefined ? v : (dctMemo[x] = f(x)); }; }; // reverse :: [a] -> [a] const reverse = xs => xs.slice(0) .reverse(); // unlines :: [String] -> String const unlines = xs => xs.join('\n'); // until :: (a -> Bool) -> (a -> a) -> a -> a const until = (p, f, x) => { let v = x; while (!p(v)) v = f(v); return v; }; // MAIN ------------------------------------------------------------------ const // ceiling :: Int ceiling = 100000, // (maxLen, maxNum) :: (Int, Int) [maxLen, maxNum] = maximumBy( comparing(fst), map(i => [collatzLength(i), i], enumFromTo(1, ceiling)) ); return unlines([ 'Collatz sequence for 27: ', ${hailstones(27)},
'',
The number ${maxNum} has the longest hailstone sequence, for any starting number under${ceiling}.,
'',
The length of that sequence is ${maxLen}. ]); })();  {{Out}} (Run in the Atom editor, through the Script package) Collatz sequence for 27: 27,82,41,124,62,31,94,47,142,71,214,107,322,161,484,242,121,364,182,91, 274,137,412,206,103,310,155,466,233,700,350,175,526,263,790,395,1186,593, 1780,890,445,1336,668,334,167,502,251,754,377,1132,566,283,850,425,1276, 638,319,958,479,1438,719,2158,1079,3238,1619,4858,2429,7288,3644,1822, 911,2734,1367,4102,2051,6154,3077,9232,4616,2308,1154,577,1732,866,433, 1300,650,325,976,488,244,122,61,184,92,46,23,70,35,106,53,160,80,40,20, 10,5,16,8,4,2,1 The number 77031 has the longest hailstone sequence for any starting number under 100000. The length of that sequence is 351. [Finished in 1.139s]  ## jq {{works with|jq|1.4}} # Generate the hailstone sequence as a stream to save space (and time) when counting def hailstone: recurse( if . > 1 then if . % 2 == 0 then ./2|floor else 3*. + 1 end else empty end ); def count(g): reduce g as$i (0; .+1);

# return [i, length] for the first maximal-length hailstone sequence where i is in [1 .. n]
def max_hailstone(n):
# state: [i, length]
reduce range(1; n+1) as $i ([0,0]; ($i | count(hailstone)) as $l | if$l > .[1] then [$i,$l] else . end);


'''Examples''':

[27|hailstone] as $h | "[27|hailstone]|length is \($h|length)",
"The first four numbers: \($h[0:4])", "The last four numbers: \($h|.[length-4:length])",
"",
max_hailstone(100000) as $m | "Maximum length for n|hailstone for n in 1..100000 is \($m[1]) (n == \($m[0]))"  {{out}} $ jq -M -r -n -f hailstone.jq
[27|hailstone]|length is 112
The first four numbers: [27,82,41,124]
The last four numbers:  [8,4,2,1]

Maximum length for n|hailstone for n in 1..100000 is 351 (n == 77031)


## Julia

{{works with|Julia|0.6 and 1.0+}}

### Dynamic solution

function hailstonelength(n::Integer)
len = 1
while n > 1
n = ifelse(iseven(n), n ÷ 2, 3n + 1)
len += 1
end
return len
end

@show hailstonelength(27); nothing
@show findmax([hailstonelength(i) for i in 1:100_000]); nothing


{{out}}


hailstonelength(27) = 112
findmax((hailstonelength(i) for i = 1:100000)) = (351, 77031)



### =Julia 1.0=

{{works with|Julia|1.0+}}

struct HailstoneSeq{T<:Integer}
count::T
end

Base.eltype(::HailstoneSeq{T}) where T = T

function Base.iterate(h::HailstoneSeq, state=h.count)
if state == 1
(1, 0)
elseif state < 1
nothing
elseif iseven(state)
(state, state ÷ 2)
elseif isodd(state)
(state, 3state + 1)
end
end

function Base.length(h::HailstoneSeq)
len = 0
for _ in h
len += 1
end
return len
end

function Base.show(io::IO, h::HailstoneSeq)
f5 = collect(Iterators.take(h, 5))
print(io, "HailstoneSeq{", join(f5, ", "), "...}")
end

hs = HailstoneSeq(27)
println("Collection of the Hailstone sequence from 27: $hs") cl = collect(hs) println("First 5 elements: ", join(cl[1:5], ", ")) println("Last 5 elements: ", join(cl[end-4:end], ", ")) Base.isless(h::HailstoneSeq, s::HailstoneSeq) = length(h) < length(s) println("The number with the longest sequence under 100,000 is: ", maximum(HailstoneSeq.(1:100_000)))  {{out}} Collection of the Hailstone sequence from 27: HailstoneSeq{27, 82, 411, 124, 62...} First 5 elements: 27, 82, 41, 124, 62 Last 5 elements: 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 The number with the longest sequence under 100,000 is: HailstoneSeq{777031, 231094, 115547, 346642, 173321...}  ### =Julia 0.6= {{works with|Julia|0.6}} struct HailstoneSeq{T<:Integer} start::T end Base.eltype(::HailstoneSeq{T}) where T = T Base.start(hs::HailstoneSeq) = (-1, hs.start) Base.done(::HailstoneSeq, state) = state == (1, 4) function Base.next(::HailstoneSeq, state) _, s2 = state s1 = s2 if iseven(s2) s2 = s2 ÷ 2 else s2 = 3s2 + 1 end return s1, (s1, s2) end function Base.length(hs::HailstoneSeq) r = 0 for _ in hs r += 1 end return r end function Base.show(io::IO, hs::HailstoneSeq) f5 = collect(Iterators.take(hs, 5)) print(io, "HailstoneSeq(", join(f5, ", "), "...)") end hs = HailstoneSeq(27) println("Collection of the Hailstone sequence from 27:$hs")
cl = collect(hs)
println("First 5 elements: ", join(cl[1:5], ", "))
println("Last 5 elements: ", join(cl[end-4:end], ", "))

Base.isless(h::HailstoneSeq, s::HailstoneSeq) = length(h) < length(s)
println("The number with the longest sequence under 100,000 is: ", maximum(HailstoneSeq.(1:100_000)))


{{out}}

Collection of the Hailstone sequence from 27: HailstoneSeq(27, 82, 41, 124, 62...)
First 5 elements: 27, 82, 41, 124, 62
Last 5 elements: 16, 8, 4, 2, 1
The number with the longest sequence under 100,000 is: HailstoneSeq(77031, 231094, 115547, 346642, 173321...)


## K

  hail: (1<){:[x!2;1+3*x;_ x%2]}\
seqn: hail 27

#seqn
112
4#seqn
27 82 41 124
-4#seqn
8 4 2 1

{m,x@s?m:|/s:{#hail x}'x}{x@&x!2}!:1e5
351 77031


## Kotlin

import java.util.ArrayDeque

fun hailstone(n: Int): ArrayDeque<Int> {
val hails = when {
n == 1 -> ArrayDeque<Int>()
n % 2 == 0 -> hailstone(n / 2)
else -> hailstone(3 * n + 1)
}
return hails
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val hail27 = hailstone(27)
fun showSeq(s: List<Int>) = s.map { it.toString() }.reduce { a, b -> a + ", " + b }
println("Hailstone sequence for 27 is " + showSeq(hail27.take(3)) + " ... "
+ showSeq(hail27.drop(hail27.size - 3)) + " with length ${hail27.size}.") var longestHail = hailstone(1) for (x in 1..99999) longestHail = arrayOf(hailstone(x), longestHail).maxBy { it.size } ?: longestHail println("${longestHail.first} is the number less than 100000 with " +
"the longest sequence, having length ${longestHail.size}.") }  {{out}} Hailstone sequence for 27 is 27, 82, 41 ... 4, 2, 1 with length 112. 77031 is the number less than 100000 with the longest sequence, having length 351.  ## Lasso [ define_tag("hailstone", -required="n", -type="integer", -copy); local("sequence") = array(#n); while(#n != 1); ((#n % 2) == 0) ? #n = (#n / 2) | #n = (#n * 3 + 1); #sequence->insert(#n); /while; return(#sequence); /define_tag; local("result"); #result = hailstone(27); while(#result->size > 8); #result->remove(5); /while; #result->insert("...",5); "Hailstone sequence for n = 27 -> { " + #result->join(", ") + " }"; local("longest_sequence") = 0; local("longest_index") = 0; loop(-from=1, -to=100000); local("length") = hailstone(loop_count)->size; if(#length > #longest_sequence); #longest_index = loop_count; #longest_sequence = #length; /if; /loop; "<br/>"; "Number with the longest sequence under 100,000: " #longest_index + ", with " + #longest_sequence + " elements."; ]  to hail.next :n output ifelse equal? 0 modulo :n 2 [:n/2] [3*:n + 1] end to hail.seq :n if :n = 1 [output [1]] output fput :n hail.seq hail.next :n end show hail.seq 27 show count hail.seq 27 to max.hail :n localmake "max.n 0 localmake "max.length 0 repeat :n [if greater? count hail.seq repcount :max.length [ make "max.n repcount make "max.length count hail.seq repcount ] ] (print :max.n [has hailstone sequence length] :max.length) end max.hail 100000  ## Limbo implement Hailstone; include "sys.m"; sys: Sys; include "draw.m"; Hailstone: module { init: fn(ctxt: ref Draw->Context, args: list of string); }; init(nil: ref Draw->Context, nil: list of string) { sys = load Sys Sys->PATH; seq := hailstone(big 27); l := len seq; sys->print("hailstone(27): "); for(i := 0; i < 4; i++) { sys->print("%bd, ", hd seq); seq = tl seq; } sys->print("⋯"); while(len seq > 4) seq = tl seq; while(seq != nil) { sys->print(", %bd", hd seq); seq = tl seq; } sys->print(" (length %d)\n", l); max := 1; maxn := big 1; for(n := big 2; n < big 100000; n++) { cur := len hailstone(n); if(cur > max) { max = cur; maxn = n; } } sys->print("hailstone(%bd) has length %d\n", maxn, max);  } hailstone(i: big): list of big { if(i == big 1) return big 1 :: nil; if(i % big 2 == big 0) return i :: hailstone(i / big 2); return i :: hailstone((big 3 * i) + big 1); }  {{out}} txt hailstone(27): 27, 82, 41, 124, ⋯, 8, 4, 2, 1 (length 112) hailstone(77031) has length 351  ## Lingo on hailstone (n, sequenceList) len = 1 repeat while n<>1 if listP(sequenceList) then sequenceList.add(n) if n mod 2 = 0 then n = n / 2 else n = 3 * n + 1 end if len = len + 1 end repeat if listP(sequenceList) then sequenceList.add(n) return len end  Usage: sequenceList = [] hailstone(27, sequenceList) put sequenceList -- [27, 82, 41, 124, ... , 8, 4, 2, 1] n = 0 maxLen = 0 repeat with i = 1 to 99999 len = hailstone(i) if len>maxLen then n = i maxLen = len end if end repeat put n, maxLen -- 77031 351  ## Logtalk :- object(hailstone). :- public(generate_sequence/2). :- mode(generate_sequence(+natural, -list(natural)), zero_or_one). :- info(generate_sequence/2, [ comment is 'Generates the Hailstone sequence that starts with its first argument. Fails if the argument is not a natural number.', argnames is ['Start', 'Sequence'] ]). :- public(write_sequence/1). :- mode(write_sequence(+natural), zero_or_one). :- info(write_sequence/1, [ comment is 'Writes to the standard output the Hailstone sequence that starts with its argument. Fails if the argument is not a natural number.', argnames is ['Start'] ]). :- public(sequence_length/2). :- mode(sequence_length(+natural, -natural), zero_or_one). :- info(sequence_length/2, [ comment is 'Calculates the length of the Hailstone sequence that starts with its first argument. Fails if the argument is not a natural number.', argnames is ['Start', 'Length'] ]). :- public(longest_sequence/4). :- mode(longest_sequence(+natural, +natural, -natural, -natural), zero_or_one). :- info(longest_sequence/4, [ comment is 'Calculates the longest Hailstone sequence in the interval [Start, End]. Fails if the interval is not valid.', argnames is ['Start', 'End', 'N', 'Length'] ]). generate_sequence(Start, Sequence) :- integer(Start), Start >= 1, sequence(Start, Sequence). sequence(1, [1]) :- !. sequence(N, [N| Sequence]) :- ( N mod 2 =:= 0 -> M is N // 2 ; M is (3 * N) + 1 ), sequence(M, Sequence). write_sequence(Start) :- integer(Start), Start >= 1, sequence(Start). sequence(1) :- !, write(1), nl. sequence(N) :- write(N), write(' '), ( N mod 2 =:= 0 -> M is N // 2 ; M is (3 * N) + 1 ), sequence(M). sequence_length(Start, Length) :- integer(Start), Start >= 1, sequence_length(Start, 1, Length). sequence_length(1, Length, Length) :- !. sequence_length(N, Length0, Length) :- Length1 is Length0 + 1, ( N mod 2 =:= 0 -> M is N // 2 ; M is (3 * N) + 1 ), sequence_length(M, Length1, Length). longest_sequence(Start, End, N, Length) :- integer(Start), integer(End), Start >= 1, Start =< End, longest_sequence(Start, End, 1, N, 1, Length). longest_sequence(Current, End, N, N, Length, Length) :- Current > End, !. longest_sequence(Current, End, N0, N, Length0, Length) :- sequence_length(Current, 1, CurrentLength), Next is Current + 1, ( CurrentLength > Length0 -> longest_sequence(Next, End, Current, N, CurrentLength, Length) ; longest_sequence(Next, End, N0, N, Length0, Length) ). :- end_object.  Testing: | ?- hailstone::write_sequence(27). 27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 true | ?- hailstone::sequence_length(27, Length). Length = 112 true | ?- hailstone::longest_sequence(1, 100000, N, Length). N = 77031, Length = 351 true  ## LOLCODE There is presently no way to query a BUKKIT for the existence of a given key, thus making memoization infeasible. This solution takes advantage of prior knowledge to run in reasonable time. HAI 1.3 HOW IZ I hailin YR stone I HAS A sequence ITZ A BUKKIT sequence HAS A length ITZ 1 sequence HAS A SRS 0 ITZ stone IM IN YR stoner BOTH SAEM stone AN 1, O RLY? YA RLY, FOUND YR sequence OIC MOD OF stone AN 2, O RLY? YA RLY, stone R SUM OF PRODUKT OF stone AN 3 AN 1 NO WAI, stone R QUOSHUNT OF stone AN 2 OIC sequence HAS A SRS sequence'Z length ITZ stone sequence'Z length R SUM OF sequence'Z length AN 1 IM OUTTA YR stoner IF U SAY SO I HAS A hail27 ITZ I IZ hailin YR 27 MKAY VISIBLE "hail(27) = "! IM IN YR first4 UPPIN YR i TIL BOTH SAEM i AN 4 VISIBLE hail27'Z SRS i " "! IM OUTTA YR first4 VISIBLE "..."! IM IN YR last4 UPPIN YR i TIL BOTH SAEM i AN 4 VISIBLE " " hail27'Z SRS SUM OF 108 AN i! IM OUTTA YR last4 VISIBLE ", length = " hail27'Z length I HAS A max, I HAS A len ITZ 0 BTW, DIS IZ RLY NOT FAST SO WE ONLY CHEK N IN [75000, 80000) IM IN YR maxer UPPIN YR n TIL BOTH SAEM n AN 5000 I HAS A n ITZ SUM OF n AN 75000 I HAS A seq ITZ I IZ hailin YR n MKAY BOTH SAEM len AN SMALLR OF len AN seq'Z length, O RLY? YA RLY, max R n, len R seq'Z length OIC IM OUTTA YR maxer VISIBLE "len(hail(" max ")) = " len KTHXBYE  {{out}} hail(27) = 27 82 41 124 ... 8 4 2 1, length = 112 len(hail(77031)) = 351  ## Lua function hailstone( n, print_numbers ) local n_iter = 1 while n ~= 1 do if print_numbers then print( n ) end if n % 2 == 0 then n = n / 2 else n = 3 * n + 1 end n_iter = n_iter + 1 end if print_numbers then print( n ) end return n_iter; end hailstone( 27, true ) max_i, max_iter = 0, 0 for i = 1, 100000 do num = hailstone( i, false ) if num >= max_iter then max_i = i max_iter = num end end print( string.format( "Needed %d iterations for the number %d.\n", max_iter, max_i ) )  ## M2000 Interpreter Use of two versions of Hailstone, one which return each n, and another one which return only the length of sequence. Also we use current stack as FIFO to get the last 4 numbers  Module hailstone.Task { hailstone=lambda (n as long)->{ =lambda n (&val) ->{ if n=1 then =false: exit =true if n mod 2=0 then n/=2 : val=n: exit n*=3 : n++: val=n } } Count=Lambda (n) ->{ m=lambda n ->{ if n=1 then =false: exit =true :if n mod 2=0 then n/=2 :exit n*=3 : n++ } c=1 While m() {c++} =c } k=Hailstone(27) counter=1 x=0 Print 27, While k(&x) { counter++ Print x, if counter=4 then exit } Print Flush ' empty current stack While k(&x) { counter++ data x ' send to end of stack -used as FIFO if stack.size>4 then drop } \\ [] return a stack object and leave empty current stack \\ Print use automatic iterator to print all values in columns. Print [] Print "counter:";counter m=0 For i=2 to 99999 { m1=max.data(count(i), m) if m1<>m then m=m1: im=i } Print Format$("Number {0} has then longest hailstone sequence of length {1}", im, m)
}



{{out}}


27      82      41     124
8       4       2       1
counter:112
Number 77031 has then longest hailstone sequence of length 351
</pre >

## Maple

Define the procedure:

Maple

hailstone := proc( N )
local n := N, HS := Array([n]);
while n > 1 do
if type(n,even) then
n := n/2;
else
n := 3*n+1;
end if;
HS(numelems(HS)+1) := n;
end do;
HS;
end proc;



Run the command and show the appropriate portion of the result;


> r := hailstone(27):
[ 1..112 1-D Array     ]
r := [ Data Type: anything  ]
[ Storage: rectangular ]
[ Order: Fortran_order ]
> r(1..4) ... r(-4..);
[27, 82, 41, 124] .. [8, 4, 2, 1]



Compute the first 100000 sequences:


longest := 0; n := 0;
for i from 1 to 100000 do
len := numelems(hailstone(i));
if len > longest then
longest := len;
n := i;
end if;
od:
printf("The longest Hailstone sequence in the first 100k is n=%d, with %d terms\n",n,longest);



{{out}}


The longest Hailstone sequence in the first 100k is n=77031, with 351 terms



=={{header|Mathematica}} / {{header|Wolfram Language}}== Here are four ways to generate the sequence.

### Nested function call formulation

HailstoneF[n_] := NestWhileList[If[OddQ@#, 3 # + 1, #/2] &, n, # > 1 &]


This is probably the most readable and shortest implementation.

=== Fixed-Point formulation ===

HailstoneFP[n_] := Most@FixedPointList[Switch[#, 1, 1, _?OddQ , 3# + 1, _, #/2] &, n]


### Recursive formulation

HailstoneR[1] = {1}
HailstoneR[n_?OddQ] := Prepend[HailstoneR[3 n + 1], n]
HailstoneR[n_] := Prepend[HailstoneR[n/2], n]


### Procedural implementation

HailstoneP[n_] := Module[{x = {n}, s = n},
While[s > 1, x = {x, s = If[OddQ@s, 3 s + 1, s/2]}]; Flatten@x]


### Validation

I use this version to do the validation:

Hailstone[n_] :=
NestWhileList[Which[Mod[#, 2] == 0, #/2, True, ( 3*# + 1) ] &, n, # != 1 &];

c27 = Hailstone@27;
Print["Hailstone sequence for n = 27: [", c27[[;; 4]], "...", c27[[-4 ;;]], "]"]
Print["Length Hailstone[27] = ", Length@c27]

longest = -1; comp = 0;
Do[temp = Length@Hailstone@i;
If[comp < temp, comp = temp; longest = i],
{i, 100000}
]
Print["Longest Hailstone sequence at n = ", longest, "\nwith length = ", comp];


{{out}}


Hailstone sequence for n = 27: [{27,82,41,124}...{8,4,2,1}]
Length Hailstone[27] = 112
Longest Hailstone sequence at n = 77031
with length = 351



I think the fixed-point and the recursive piece-wise function formulations are more idiomatic for Mathematica

### = Sequence 27 =

With[{seq = HailstoneFP[27]}, { Length[seq], Take[seq, 4], Take[seq, -4]}]


{{out}}

{112, {27, 82, 41, 124}, {8, 4, 2, 1}}


Alternatively,

Short[HailstoneFP[27],0.45]


{{out}}

{27, 82, 41, 124, <<104>>, 8, 4, 2, 1}


### = Longest sequence length =

MaximalBy[Table[{i, Length[HailstoneFP[i]]}, {i, 100000}], Last]


{{out}}

{{77031, 351}}


### Hailstone Sequence For N

function x = hailstone(n)
x = n;
while n > 1
% faster than mod(n, 2)
if n ~= floor(n / 2) * 2
n = n * 3 + 1;
else
n = n / 2;
end
x(end + 1) = n; %#ok
end


Show sequence of hailstone(27) and number of elements:

x = hailstone(27);
fprintf('hailstone(27): %d %d %d %d ... %d %d %d %d\nnumber of elements: %d\n', x(1:4), x(end-3:end), numel(x))


{{out}}

hailstone(27): 27 82 41 124 ... 8 4 2 1
number of elements: 112


### Longest Hailstone Sequence Under N

Show the number less than 100,000 which has the longest hailstone sequence together with that sequence's length: ====Basic Version (use the above routine)====

N = 1e5;
maxLen = 0;
for k = 1:N
kLen = numel(hailstone(k));
if kLen > maxLen
maxLen = kLen;
n = k;
end
end


{{out}}

n = 77031
maxLen = 351


### =Faster Version=

function [n, maxLen] = longestHailstone(N)
maxLen = 0;
for k = 1:N
a = k;
kLen = 1;
while a > 1
if a ~= floor(a / 2) * 2
a = a * 3 + 1;
else
a = a / 2;
end
kLen = kLen + 1;
end
if kLen > maxLen
maxLen = kLen;
n = k;
end
end


{{out}}

 [n, maxLen] = longestHailstone(1e5)
n = 77031
maxLen = 351


### =Much Faster Version With Caching=

function [n, maxLen] = longestHailstone(N)
lenList(N) = 0;
lenList(1) = 1;
maxLen = 0;
for k = 2:N
a = k;
kLen = 0;
while a >= k
if a == floor(a / 2) * 2
a = a / 2;
else
a = a * 3 + 1;
end
kLen = kLen + 1;
end
kLen = kLen + lenList(a);
lenList(k) = kLen;
if kLen > maxLen
maxLen = kLen;
n = k;
end
end


{{out}}

 [n, maxLen] = longestHailstone(1e5)
n = 77031
maxLen = 351


## Maxima

collatz(n) := block([L], L: [n], while n > 1 do
(n: if evenp(n) then n/2 else 3*n + 1, L: endcons(n, L)), L)$collatz_length(n) := block([m], m: 1, while n > 1 do (n: if evenp(n) then n/2 else 3*n + 1, m: m + 1), m)$

collatz_max(n) := block([j, m, p], m: 0,
for i from 1 thru n do
(p: collatz_length(i), if p > m then (m: p, j: i)),
[j, m])$collatz(27); /* [27, 82, 41, ..., 4, 2, 1] */ length(%); /* 112 */ collatz_length(27); /* 112 */ collatz_max(100000); /* [77031, 351] */  ## Mercury The actual calculation (including module ceremony) providing both a function and a predicate implementation: :- module hailstone. :- interface. :- import_module int, list. :- func hailstone(int) = list(int). :- pred hailstone(int::in, list(int)::out) is det. :- implementation. hailstone(N) = S :- hailstone(N, S). hailstone(N, [N|S]) :- ( N = 1 -> S = [] ; N mod 2 = 0 -> hailstone(N/2, S) ; hailstone(3 * N + 1, S) ). :- end_module hailstone.  The mainline test driver (making use of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification_(computer_science) unification] for more succinct tests): :- module test_hailstone. :- interface. :- import_module io. :- pred main(io.state::di, io.state::uo) is det. :- implementation. :- import_module int, list. :- import_module hailstone. :- pred longest(int::in, int::out, int::out) is det. :- pred longest(int::in, int::in, int::in, int::out, int::out) is det. longest(M, N, L) :- longest(M, 0, 0, N, L). longest(N, CN, CL, MN, ML) :- ( N > 1 -> L = list.length(hailstone(N)), ( L > CL -> longest(N - 1, N, L, MN, ML) ; longest(N - 1, CN, CL, MN, ML) ) ; MN = CN, ML = CL ). main(!IO) :- S = hailstone(27), ( list.length(S) = 112, list.append([27, 82, 41, 124], _, S), list.remove_suffix(S, [8, 4, 2, 1], _), longest(100000, 77031, 351) -> io.write_string("All tests succeeded.\n", !IO) ; io.write_string("At least one test failed.\n", !IO) ). :- end_module test_hailstone.  {{out}} of running this program is: All tests succeeded. For those unused to logic programming languages it seems that nothing has been proved in terms of confirming anything, but if you look at the predicate declaration for longest/3 :- pred longest(int::in, int::out, int::out) is det.  … you see that the second and third parameters are '''output''' parameters. This by calling longest(100000, 77031, 351) you prove, through unification, that the longest sequence is with the number 77031 and that it is 351 cycles long. Similarly, using list.append([27, 82, 41, 124], _, S) automatically proves that the generated sequence begins with the provided sequence, etc. Thus we know that the correct sequences and values were generated without bothering to print them out. ## ML = ## MLite = fun hail (x = 1) = [1] | (x rem 2 = 0) = x :: hail (x div 2) | x = x :: hail (x * 3 + 1) fun hailstorm ([], i, largest, largest_at) = (largest_at, largest) | (x :: xs, i, largest, largest_at) = let val k = len (hail x) in if k > largest then hailstorm (xs, i + 1, k, i) else hailstorm (xs, i + 1, largest, largest_at) end | (x :: xs) = hailstorm (x :: xs, 1, 0, 0) ; val h27 = hail 27; print "hailstone sequence for the number 27 has "; print  len (h27); print " elements starting with "; print  sub (h27, 0, 4); print " and ending with "; print  sub (h27, len(h27)-4, len h27); println "."; val biggest = hailstorm  iota (100000 - 1); print "The number less than 100,000 which has the longest "; print "hailstone sequence is at element "; print  ref (biggest, 0); print " and is of length "; println  ref (biggest, 1);  {{out}} hailstone sequence for the number 27 has 112 elements starting with [27, 82, 41, 124] and ending with [8, 4, 2, 1]. The number less than 100,000 which has the longest hailstone sequence is at element 77031 and is of length 351  =={{header|Modula-2}}== MODULE hailst; IMPORT InOut; CONST maxCard = MAX (CARDINAL) DIV 3; TYPE action = (List, Count, Max); VAR a : CARDINAL; PROCEDURE HailStone (start : CARDINAL; type : action) : CARDINAL; VAR n, max, count : CARDINAL; BEGIN count := 1; n := start; max := n; LOOP IF type = List THEN InOut.WriteCard (n, 12); IF count MOD 6 = 0 THEN InOut.WriteLn END END; IF n = 1 THEN EXIT END; IF ODD (n) THEN IF n < maxCard THEN n := 3 * n + 1; IF n > max THEN max := n END ELSE InOut.WriteString ("Exceeding max value for type CARDINAL at count = "); InOut.WriteCard (count, 10); InOut.WriteString (" for intermediate value "); InOut.WriteCard (n, 10); InOut.WriteString (". Aborting."); HALT END ELSE n := n DIV 2 END; INC (count) END; IF type = Max THEN RETURN max ELSE RETURN count END END HailStone; PROCEDURE FindMax (num : CARDINAL); VAR val, maxCount, maxVal, cnt : CARDINAL; BEGIN maxCount := 0; maxVal := 0; FOR val := 2 TO num DO cnt := HailStone (val, Count); IF cnt > maxCount THEN maxVal := val; maxCount := cnt END END; InOut.WriteString ("Longest sequence below "); InOut.WriteCard (num, 1); InOut.WriteString (" is "); InOut.WriteCard (HailStone (maxVal, Count), 1); InOut.WriteString (" for n = "); InOut.WriteCard (maxVal, 1); InOut.WriteString (" with an intermediate maximum of "); InOut.WriteCard (HailStone (maxVal, Max), 1); InOut.WriteLn END FindMax; BEGIN a := HailStone (27, List); InOut.WriteLn; InOut.WriteString ("Iterations total = "); InOut.WriteCard (HailStone (27, Count), 12); InOut.WriteString (" max value = "); InOut.WriteCard (HailStone (27, Max) , 12); InOut.WriteLn; FindMax (100000); InOut.WriteString ("Done."); InOut.WriteLn END hailst.  Producing: jan@Beryllium:~/modula/rosetta$ hailst
27          82          41         124          62          31
94          47         142          71         214         107
322         161         484         242         121         364
182          91         274         137         412         206
103         310         155         466         233         700
350         175         526         263         790         395
1186         593        1780         890         445        1336
668         334         167         502         251         754
377        1132         566         283         850         425
1276         638         319         958         479        1438
719        2158        1079        3238        1619        4858
2429        7288        3644        1822         911        2734
1367        4102        2051        6154        3077        9232
4616        2308        1154         577        1732         866
433        1300         650         325         976         488
244         122          61         184          92          46
23          70          35         106          53         160
80          40          20          10           5          16
8           4           2           1
Iterations total =          112 max value =         9232
Longest sequence below 100000 is 351 for n = 77031 with an intermediate maximum of 21933016
Done.


When trying the same for all values below 1 million:


Exceeding max value for type CARDINAL at n = 159487 , count = 60 and intermediate value 1699000271. Aborting.


## MUMPS

hailstone(n)	;
If n=1 Quit n
If n#2 Quit n_" "_$$hailstone(3*n+1) Quit n_" "_$$hailstone(n\2)
Set x=hailstone(27) Write !,$Length(x," ")," terms in ",x,! 112 terms in 27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1  ## NetRexx /* NetRexx */ options replace format comments java crossref savelog symbols binary do start = 27 hs = hailstone(start) hsCount = hs.words say 'The number' start 'has a hailstone sequence comprising' hsCount 'elements' say ' its first four elements are:' hs.subword(1, 4) say ' and last four elements are:' hs.subword(hsCount - 3) hsMax = 0 hsCountMax = 0 llimit = 100000 loop x_ = 1 to llimit - 1 hs = hailstone(x_) hsCount = hs.words if hsCount > hsCountMax then do hsMax = x_ hsCountMax = hsCount end end x_ say 'The number' hsMax 'has the longest hailstone sequence in the range 1 to' llimit - 1 'with a sequence length of' hsCountMax catch ex = Exception ex.printStackTrace end return method hailstone(hn = long) public static returns Rexx signals IllegalArgumentException hs = Rexx('') if hn <= 0 then signal IllegalArgumentException('Invalid start point. Must be a positive integer greater than 0') loop label n_ while hn > 1 hs = hs' 'hn if hn // 2 \= 0 then hn = hn * 3 + 1 else hn = hn % 2 end n_ hs = hs' 'hn return hs.strip  {{out}}  The number 27 has a hailstone sequence comprising 112 elements its first four elements are: 27 82 41 124 and last four elements are: 8 4 2 1 The number 77031 has the longest hailstone sequence in the range 1 to 99999 with a sequence length of 351  ## Nim {{trans|Python}} proc hailstone(n): auto = result = @[n] var n = n while n > 1: if (n and 1) == 1: n = 3 * n + 1 else: n = n div 2 result.add n let h = hailstone 27 assert h.len == 112 and h[0..3] == @[27,82,41,124] and h[h.high-3..h.high] == @[8,4,2,1] var m, mi = 0 for i in 1 .. <100_000: let n = hailstone(i).len if n > m: m = n mi = i echo "Maximum length ", m, " was found for hailstone(", mi, ") for numbers <100,000"  {{out}} Maximum length 351 was found for hailstone(77031) for numbers <100,000  =={{header|Oberon-2}}== MODULE hailst; IMPORT Out; CONST maxCard = MAX (INTEGER) DIV 3; List = 1; Count = 2; Max = 3; VAR a : INTEGER; PROCEDURE HailStone (start, type : INTEGER) : INTEGER; VAR n, max, count : INTEGER; BEGIN count := 1; n := start; max := n; LOOP IF type = List THEN Out.Int (n, 12); IF count MOD 6 = 0 THEN Out.Ln END END; IF n = 1 THEN EXIT END; IF ODD (n) THEN IF n < maxCard THEN n := 3 * n + 1; IF n > max THEN max := n END ELSE Out.String ("Exceeding max value for type INTEGER at: "); Out.String (" n = "); Out.Int (start, 12); Out.String (" , count = "); Out.Int (count, 12); Out.String (" and intermediate value "); Out.Int (n, 1); Out.String (". Aborting."); Out.Ln; HALT (2) END ELSE n := n DIV 2 END; INC (count) END; IF type = Max THEN RETURN max ELSE RETURN count END END HailStone; PROCEDURE FindMax (num : INTEGER); VAR val, maxCount, maxVal, cnt : INTEGER; BEGIN maxCount := 0; maxVal := 0; FOR val := 2 TO num DO cnt := HailStone (val, Count); IF cnt > maxCount THEN maxVal := val; maxCount := cnt END END; Out.String ("Longest sequence below "); Out.Int (num, 1); Out.String (" is "); Out.Int (HailStone (maxVal, Count), 1); Out.String (" for n = "); Out.Int (maxVal, 1); Out.String (" with an intermediate maximum of "); Out.Int (HailStone (maxVal, Max), 1); Out.Ln END FindMax; BEGIN a := HailStone (27, List); Out.Ln; Out.String ("Iterations total = "); Out.Int (HailStone (27, Count), 12); Out.String (" max value = "); Out.Int (HailStone (27, Max) , 12); Out.Ln; FindMax (1000000); Out.String ("Done."); Out.Ln END hailst.  Producing  27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 Iterations total = 112 max value = 9232 Exceeding max value for type INTEGER at: n = 113383 , count = 120 and intermediate value 827370449. Aborting.  ## OCaml #load "nums.cma";; open Num;; (* generate Hailstone sequence *) let hailstone n = let one = Int 1 and two = Int 2 and three = Int 3 in let rec g s x = if x =/ one then x::s else g (x::s) (if mod_num x two =/ one then three */ x +/ one else x // two) in g [] (Int n) ;; (* compute only sequence length *) let haillen n = let one = Int 1 and two = Int 2 and three = Int 3 in let rec g s x = if x =/ one then s+1 else g (s+1) (if mod_num x two =/ one then three */ x +/ one else x // two) in g 0 (Int n) ;; (* max length for starting values in 1..n *) let hailmax = let rec g idx len = function | 0 -> (idx, len) | i -> let a = haillen i in if a > len then g i a (i-1) else g idx len (i-1) in g 0 0 ;; hailmax 100000 ;; (* - : int * int = (77031, 351) *) List.rev_map string_of_num (hailstone 27) ;; (* - : string list = ["27"; "82"; "41"; "124"; "62"; "31"; "94"; "47"; "142"; "71"; "214"; "107"; "322"; "161"; "484"; "242"; "121"; "364"; "182"; "91"; "274"; "137"; "412"; "206"; "103"; "310"; "155"; "466"; "233"; "700"; "350"; "175"; "526"; "263"; "790"; "395"; "1186"; "593"; "1780"; "890"; "445"; "1336"; "668"; "334"; "167"; "502"; "251"; "754"; "377"; "1132"; "566"; "283"; "850"; "425"; "1276"; "638"; "319"; "958"; "479"; "1438"; "719"; "2158"; "1079"; "3238"; "1619"; "4858"; "2429"; "7288"; "3644"; "1822"; "911"; "2734"; "1367"; "4102"; "2051"; "6154"; "3077"; "9232"; "4616"; "2308"; "1154"; "577"; "1732"; "866"; "433"; "1300"; "650"; "325"; "976"; "488"; "244"; "122"; "61"; "184"; "92"; "46"; "23"; "70"; "35"; "106"; "53"; "160"; "80"; "40"; "20"; "10"; "5"; "16"; "8"; "4"; "2"; "1"] *)  ## Oforth : hailstone // n -- [n] | l | ListBuffer new ->l while(dup 1 <>) [ dup l add dup isEven ifTrue: [ 2 / ] else: [ 3 * 1+ ] ] l add l dup freeze ; hailstone(27) dup size println dup left(4) println right(4) println 100000 seq map(#[ dup hailstone size swap Pair new ]) reduce(#maxKey) println  {{out}}  112 [27, 82, 41, 124] [8, 4, 2, 1] [351, 77031]  ## ooRexx  sequence = hailstone(27) say "Hailstone sequence for 27 has" sequence~items "elements and is ["sequence~toString('l', ", ")"]" highestNumber = 1 highestCount = 1 loop i = 2 to 100000 sequence = hailstone(i) count = sequence~items if count > highestCount then do highestNumber = i highestCount = count end end say "Number" highestNumber "has the longest sequence with" highestCount "elements" -- short routine to generate a hailstone sequence ::routine hailstone use arg n sequence = .array~of(n) loop while n \= 1 if n // 2 == 0 then n = n / 2 else n = 3 * n + 1 sequence~append(n) end return sequence  {{out}}  Hailstone sequence for 27 has 112 elements and is [27, 82, 41, 124, 62, 31, 94, 47, 142, 71, 214, 107, 322, 161, 484, 242, 121, 364, 182, 91, 274, 137, 412, 206, 103, 310, 155, 466, 233, 700, 350, 175, 526, 263, 790, 395, 1186, 593, 1780, 890, 445, 1336, 668, 334, 167, 502, 251, 754, 77, 1132, 566, 283, 850, 425, 1276, 638, 319, 958, 479, 1438, 719, 2158, 1079, 3238, 1619, 4858, 2429, 7288, 3644, 1822, 911, 2734, 1367, 102, 051, 6154, 3077, 9232, 4616, 2308, 1154, 577, 1732, 866, 433, 1300, 650, 325, 976, 488, 244, 122, 61, 184, 92, 46, 23, 70, 35, 106, 53, 160, 0, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1] Number 77031 has the longest sequence with 351 elements  ## Order To display the length, and first and last elements, of the hailstone sequence for 27, we could do this: #include <order/interpreter.h> #define ORDER_PP_DEF_8hailstone ORDER_PP_FN( \ 8fn(8N, \ 8cond((8equal(8N, 1), 8seq(1)) \ (8is_0(8remainder(8N, 2)), \ 8seq_push_front(8N, 8hailstone(8quotient(8N, 2)))) \ (8else, \ 8seq_push_front(8N, 8hailstone(8inc(8times(8N, 3))))))) ) ORDER_PP( 8lets((8H, 8seq_map(8to_lit, 8hailstone(27))) (8S, 8seq_size(8H)), 8print(8(h(27) - length:) 8to_lit(8S) 8comma 8space 8(starts with:) 8seq_take(4, 8H) 8comma 8space 8(ends with:) 8seq_drop(8minus(8S, 4), 8H)) ) )  {{out}} h(27) - length:112, starts with:(27)(82)(41)(124), ends with:(8)(4)(2)(1)  Unfortunately, the C preprocessor not really being designed with large amounts of garbage collection in mind, trying to compute the hailstone sequences up to 100000 is almost guaranteed to run out of memory (and take a very, very long time). If we wanted to try, we could add this to the program, which in most languages would use relatively little memory: c #define ORDER_PP_DEF_8h_longest ORDER_PP_FN( \ 8fn(8M, 8P, \ 8if(8is_0(8M), \ 8P, \ 8let((8L, 8seq_size(8hailstone(8M))), \ 8h_longest(8dec(8M), \ 8if(8greater(8L, 8tuple_at_1(8P)), \ 8pair(8M, 8L), 8P))))) ) ORDER_PP( 8let((8P, 8h_longest(8nat(1,0,0,0,0,0), 8pair(0, 0))), 8pair(8to_lit(8tuple_at_0(8P)), 8to_lit(8tuple_at_1(8P)))) )  ...or even this "more elegant" version, which will run out of memory very quickly indeed (but in practice seems to work better for smaller ranges): ORDER_PP( 8let((8P, 8seq_head( 8seq_sort(8fn(8P, 8Q, 8greater(8tuple_at_1(8P), 8tuple_at_1(8Q))), 8seq_map(8fn(8N, 8pair(8N, 8seq_size(8hailstone(8N)))), 8seq_iota(1, 8nat(1,0,0,0,0,0)))))), 8pair(8to_lit(8tuple_at_0(8P)), 8to_lit(8tuple_at_1(8P)))) )  Notice that large numbers (>100) must be entered as digit sequences with 8nat. 8to_lit converts a digit sequence back to a readable number. ## Oz declare fun {HailstoneSeq N} N > 0 = true %% assert if N == 1 then [1] elseif {IsEven N} then N|{HailstoneSeq N div 2} else N|{HailstoneSeq 3*N+1} end end HSeq27 = {HailstoneSeq 27} {Length HSeq27} = 112 {List.take HSeq27 4} = [27 82 41 124] {List.drop HSeq27 108} = [8 4 2 1] fun {MaxBy2nd A=A1#A2 B=B1#B2} if B2 > A2 then B else A end end Pairs = {Map {List.number 1 99999 1} fun {$ I} I#{Length {HailstoneSeq I}} end}

MaxI#MaxLen = {List.foldL Pairs MaxBy2nd 0#0}
{System.showInfo
"Maximum length "#MaxLen#" was found for hailstone("#MaxI#")"}


{{out}}


Maximum length 351 was found for hailstone(77031)



## PARI/GP

### Version #1.

show(n)={
my(t=1);
while(n>1,
print1(n",");
n=if(n%2,
3*n+1
,
n/2
);
t++
);
print(1);
t
};

len(n)={
my(t=1);
while(n>1,
if(n%2,
t+=2;
n+=(n>>1)+1
,
t++;
n>>=1
)
);
t
};

show(27)
r=0;for(n=1,1e5,t=len(n);if(t>r,r=t;ra=n));print(ra"\t"r)


{{out}}

27,82,41,124,62,31,94,47,142,71,214,107,322,161,484,242,121,364,182,91,274,137,4
12,206,103,310,155,466,233,700,350,175,526,263,790,395,1186,593,1780,890,445,133
6,668,334,167,502,251,754,377,1132,566,283,850,425,1276,638,319,958,479,1438,719
,2158,1079,3238,1619,4858,2429,7288,3644,1822,911,2734,1367,4102,2051,6154,3077,
9232,4616,2308,1154,577,1732,866,433,1300,650,325,976,488,244,122,61,184,92,46,2
3,70,35,106,53,160,80,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1


and

77031   351


### Version #2.

{{Works with|PARI/GP|2.7.4 and above}}

Different kind of PARI scripts for Collatz sequences you can find in OEIS, e.g.: [http://oeis.org/A070165 A070165]


\\ Get vector with Collatz sequence for the specified starting number.
\\ Limit vector to the lim length, or less, if 1 (one) term is reached (when lim=0).
\\ 3/26/2016 aev
Collatz(n,lim=0)={
my(c=n,e=0,L=List(n)); if(lim==0, e=1; lim=n*10^6);
for(i=1,lim, if(c%2==0, c=c/2, c=3*c+1); listput(L,c); if(e&&c==1, break));
return(Vec(L)); }
Collatzmax(ns,nf)={
my(V,vn,mxn=1,mx,im=1);
print("Search range: ",ns,"..",nf);
for(i=ns,nf, V=Collatz(i); vn=#V; if(vn>mxn, mxn=vn; im=i); kill(V));
print("Hailstone/Collatz(",im,") has the longest length = ",mxn);
}

{
\\ Required tests:
print("Required tests:");
my(Vr,vrn);
Vr=Collatz(27); vrn=#Vr;
print("Hailstone/Collatz(27): ",Vr[1..4]," ... ",Vr[vrn-3..vrn],"; length = ",vrn);
Collatzmax(1,100000);
}



{{Output}}


Required tests:
Hailstone/Collatz(27): [27, 82, 41, 124] ... [8, 4, 2, 1]; length = 112
Search range: 1..100000
Hailstone/Collatz(77031) has the longest length = 351

(15:32) gp > ##
***   last result computed in 15,735 ms.



## Pascal

See [[Hailstone_sequence#Delphi | Delphi]] or try this transformed Delphi version without generics.Use of a static array.

program ShowHailstoneSequence;
{$IFDEF FPC} {$MODE delphi} //or objfpc
{$Else} {$Apptype Console} // for delphi
{$ENDIF} uses SysUtils;// format const maxN = 10*1000*1000;// for output 1000*1000*1000 type tiaArr = array[0..1000] of Uint64; tIntArr = record iaMaxPos : integer; iaArr : tiaArr end; tpiaArr = ^tiaArr; function HailstoneSeqCnt(n: UInt64): NativeInt; begin result := 0; //ensure n to be odd while not(ODD(n)) do Begin inc(result); n := n shr 1; end; IF n > 1 then repeat //now n == odd -> so two steps in one can be made repeat n := (3*n+1) SHR 1;inc(result,2); until NOT(Odd(n)); //now n == even -> so only one step can be made repeat n := n shr 1; inc(result); until odd(n); until n = 1; end; procedure GetHailstoneSequence(aStartingNumber: NativeUint;var aHailstoneList: tIntArr); var maxPos: NativeInt; n: UInt64; pArr : tpiaArr; begin with aHailstoneList do begin maxPos := 0; pArr := @iaArr; end; n := aStartingNumber; pArr^[maxPos] := n; while n <> 1 do begin if odd(n) then n := (3*n+1) else n := n shr 1; inc(maxPos); pArr^[maxPos] := n; end; aHailstoneList.iaMaxPos := maxPos; end; var i,Limit: NativeInt; lList: tIntArr; lAverageLength:Uint64; lMaxSequence: NativeInt; lMaxLength,lgth: NativeInt; begin lList.iaMaxPos := 0; GetHailstoneSequence(27, lList);//319804831 with lList do begin Limit := iaMaxPos; writeln(Format('sequence of %d has %d elements',[iaArr[0],Limit+1])); write(iaArr[0],',',iaArr[1],',',iaArr[2],',',iaArr[3],'..'); For i := iaMaxPos-3 to iaMaxPos-1 do write(iaArr[i],','); writeln(iaArr[iaMaxPos]); end; Writeln; lMaxSequence := 0; lMaxLength := 0; i := 1; limit := 10*i; writeln(' Limit : number with max length | average length'); repeat lAverageLength:= 0; repeat lgth:= HailstoneSeqCnt(i); inc(lAverageLength, lgth); if lgth >= lMaxLength then begin lMaxSequence := i; lMaxLength := lgth+1; end; inc(i); until i = Limit; Writeln(Format(' %10d : %9d | %4d | %7.3f', [limit,lMaxSequence, lMaxLength,0.9*lAverageLength/Limit])); limit := limit*10; until Limit > maxN; end.  {{out}} sequence of 27 has 112 elements 27,82,41,124..8,4,2,1 Limit : number with max length | average length 10 : 9 | 20 | 5.490 100 : 97 | 119 | 27.504 1000 : 871 | 179 | 50.683 10000 : 6171 | 262 | 71.119 100000 : 77031 | 351 | 89.137 1000000 : 837799 | 525 | 108.613 10000000 : 8400511 | 686 | 127.916 100000000 : 63728127 | 950 | 147.337 1000000000 : 670617279 | 987 | 166.780 real 6m22.968s // 32-bit compiled real 3m56.573s // 64-bit compiled  ## Perl ### Straightforward #!/usr/bin/perl use warnings; use strict; my @h = hailstone(27); print "Length of hailstone(27) = " . scalar @h . "\n"; print "[" . join(", ", @h[0 .. 3], "...", @h[-4 .. -1]) . "]\n"; my ($max, $n) = (0, 0); for my$x (1 .. 99_999) {
@h = hailstone($x); if (scalar @h >$max) {
($max,$n) = (scalar @h, $x); } } print "Max length$max was found for hailstone($n) for numbers < 100_000\n"; sub hailstone { my ($n) = @_;

my @sequence = ($n); while ($n > 1) {
if ($n % 2 == 0) {$n = int($n / 2); } else {$n = $n * 3 + 1; } push @sequence,$n;
}

return @sequence;
}


{{out}}


Length of hailstone(27) = 112
[27, 82, 41, 124, ..., 8, 4, 2, 1]
Max length 351 was found for hailstone(77031) for numbers < 100_000



### Compact

A more compact version:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;

sub hailstone {
@_ = local $_ = shift; push @_,$_ = $_ % 2 ? 3 *$_ + 1 : $_ / 2 while$_ > 1;
@_;
}

my @h = hailstone($_ = 27); print "$_: @h[0 .. 3] ... @h[-4 .. -1] (".@h.")\n";

@h = ();
for (1 .. 99_999) { @h = ($_,$h[2]) if ($h[2] = hailstone($_)) > $h[1] } printf "%d: (%d)\n", @h;  {{out}}  27: 27 82 41 124 ... 8 4 2 1 (112) 77031: (351)  ## Perl 6 sub hailstone($n) { $n, {$_ %% 2 ?? $_ div 2 !!$_ * 3 + 1 } ... 1 }

my @h = hailstone(27);
say "Length of hailstone(27) = {+@h}";
say ~@h;

my $m = max ( (1..99_999).race.map: { +hailstone($_) => $_ } ); say "Max length {$m.key} was found for hailstone({$m.value}) for numbers < 100_000";  {{out}}  Length of hailstone(27) = 112 27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 Max length 351 was found for hailstone(77031) for numbers < 100_000  ## Phix Copy of [[Hailstone_sequence#Euphoria|Euphoria]] function hailstone(atom n) sequence s = {n} while n!=1 do if remainder(n,2)=0 then n /= 2 else n = 3*n+1 end if s &= n end while return s end function function hailstone_count(atom n) integer count = 1 while n!=1 do if remainder(n,2)=0 then n /= 2 else n = 3*n+1 end if count += 1 end while return count end function sequence s = hailstone(27) integer ls = length(s) s[5..-5] = {".."} puts(1,"hailstone(27) = ") ? s printf(1,"length = %d\n\n",ls) integer hmax = 1, imax = 1,count for i=2 to 1e5-1 do count = hailstone_count(i) if count>hmax then hmax = count imax = i end if end for printf(1,"The longest hailstone sequence under 100,000 is %d with %d elements.\n",{imax,hmax})  {{out}}  hailstone(27) = {27,82,41,124,"..",8,4,2,1} length = 112 The longest hailstone sequence under 100,000 is 77031 with 351 elements.  ## PHP function hailstone($n,$seq=array()){$sequence = $seq;$sequence[] = $n; if($n == 1){
return $sequence; }else{$n = ($n%2==0) ?$n/2 : (3*$n)+1; return hailstone($n, $sequence); } }$result = hailstone(27);
echo count($result) . ' Elements. '; echo 'Starting with : ' . implode(",",array_slice($result,0,4)) .' and ending with : ' . implode(",",array_slice($result,count($result)-4)) . '
';

$maxResult = array(0); for($i=1;$i<=100000;$i++){
$result = count(hailstone($i));
if($result > max($maxResult)){
$maxResult = array($i=>$result); } } foreach($maxResult as $key =>$val){
echo 'Number < 100000 with longest Hailstone seq.: ' . $key . ' with length of ' .$val;
}


112 Elements.
Starting with : 27,82,41,124 and ending with : 8,4,2,1
Number < 100000 with longest Hailstone seq.: 77031 with length of 351



## PicoLisp

(de hailstone (N)
(make
(setq N
(if (bit? 1 N)
(inc (* N 3))
(/ N 2) ) ) ) ) )

(let L (hailstone 27)
(println 27 (length L) (head 4 L) '- (tail 4 L)) )

(let N (maxi '((N) (length (hailstone N))) (range 1 100000))
(println N (length (hailstone N))) )


{{out}}

27 112 (27 82 41 124) - (8 4 2 1)
77031 351


## Pike

#!/usr/bin/env pike

int next(int n)
{
if (n==1)
return 0;
if (n%2)
return 3*n+1;
else
return n/2;
}

array(int) hailstone(int n)
{
array seq = ({ n });
while (n=next(n))
seq += ({ n });
return seq;
}

void main()
{
array(int) two = hailstone(27);
if (equal(two[0..3], ({ 27, 82, 41, 124 })) && equal(two[<3..], ({ 8,4,2,1 })))
write("sizeof(({ %{%d, %}, ... %{%d, %} }) == %d\n", two[0..3], two[<3..], sizeof(two));

mapping longest = ([ "length":0, "start":0 ]);

foreach(allocate(100000); int start; )
{
int length = sizeof(hailstone(start));
if (length > longest->length)
{
longest->length = length;
longest->start = start;
}
}
write("longest sequence starting at %d has %d elements\n", longest->start, longest->length);
}


{{out}}


sizeof(({ 27, 82, 41, 124, , ... 8, 4, 2, 1,  }) == 112
longest sequence starting at 77031 has 351 elements



## PL/I

test: proc options (main);
declare (longest, n) fixed (15);
declare flag bit (1);
declare (i, value) fixed (15);

flag = '1'b;
put skip list ('The sequence for 27 is');
i = hailstones(27);

flag = '0'b;
longest = 0;
do i = 1 to 99999;
if longest < hailstones(i) then
do; longest = hailstones(i); value = i; end;
end;
put skip edit (value, ' has the longest sequence of ', longest) (a);

hailstones: procedure (n) returns ( fixed (15));
declare n fixed (15) nonassignable;
declare (m, p) fixed (15);

m = n;
p = 1;
if flag then put skip list (m);
do p = 1 by 1 while (m > 1);
if iand(m, 1) = 0 then
m = m/2;
else
m = 3*m + 1;
if flag then put skip list (m);
end;
if flag then put skip list ('The hailstone sequence has length' || p);
return (p);
end hailstones;

end test;


{{out}}

The sequence for 27 is
27
82
41
124
62
31
94
47
142
71
214
107
322
161
484
242
121
364
182
91
274
137
412
206
103
310
155
466
233
700
350
175
526
263
790
395
1186
593
1780
890
445
1336
668
334
167
502
251
754
377
1132
566
283
850
425
1276
638
319
958
479
1438
719
2158
1079
3238
1619
4858
2429
7288
3644
1822
911
2734
1367
4102
2051
6154
3077
9232
4616
2308
1154
577
1732
866
433
1300
650
325
976
488
244
122
61
184
92
46
23
70
35
106
53
160
80
40
20
10
5
16
8
4
2
1
The hailstone sequence has length               112
77031 has the longest sequence of                351



## plainTeX

The following code works with any TeX engine.

tex
\newif\ifprint
\newcount\itercount
\newcount\currentnum
\def\hailstone#1{\itercount=0 \currentnum=#1 \hailstoneaux}
\def\hailstoneaux{%
\ifprint\number\currentnum\space\space\fi
\ifnum\currentnum>1
\ifodd\currentnum
\else
\divide\currentnum2
\fi
\expandafter\hailstoneaux
\fi
}

\parindent=0pt
\printtrue\hailstone{27}
Length = \number\itercount
\bigbreak

\newcount\ii \ii=1
\printfalse
\def\lenmax{0}
\def\seed{0}
\loop
\ifnum\ii<100000
\hailstone\ii
\ifnum\itercount>\lenmax\relax
\edef\lenmax{\number\itercount}%
\edef\seed{\number\ii}%
\fi
\repeat
Seed max = \seed, length = \lenmax
\bye


pdf or dvi output:

txt
27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206
103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167
502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619
4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732
866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16
8 4 2 1 Length = 112

Seed max = 77031, length = 351



## PowerShell

{{works with|PowerShell|3.0+}}

Powershell

function Get-HailStone {
param($n) switch($n) {
1              {$n;return} {$n % 2 -eq 0} {$n; return Get-Hailstone ($n = $n / 2)} {$n % 2 -ne 0} {$n; return Get-Hailstone ($n = ($n * 3) +1)} } } function Get-HailStoneBelowLimit { param($UpperLimit)

for ($i = 1;$i -lt $UpperLimit;$i++) {
[pscustomobject]@{
'Number' = $i 'Count' = (Get-HailStone$i).count
}
}
}


{{out}}

txt
PS C:\> Get-HailStone 27
27
82
41
...
8
4
2
1

PS C:\> (Get-HailStone 27).count
112

PS C:\> Get-HailStoneBelowLimit 100000 | Sort Count -Descending | Select -first 1
Number         Count
------         -----
77031           351


## Prolog

1. Create a routine to generate the hailstone sequence for a number.

prolog
hailstone(1,[1]) :- !.
hailstone(N,[N|S]) :- 0 is N mod 2, N1 is N / 2, hailstone(N1,S).
hailstone(N,[N|S]) :- 1 is N mod 2, N1 is (3 * N) + 1, hailstone(N1, S).


2. Use the routine to show that the hailstone sequence for the number 27 has 112 elements starting with 27, 82, 41, 124 and ending with 8, 4, 2, 1.

The following query performs the test.

prolog
hailstone(27,X),
length(X,112),
append([27, 82, 41, 124], _, X),
append(_, [8, 4, 2, 1], X).


3. Show the number less than 100,000 which has the longest hailstone sequence together with that sequences length.

prolog
longestHailstoneSequence(M, Seq, Len) :- longesthailstone(M, 1, 1, Seq, Len).
longesthailstone(1, Cn, Cl, Mn, Ml):- Mn = Cn,
Ml = Cl.
longesthailstone(N, _, Cl, Mn, Ml) :- hailstone(N, X),
length(X, L),
Cl < L,
N1 is N-1,
longesthailstone(N1, N, L, Mn, Ml).
longesthailstone(N, Cn, Cl, Mn, Ml) :- N1 is N-1,
longesthailstone(N1, Cn, Cl, Mn, Ml).


run this query.

prolog
longestHailstoneSequence(100000, Seq, Len).


to get the following result

txt

Seq = 77031,
Len = 351



### Constraint Handling Rules

CHR is a programming language created by '''Professor Thom Frühwirth'''.

Works with SWI-Prolog and module '''chr''' written by '''Tom Schrijvers''' and '''Jan Wielemaker'''

Prolog
:- use_module(library(chr)).
:- chr_option(debug, off).
:- chr_option(optimize, full).

:- chr_constraint collatz/2, hailstone/1, clean/0.

% to remove all constraints hailstone/1 after computation
clean @ clean \ hailstone(_) <=> true.
clean @ clean <=> true.

% compute Collatz number
init @ collatz(1,X) <=>  X = 1 | true.
collatz @ collatz(N, C) <=> (N mod 2 =:= 0 -> C is N / 2; C is 3 * N + 1).

% Hailstone loop
hailstone(1) ==> true.
hailstone(N) ==> N \= 1 | collatz(N, H), hailstone(H).


Prolog
hailstone(27),
findall(X, find_chr_constraint(hailstone(X)), L),
clean,
% check the requirements
(   (length(L, 112), append([27, 82, 41, 124 | _], [8,4,2,1], L)) -> writeln(ok); writeln(ko)).


{{out}}

txt
ok
true.


Prolog
longest_sequence :-
seq(2, 100000, 1-[1], Len-V),
format('For ~w sequence has ~w len ! ~n', [V, Len]).

% walk through 2 to 100000 and compute the length of the sequences
% memorize the longest
seq(N, Max, Len-V, Len-V) :- N is Max + 1, !.
seq(N, Max, CLen - CV, FLen - FV) :-
len_seq(N, Len - N),
(   Len > CLen -> Len1 = Len, V1 = [N]
;   Len = CLen -> Len1 = Len, V1 = [N | CV]
;   Len1 = CLen, V1 = CV),
N1 is N+1,
seq(N1, Max, Len1 - V1, FLen - FV).

% compute the len of the Hailstone sequence for a number
len_seq(N, Len - N) :-
hailstone(N),
findall(hailstone(X), find_chr_constraint(hailstone(X)), L),
length(L, Len),
clean.


{{out}}

txt
?- longest_sequence.
For [77031] sequence has 351 len !
true.



## Pure

pure
// 1. Create a routine to generate the hailstone sequence for a number.
type odd x::int = x mod 2;
type even x::int = ~odd x;
odd x = typep odd x;
even x = typep even x;

hailstone 1       = [1];
hailstone n::even = n:hailstone (n div 2);
hailstone n::odd  = n:hailstone (3*n + 1);

// 2. Use the routine to show that the hailstone sequence for the number 27
//    has 112 elements starting with 27, 82, 41, 124 and ending with 8, 4, 2, 1
n = 27;
hs = hailstone n;
l = # hs;
using system;

printf
("the hailstone sequence for the number %d has %d elements " +
"starting with %s and ending with %s\n")
(n, l, __str__ (hs!!(0..3)), __str__ ( hs!!((l-4)..l)));

// 3. Show the number less than 100,000 which has the longest hailstone
//    sequence together with that sequences length.
printf ("the number under 100,000 with the longest sequence is %d " +
"with a sequence length of %d\n")
(foldr (\ (a,b) (c,d) -> if (b > d) then (a,b) else (c,d))
(0,0)
(map (\ x -> (x, # hailstone x)) (1..100000)));


{{out}}

txt

the hailstone sequence for the number 27 has 112 elements starting with [27,82,41,124] and ending with [8,4,2,1]
the number under 100,000 with the longest sequence is 77031 with a sequence length of 351



## Python

### Procedural

python
def hailstone(n):
seq = [n]
while n>1:
n = 3*n + 1 if n & 1 else n//2
seq.append(n)
return seq

if __name__ == '__main__':
h = hailstone(27)
assert len(h)==112 and h[:4]==[27, 82, 41, 124] and h[-4:]==[8, 4, 2, 1]
print("Maximum length %i was found for hailstone(%i) for numbers <100,000" %
max((len(hailstone(i)), i) for i in range(1,100000)))


{{out}}

txt
Maximum length 351 was found for hailstone(77031) for numbers <100,000


### Composition of pure functions

{{Works with|Python|3.7}}

python
'''Hailstone sequences'''

from itertools import (islice, takewhile)

# hailstone :: Int -> [Int]
def hailstone(x):
'''Hailstone sequence starting with x.'''
def p(n):
return 1 != n
return list(takewhile(p, iterate(collatz)(x))) + [1]

# collatz :: Int -> Int
def collatz(n):
'''Next integer in the hailstone sequence.'''
return 3 * n + 1 if 1 & n else n // 2

# TEST ----------------------------------------------------

# main :: IO ()
def main():
'''Tests.'''

n = 27
xs = hailstone(n)
print(unlines([
f'The hailstone sequence for {n} has {len(xs)} elements,',
f'starting with {take(4)(xs)},',
f'and ending with {drop(len(xs) - 4)(xs)}.\n'
]))

(a, b) = (1, 99999)
(i, x) = max(
enumerate(
map(compose(len)(hailstone), enumFromTo(a)(b))
),
key=snd
)
print(unlines([
f'The number in the range {a}..{b} '
f'which produces the longest sequence is {1 + i},',
f'generating a hailstone sequence of {x} integers.'
]))

# GENERIC ------------------------------------------------

# compose (<<<) :: (b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> a -> c
def compose(g):
'''Function composition.'''
return lambda f: lambda x: g(f(x))

# drop :: Int -> [a] -> [a]
# drop :: Int -> String -> String
def drop(n):
'''The sublist of xs beginning at (zero-based) index n.'''
def go(xs):
if isinstance(xs, list):
return xs[n:]
else:
take(n)(xs)
return xs
return lambda xs: go(xs)

# enumFromTo :: (Int, Int) -> [Int]
def enumFromTo(m):
'''Integer enumeration from m to n.'''
return lambda n: list(range(m, 1 + n))

# iterate :: (a -> a) -> a -> Gen [a]
def iterate(f):
'''An infinite list of repeated applications of f to x.'''
def go(x):
v = x
while True:
yield v
v = f(v)
return lambda x: go(x)

# snd :: (a, b) -> b
def snd(tpl):
'''Second component of a tuple.'''
return tpl[1]

# take :: Int -> [a] -> [a]
# take :: Int -> String -> String
def take(n):
'''The prefix of xs of length n,
or xs itself if n > length xs.'''
return lambda xs: (
xs[0:n]
if isinstance(xs, list)
else list(islice(xs, n))
)

# unlines :: [String] -> String
def unlines(xs):
'''A single newline-delimited string derived
from a list of strings.'''
return '\n'.join(xs)

if __name__ == '__main__':
main()


{{Out}}

txt
The hailstone sequence for 27 has 112 elements,
starting with [27, 82, 41, 124],
and ending with [8, 4, 2, 1].

The number in the range 1..99999 which produces the longest sequence is 77031,
generating a hailstone sequence of 351 integers.


## R

r
### PART 1:
makeHailstone <- function(n){
hseq <- n
while (hseq[length(hseq)] > 1){
current.value <- hseq[length(hseq)]
if (current.value %% 2 == 0){
next.value <- current.value / 2
} else {
next.value <- (3 * current.value) + 1
}
hseq <- append(hseq, next.value)
}
return(list(hseq=hseq, seq.length=length(hseq)))
}

### PART 2:
twenty.seven <- makeHailstone(27)
twenty.seven$hseq twenty.seven$seq.length

### PART 3:
max.length <- 0;  lower.bound <- 1;  upper.bound <- 100000

for (index in lower.bound:upper.bound){
current.hseq <- makeHailstone(index)
if (current.hseq$seq.length > max.length){ max.length <- current.hseq$seq.length
max.index  <- index
}
}

cat("Between ", lower.bound, " and ", upper.bound, ", the input of ",
max.index, " gives the longest hailstone sequence, which has length ",
max.length, ". \n", sep="")


{{out}}

txt
> twenty.seven$hseq [1] 27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 [16] 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 [31] 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 [46] 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 [61] 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 [76] 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 [91] 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 [106] 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 > twenty.seven$seq.length
[1] 112

Between 1 and 1e+05, the input of 77031 gives the longest hailstone sequence,
which has length 351.


## Racket

Racket

#lang racket

(define hailstone
(let ([t (make-hasheq)])
(hash-set! t 1 '(1))
(λ(n) (hash-ref! t n
(λ() (cons n (hailstone (if (even? n) (/ n 2) (+ (* 3 n) 1)))))))))

(define h27 (hailstone 27))
(printf "h(27) = ~s, ~s items\n"
(,@(take h27 4) ... ,@(take-right h27 4))
(length h27))

(define N 100000)
(define longest
(for/fold ([m #f]) ([i (in-range 1 (add1 N))])
(define h (hailstone i))
(if (and m (> (cdr m) (length h))) m (cons i (length h)))))
(printf "for x<=~s, ~s has the longest sequence with ~s items\n"
N (car longest) (cdr longest))



{{out}}

txt

h(27) = (27 82 41 124 ... 8 4 2 1), 112 items
for x<=100000, 77031 has the longest sequence with 351 items



## REBOL

rebol

hail: func [
"Returns the hailstone sequence for n"
n [integer!]
/local seq
] [
seq: copy reduce [n]
while [n <> 1] [
append seq n: either n % 2 == 0 [n / 2] [3 * n + 1]
]
seq
]

hs27: hail 27
print [
"the hail sequence of 27 has length" length? hs27
"and has the form " copy/part hs27 3 "..."
back back back tail hs27
]

maxN: maxLen: 0
repeat n 99999 [
if (len: length? hail n) > maxLen [
maxN: n
maxLen: len
]
]

print [
"the number less than 100000 with the longest hail sequence is"
maxN "with length" maxLen
]


{{out}}

txt
the hail sequence of 27 has length 112 and has the form  27 82 41 ... 4 2 1
the number less than 100000 with the longest hail sequence is 77031 with length 351


## REXX

===non-optimized===

REXX
/*REXX program tests a  number  and also a  range for  hailstone  (Collatz)  sequences. */
numeric digits 20                                /*be able to handle gihugeic numbers.  */
parse arg x y .                                  /*get optional arguments from the C.L. */
if x=='' | x==","   then x=     27               /*No  1st  argument?  Then use default.*/
if y=='' | y==","   then y= 100000 - 1           /* "  2nd      "        "   "     "    */
$=hailstone(x) /*▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒task 1▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒*/ say x ' has a hailstone sequence of ' words($)
say      '    and starts with: '                 subword($, 1, 4) " ∙∙∙" say ' and ends with: ∙∙∙' subword($, max(5, words($)-3)) if y==0 then exit /*▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒task 2▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒*/ say w=0; do j=1 for y /*traipse through the range of numbers.*/ call hailstone j /*compute the hailstone sequence for J.*/ if #hs<=w then iterate /*Not big 'nuff? Then keep traipsing.*/ bigJ=j; w=#hs /*remember what # has biggest hailstone*/ end /*j*/ say '(between 1 ──►' y") " bigJ ' has the longest hailstone sequence: ' w exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ hailstone: procedure expose #hs; parse arg n 1 s /*N and S: are set to the 1st argument.*/ do #hs=1 while n\==1 /*keep loop while N isn't unity. */ if n//2 then n=n*3 + 1 /*N is odd ? Then calculate 3*n + 1 */ else n=n%2 /*" " even? Then calculate fast ÷ */ s=s n /* [↑] % is REXX integer division. */ end /*#hs*/ /* [↑] append N to the sequence list*/ return s /*return the S string to the invoker.*/  '''output''' when using the default inputs: txt 27 has a hailstone sequence of 112 and starts with: 27 82 41 124 ∙∙∙ and ends with: ∙∙∙ 8 4 2 1 (between 1 ──► 99999) 77031 has the longest hailstone sequence: 351  ### optimized This version is over fifteen times faster than the previous (unoptimized) version. It makes use of: ::::* previously calculated Collatz sequences (memoization) ::::* a faster method of determining if an integer is even REXX /*REXX program tests a number and also a range for hailstone (Collatz) sequences. */ !.=0; !.0=1; !.2=1; !.4=1; !.6=1; !.8=1 /*assign even numerals to be "true". */ numeric digits 20; @.=0 /*handle big numbers; initialize array.*/ parse arg x y z .; !.h=y /*get optional arguments from the C.L. */ if x=='' | x=="," then x= 27 /*No 1st argument? Then use default.*/ if y=='' | y=="," then y=100000 - 1 /* " 2nd " " " " */ if z=='' | z=="," then z= 12 /*head/tail number? " " " */ hm=max(y, 40000) /*use memoization (maximum num for @.)*/$=hailstone(x)      /*▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒task 1▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒*/
say  x   ' has a hailstone sequence of '         words($) say ' and starts with: ' subword($, 1, z)    " ∙∙∙"
say      '    and  ends  with:  ∙∙∙'             subword($, max(z+1, words($)-z+1))
if y==0  then exit  /*▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒task 2▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒*/
say
w=0;         do j=1  for y;  $=hailstone(j) /*traipse through the range of numbers.*/ #hs=words($)                        /*find the length of the hailstone seq.*/
if #hs<=w  then iterate             /*Not big enough?  Then keep traipsing.*/
bigJ=j;    w=#hs                    /*remember what # has biggest hailstone*/
end   /*j*/
say '(between 1 ──►'   y") "        bigJ       ' has the longest hailstone sequence: '   w
exit                                             /*stick a fork in it,  we're all done. */
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
hailstone: procedure expose @. !. hm;  parse arg n 1 s 1 o,@.1  /*N,S,O: are the 1st arg*/
do  while @.n==0          /*loop while the residual is unknown.  */
parse var  n  ''  -1  L   /*extract the last decimal digit of  N.*/
if !.L  then n=n%2        /*N is even?   Then calculate  fast ÷  */
else n=n*3 + 1    /*"  " odd ?     "      "      3*n + 1 */
s=s  n                    /* [↑]  %: is the REXX integer division*/
end   /*while*/           /* [↑]  append  N  to the sequence list*/
s=s  @.n                              /*append the number to a sequence list.*/
@.o=subword(s, 2);    parse var s _ r /*use memoization for this hailstone #.*/
do  while r\=='';  parse var r _ r /*obtain the next  hailstone sequence. */
if @._\==0  then leave             /*Was number already found?  Return  S.*/
if _>hm     then iterate           /*Is  number  out of range?  Ignore it.*/
@._=r                              /*assign subsequence number to array.  */
end   /*while*/
return s


{{out|output|text=  when using the default inputs:}}

txt

27  has a hailstone sequence of  112
and starts with:  27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107  ∙∙∙
and  ends  with:  ∙∙∙ 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1

(between 1─► 99999)  77031  has the longest hailstone sequence:  351



'''output'''   when using the inputs:    ,   1000000

txt

27  has a hailstone sequence of  112
and starts with:  27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107  ∙∙∙
and  ends  with:  ∙∙∙ 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1

(between 1 ──► 1000000)  837799  has the longest hailstone sequence:  525



## Ring

ring

size = 27
aList = []
hailstone(size)

func hailstone n
while n != 1
if n % 2 = 0  n = n / 2
else n = 3 * n + 1 ok
end
see "first 4 elements : "
for i = 1 to 4
see "" + aList[i]  + " "
next
see nl
see "last 4 elements : "
for i = len(aList) - 3 to len(aList)
see "" + aList[i] + " "
next



## Ruby

This program uses new methods (Integer#even? and Enumerable#max_by) from Ruby 1.8.7.
{{works with|Ruby|1.8.7}}

ruby
def hailstone n
seq = [n]
until n == 1
n = (n.even?) ? (n / 2) : (3 * n + 1)
seq << n
end
seq
end

puts "for n = 27, show sequence length and first and last 4 elements"
hs27 = hailstone 27
p [hs27.length, hs27[0..3], hs27[-4..-1]]

# find the longest sequence among n less than 100,000
n = (1 ... 100_000).max_by{|n| hailstone(n).length}
puts "#{n} has a hailstone sequence length of #{hailstone(n).length}"
puts "the largest number in that sequence is #{hailstone(n).max}"


{{out}}

txt

for n = 27, show sequence length and first and last 4 elements
[112, [27, 82, 41, 124], [8, 4, 2, 1]]
77031 has a hailstone sequence length of 351
the largest number in that sequence is 21933016



###  With shared structure

This version builds some linked lists with shared structure. ''Hailstone::ListNode'' is an adaptation of ListNode from [[Singly-linked list/Element definition#Ruby]].
When two sequences contain the same value, those two lists share a tail.
This avoids recomputing the end of the sequence.
{{works with|Ruby|1.8.7}}

ruby
module Hailstone
ListNode = Struct.new(:value, :size, :succ) do
def each
node = self
while node
yield node.value
node = node.succ
end
end
end

@@sequence = {1 => ListNode[1,1]}

module_function

def sequence(n)
unless @@sequence[n]
m, ary = n, []
until succ = @@sequence[m]
ary << m
m = m.even? ? (m / 2) : (3 * m + 1)
end
ary.reverse_each do |m|
@@sequence[m] = succ = ListNode[m, succ.size + 1, succ]
end
end
@@sequence[n]
end
end

puts "for n = 27, show sequence length and first and last 4 elements"
hs27 = Hailstone.sequence(27).entries
p [hs27.size, hs27[0..3], hs27[-4..-1]]

# find the longest sequence among n less than 100,000
n = (1 ... 100_000).max_by{|n| Hailstone.sequence(n).size}
puts "#{n} has a hailstone sequence length of #{Hailstone.sequence(n).size}"
puts "the largest number in that sequence is #{Hailstone.sequence(n).max}"


output is the same as the above.

## Rust

rust
fn hailstone(start : u32) -> Vec {
let mut res = Vec::new();
let mut next = start;

res.push(start);

while next != 1  {
next = if next % 2 == 0 { next/2 } else { 3*next+1 };
res.push(next);
}
res
}

fn main() {
let test_num = 27;
let test_hailseq = hailstone(test_num);

println!("For {} number of elements is {} ", test_num, test_hailseq.len());

let fst_slice = test_hailseq[0..4].iter()
.fold("".to_owned(), |acc, i| { acc + &*(i.to_string()).to_owned() + ", " });
let last_slice = test_hailseq[test_hailseq.len()-4..].iter()
.fold("".to_owned(), |acc, i| { acc + &*(i.to_string()).to_owned() + ", " });

println!("  hailstone starting with {} ending with {} ", fst_slice, last_slice);

let max_range = 100000;
let mut max_len = 0;
let mut max_seed = 0;
for i_seed in 1..max_range {
let i_len = hailstone(i_seed).len();

if i_len > max_len {
max_len = i_len;
max_seed = i_seed;
}
}
println!("Longest sequence is {} element long for seed {}", max_len, max_seed);
}


{{out}}

txt
For 27 number of elements is 112
hailstone starting with 27, 82, 41, 124,  ending with 8, 4, 2, 1,
Longest sequence is 351 element long for seed 77031


% lst=1, return list of elements; lst=0 just return length
define hailstone(n, lst)
{
variable l;
if (lst) l = {n};
else l = 1;

while (n > 1) {
if (n mod 2)
n = 3 * n + 1;
else
n /= 2;
if (lst)
list_append(l, n);
else
l++;
% if (prn) () = printf("%d, ", n);
}
% if (prn) () = printf("\n");
return l;
}

variable har = list_to_array(hailstone(27, 1)), more = 0;
() = printf("Hailstone(27) has %d elements starting with:\n\t", length(har));

foreach $1 (har[[0:3]]) () = printf("%d, ",$1);

() = printf("\nand ending with:\n\t");
foreach $1 (har[[length(har)-4:]]) { if (more) () = printf(", "); more = printf("%d",$1);
}

() = printf("\ncalculating...\r");
variable longest, longlen = 0, h;
_for $1 (2, 99999, 1) {$2 = hailstone($1, 0); if ($2 > longlen) {
longest = $1; longlen =$2;
() = printf("longest sequence started w/%d and had %d elements  \r", longest, longlen);
}
}
() = printf("\n");


{{out}}

txt
Hailstone(27) has 112 elements starting with:
27, 82, 41, 124,
and ending with:
8, 4, 2, 1
longest sequence started w/77031 and had 351 elements


## SAS

SAS

* Create a routine to generate the hailstone sequence for one number;
%macro gen_seq(n);
data hailstone;
array hs_seq(100000);
n=&n;
do until (n=1);
seq_size + 1;
hs_seq(seq_size) = n;
if mod(n,2)=0 then n=n/2;
else n=(3*n)+1;
end;
seq_size + 1;
hs_seq(seq_size)=n;
call symputx('seq_length',seq_size);
run;

proc sql;
title "First and last elements of Hailstone Sequence for number &n";
select seq_size as sequence_length, hs_seq1, hs_seq2, hs_seq3, hs_seq4
%do i=&seq_length-3 %to &seq_length;
, hs_seq&i
%end;
from hailstone;
quit;
%mend;

* Use the routine to output the first and last four numbers in the sequence for 27;
%gen_seq(27);

* Show the number less than 100,000 which has the longest hailstone sequence, and what that length is ;
%macro longest_hailstone(start_num, end_num);
data hailstone_analysis;
do start=&start_num to &end_num;
n=start;
length_of_sequence=1;
do while (n>1);
length_of_sequence+1;
if mod(n,2)=0 then n=n/2;
else n=(3*n) + 1;
end;
output;
end;
run;

proc sort data=hailstone_analysis;
by descending length_of_sequence;
run;

proc print data=hailstone_analysis (obs=1) noobs;
title "Number from &start_num to &end_num with longest Hailstone sequence";
var start length_of_sequence;
run;
%mend;
%longest_hailstone(1,99999);



{{out}}

txt

First and last elements of Hailstone Sequence for number 27
sequence_
length   hs_seq1   hs_seq2   hs_seq3   hs_seq4  hs_seq109  hs_seq110  hs_seq111  hs_seq112
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
112        27        82        41       124          8          4          2          1

Number from 1 to 99999 with longest Hailstone sequence
length_of_
start     sequence
77031        351



## Scala

{{works with|Scala|2.10.2}}

Scala
object HailstoneSequence extends App {
def hailstone(n: Int): Stream[Int] =
n #:: (if (n == 1) Stream.empty else hailstone(if (n % 2 == 0) n / 2 else n * 3 + 1))

val collatz = hailstone(nr)
println(s"Use the routine to show that the hailstone sequence for the number: $nr.") println(collatz.toList) println(s"It has${collatz.length} elements.")
println
println(
"Compute the number < 100,000, which has the longest hailstone sequence with that sequence's length.")
val (n, len) = (1 until 100000).map(n => (n, hailstone(n).length)).maxBy(_._2)
println(s"Longest hailstone sequence length= $len occurring with number$n.")
}


{{Out}}

txt
Use the routine to show that the hailstone sequence for the number: 27.
List(27, 82, 41, 124, 62, 31, 94, 47, 142, 71, 214, 107, 322, 161, 484, 242, 121, 364, 182, 91, 274, 137, 412, 206, 103, 310, 155, 466, 233, 700, 350, 175, 526, 263, 790, 395, 1186, 593, 1780, 890, 445, 1336, 668, 334, 167, 502, 251, 754, 377, 1132, 566, 283, 850, 425, 1276, 638, 319, 958, 479, 1438, 719, 2158, 1079, 3238, 1619, 4858, 2429, 7288, 3644, 1822, 911, 2734, 1367, 4102, 2051, 6154, 3077, 9232, 4616, 2308, 1154, 577, 1732, 866, 433, 1300, 650, 325, 976, 488, 244, 122, 61, 184, 92, 46, 23, 70, 35, 106, 53, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1)
It has 112 elements.

Compute the number < 100,000, which has the longest hailstone sequence with that sequence's length.
Longest hailstone sequence length= 351 occurring with number 77031.


## Scheme

scheme
(define (collatz n)
(if (= n 1) '(1)
(cons n (collatz (if (even? n) (/ n 2) (+ 1 (* 3 n)))))))

(define (collatz-length n)
(let aux ((n n) (r 1)) (if (= n 1) r
(aux (if (even? n) (/ n 2) (+ 1 (* 3 n))) (+ r 1)))))

(define (collatz-max a b)
(let aux ((i a) (j 0) (k 0))
(if (> i b) (list j k)
(let ((h (collatz-length i)))
(if (> h k) (aux (+ i 1) i h) (aux (+ i 1) j k))))))

(collatz 27)
; (27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182
; 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395
; 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283
; 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429
; 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154
; 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35
; 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1)

(collatz-length 27)
; 112

(collatz-max 1 100000)
; (77031 351)


## Scilab

{{trans|MATLAB}}
function x=hailstone(n)
// iterative definition
// usage: global verbose; verbose=%T; hailstone(27)
global verbose
x=0; loop=%T
while(loop)
x=x+1
if verbose then
printf('%i ',n)
end
if n==1 then
loop=%F
elseif modulo(n,2)==1 then
n=3*n+1
else
n=n/2
end
end
endfunction

global verbose;
verbose=1;
N=hailstone(27);
printf('\n\n%i\n',N);

global verbose;
verbose=0;
N=100000;
M=zeros(N,1);
for k=1:N
M(k)=hailstone(k);
end;
[maxLength,n]=max(M)


{{out}}

txt
27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1
112
n  =      77031.
maxLength  =      351.


## Seed7

seed7
$include "seed7_05.s7i"; const func array integer: hailstone (in var integer: n) is func result var array integer: hSequence is 0 times 0; begin while n <> 1 do hSequence &:= n; if odd(n) then n := 3 * n + 1; else n := n div 2; end if; end while; hSequence &:= n; end func; const func integer: hailstoneSequenceLength (in var integer: n) is func result var integer: sequenceLength is 1; begin while n <> 1 do incr(sequenceLength); if odd(n) then n := 3 * n + 1; else n := n div 2; end if; end while; end func; const proc: main is func local var integer: number is 0; var integer: length is 0; var integer: maxLength is 0; var integer: numberOfMaxLength is 0; var array integer: h27 is 0 times 0; begin for number range 1 to 99999 do length := hailstoneSequenceLength(number); if length > maxLength then maxLength := length; numberOfMaxLength := number; end if; end for; h27 := hailstone(27); writeln("hailstone(27):"); for number range 1 to 4 do write(h27[number] <& ", "); end for; write("...."); for number range length(h27) -3 to length(h27) do write(", " <& h27[number]); end for; writeln(" length=" <& length(h27)); writeln("Maximum length " <& maxLength <& " at number=" <& numberOfMaxLength); end func;  {{out}} txt hailstone(27): 27, 82, 41, 124, ...., 8, 4, 2, 1 length=112 Maximum length 351 at number=77031  ## Sidef ruby func hailstone (n) { var sequence = [n] while (n > 1) { sequence << ( n.is_even ? n.div!(2) : n.mul!(3).add!(1) ) } return(sequence) } # The hailstone sequence for the number 27 var arr = hailstone(var nr = 27) say "#{nr}: #{arr.first(4)} ... #{arr.last(4)} (#{arr.len})" # The longest hailstone sequence for a number less than 100,000 var h = [0, 0] for i (1 .. 99_999) { (var l = hailstone(i).len) > h[1] && ( h = [i, l] ) } printf("%d: (%d)\n", h...)  ## Smalltalk {{works with|GNU Smalltalk}} smalltalk Object subclass: Sequences [ Sequences class >> hailstone: n [ |seq| seq := OrderedCollection new. seq add: n. (n = 1) ifTrue: [ ^seq ]. (n even) ifTrue: [ seq addAll: (Sequences hailstone: (n / 2)) ] ifFalse: [ seq addAll: (Sequences hailstone: ( (3*n) + 1 ) ) ]. ^seq. ] Sequences class >> hailstoneCount: n [ ^ (Sequences hailstoneCount: n num: 1) ] "this 'version' avoids storing the sequence, it just counts its length - no memoization anyway" Sequences class >> hailstoneCount: n num: m [ (n = 1) ifTrue: [ ^m ]. (n even) ifTrue: [ ^ Sequences hailstoneCount: (n / 2) num: (m + 1) ] ifFalse: [ ^ Sequences hailstoneCount: ( (3*n) + 1) num: (m + 1) ]. ] ].  smalltalk |r| r := Sequences hailstone: 27. "hailstone 'from' 27" (r size) displayNl. "its length" "test 'head' ..." ( (r first: 4) = #( 27 82 41 124 ) asOrderedCollection ) displayNl. "... and 'tail'" ( ( (r last: 4 ) ) = #( 8 4 2 1 ) asOrderedCollection) displayNl. |longest| longest := OrderedCollection from: #( 1 1 ). 2 to: 100000 do: [ :c | |l| l := Sequences hailstoneCount: c. (l > (longest at: 2) ) ifTrue: [ longest replaceFrom: 1 to: 2 with: { c . l } ]. ]. ('Sequence generator %1, sequence length %2' % { (longest at: 1) . (longest at: 2) }) displayNl.  ## SNUSP txt /@+@@@+++# 27 | halve odd /===count<<\ /recurse\ #/?\ zero$>@/===!/===-?\==>?!/-<+++\    \!/=!\@\>?!\@/<@\.!\-/
/+<-\!>\?-<+>/++++<\?>+++/*6+4  |    |   \=/  \=itoa=@@@+@+++++#
\=>?/<=!=\   |                  |    !     /+ !/+ !/+ !/+   \    mod10
|//!==/
### ==
\         |    /<+> -\!?-\!?-\!?-\!?-\!
/=>?\<=/\<+>!\->+>+<>=print@/\ln \?!\-?!\-?!\-?!\-?!\-?/\    div10
\+<-/!<     ----------.++++++++++/      #  +/! +/! +/! +/! +/



## Swift

Swift

func hailstone(var n:Int) -> [Int] {

var arr = [n]

while n != 1 {

if n % 2 == 0 {
n /= 2
} else {
n = (3 * n) + 1
}

arr.append(n)
}

return arr
}

let n = hailstone(27)

println("hailstone(27): \(n[0...3]) ... \(n[n.count-4...n.count-1]) for a count of \(n.count).")

var longest = (n: 1, len: 1)

for i in 1...100_000 {

let new = hailstone(i)

if new.count > longest.len {
longest = (i, new.count)
}
}

println("Longest sequence for numbers under 100,000 is with \(longest.n). Which has \(longest.len) items.")


{{out}}

txt

hailstone(27): [27, 82, 41, 124] ... [8, 4, 2, 1] for a count of 112
Longest sequence for numbers under 100,000 is with 77031. Which has 351 items.



## Tcl

The core looping structure is an example of an [[Loops/N plus one half|n-plus-one-half loop]], except the loop is officially infinite here.

tcl
proc hailstone n {
while 1 {
lappend seq $n if {$n == 1} {return $seq} set n [expr {$n & 1 ? $n*3+1 :$n/2}]
}
}

set h27 [hailstone 27]
puts "h27 len=[llength $h27]" puts "head4 = [lrange$h27 0 3]"
puts "tail4 = [lrange $h27 end-3 end]" set maxlen [set max 0] for {set i 1} {$i<100000} {incr i} {
set l [llength [hailstone $i]] if {$l>$maxlen} {set maxlen$l;set max $i} } puts "max is$max, with length $maxlen"  {{out}} txt h27 len=112 head4 = 27 82 41 124 tail4 = 8 4 2 1 max is 77031, with length 351  =={{header|TI-83 BASIC}}== ### Task 1 ti83b prompt N N→M: 0→X: 1→L While L=1 X+1→X Disp M If M=1 Then: 0→L Else If remainder(M,2)=1 Then: 3*M+1→M Else: M/2→M End End End {N,X}  {{out}} txt 10 5 16 8 4 2 1 {27,112}  ### Task 2 As the calculator is quite slow, so the output is for N=200 ti83b prompt N 0→A:0→B for(I,1,N) I→M: 0→X: 1→L While L=1 X+1→X If M=1 Then: 0→L Else If remainder(M,2)=1 Then: 3*M+1→M Else: M/2→M End End End If X>B: Then I→A:X→B End Disp {I,X} End {A,B}  {{out}} txt {171,125}  ## TXR txr @(do (defun hailstone (n) (cons n (gen (not (eq n 1)) (set n (if (evenp n) (trunc n 2) (+ (* 3 n) 1))))))) @(next :list @(mapcar* (fun tostring) (hailstone 27))) 27 82 41 124 @(skip) 8 4 2 1 @(eof) @(do (let ((max 0) maxi) (each* ((i (range 1 99999)) (h (mapcar* (fun hailstone) i)) (len (mapcar* (fun length) h))) (if (> len max) (progn (set max len) (set maxi i)))) (format t "longest sequence is ~a for n = ~a\n" max maxi)))  txt$ txr -l hailstone.txr
longest sequence is 351 for n = 77031


## uBasic/4tH

{{Trans|FreeBASIC}}
' ------=< MAIN >=------

m = 0
Proc _hailstone_print(27)
Print

For x = 1 To 10000
n = Func(_hailstone(x))
If n > m Then
t = x
m = n
EndIf
Next

Print  "The longest sequence is for "; t; ", it has a sequence length of "; m

End

_hailstone_print Param (1)
' print the number and sequence

Local (1)
b@ = 1

Print "sequence for number "; a@
Print Using "________"; a@;   'starting number

Do While a@ # 1
If (a@ % 2 ) = 1 Then
a@ = a@ * 3 + 1   ' n * 3 + 1
Else
a@ = a@ / 2       ' n / 2
EndIf

b@ = b@ + 1
Print Using "________"; a@;

If (b@ % 10) = 0 Then Print
Loop

Print : Print
Print "sequence length = "; b@
Print

For b@ = 0 To 79
Print "-";
Next

Print
Return

_hailstone Param (1)
' normal version
' only counts the sequence

Local (1)
b@ = 1

Do While a@ # 1
If (a@ % 2) = 1 Then
a@ = a@ * 3 + 1  ' n * 3 + 1
Else
a@ = a@ / 2      ' divide number by 2
EndIf

b@ = b@ + 1
Loop

Return (b@)


uBasic is an interpreted language. Doing a sequence up to 100,000 would take over an hour, so we did up to 10,000 here.
{{out}}
txt
sequence for number 27
27      82      41     124      62      31      94      47     142      71
214     107     322     161     484     242     121     364     182      91
274     137     412     206     103     310     155     466     233     700
350     175     526     263     790     395    1186     593    1780     890
445    1336     668     334     167     502     251     754     377    1132
566     283     850     425    1276     638     319     958     479    1438
719    2158    1079    3238    1619    4858    2429    7288    3644    1822
911    2734    1367    4102    2051    6154    3077    9232    4616    2308
1154     577    1732     866     433    1300     650     325     976     488
244     122      61     184      92      46      23      70      35     106
53     160      80      40      20      10       5      16       8       4
2       1

sequence length = 112

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The longest sequence is for 6171, it has a sequence length of 262



## UNIX Shell

The best way is to use a shell with built-in arrays and arithmetic, such as Bash.
{{works with|Bash}}

bash
#!/bin/bash
# seq is the array genereated by hailstone
# index is used for seq
declare -a seq
declare -i index

# Create a routine to generate the hailstone sequence for a number
hailstone () {
unset seq index
seq[$((index++))]=$((n=$1)) while [$n -ne 1 ]; do
[ $((n % 2)) -eq 1 ] && ((n=n*3+1)) || ((n=n/2)) seq[$((index++))]=$n done } # Use the routine to show that the hailstone sequence for the number 27 # has 112 elements starting with 27, 82, 41, 124 and ending with 8, 4, 2, 1 i=27 hailstone$i
echo "$i:${#seq[@]}"
echo "${seq[@]:0:4} ...${seq[@]:(-4):4}"

# Show the number less than 100,000 which has the longest hailstone
# sequence together with that sequences length.
# (But don't show the actual sequence)!
max=0
maxlen=0
for ((i=1;i<100000;i++)); do
hailstone $i if [$((len=${#seq[@]})) -gt$maxlen ]; then
max=$i maxlen=$len
fi
done

echo "${max} has a hailstone sequence length of${maxlen}"


{{out}}

txt
27: 112
27 82 41 124 ... 8 4 2 1
77031 has a hailstone sequence of 351


### Bourne Shell

This script follows tradition for the Bourne Shell; its hailstone() function writes the sequence to standard output, so the shell can capture or pipe this output.
This script is '''very slow''' because it forks many processes.
Each command substitution forks a subshell, and each expr(1) command forks a process.

* Therefore, this script only examines sequences '''from 1 to 1000''', not 100000. A fast computer might run this script in 45 to 120 seconds, using most time to run system calls in kernel mode. If the script went to 100000, it would need several hours.

{{works with|Bourne Shell}}

bash
# Outputs a hailstone sequence from $1, with one element per line. # Clobbers$n.
hailstone() {
n=expr "$1" + 0 eval "test$? -lt 2 || return $?" #$n must be integer.

echo $n while test$n -ne 1; do
if expr $n % 2 >/dev/null; then n=expr 3 \*$n + 1
else
n=expr $n / 2 fi echo$n
done
}

set -- hailstone 27
echo "Hailstone sequence from 27 has $# elements:" first="$1, $2,$3, $4" shift expr$# - 4
echo "  $first, ...,$1, $2,$3, $4" i=1 max=0 maxlen=0 while test$i -lt 1000; do
len=hailstone $i | wc -l | tr -d ' ' test$len -gt $maxlen && max=$i maxlen=$len i=expr$i + 1
done
echo "Hailstone sequence from $max has$maxlen elements."


=
## C Shell
=
This script is several times faster than the previous Bourne Shell script, because it uses C Shell expressions, not the expr(1) command.
This script is '''slow''', but it can reach 100000, and a fast computer might run it in less than 15 minutes.

csh
# Outputs a hailstone sequence from !:1, with one element per line.
# Clobbers $n. alias hailstone eval \''@ n = \!:1:q \\ echo$n					\\
while ( $n != 1 ) \\ if ($n % 2 ) then		\\
@ n = 3 * $n + 1 \\ else \\ @ n /= 2 \\ endif \\ echo$n				\\
end					\\
'\'

set sequence=(hailstone 27)
echo "Hailstone sequence from 27 has $#sequence elements:" @ i =$#sequence - 3
echo "  $sequence[1-4] ...$sequence[$i-]" # hailstone-length$i
#   acts like
# @ len = hailstone $i | wc -l | tr -d ' ' # but without forking any subshells. alias hailstone-length eval \''@ n = \!:1:q \\ @ len = 1 \\ while ($n != 1 )			\\
if ( $n % 2 ) then \\ @ n = 3 *$n + 1	\\
else				\\
@ n /= 2		\\
endif				\\
@ len += 1			\\
end					\\
'\'

@ i = 1
@ max = 0
@ maxlen = 0
while ($i < 100000) # XXX - I must run hailstone-length in a subshell, because my # C Shell has a bug when it runs hailstone-length inside this # while ($i < 1000) loop: it forgets about this loop, and
# reports an error <>
@ len = hailstone-length $i; echo$len
if ($len >$maxlen) then
@ max = $i @ maxlen =$len
endif
@ i += 1
end
echo "Hailstone sequence from $max has$maxlen elements."


{{out}}

txt
$csh -f hailstone.csh Hailstone sequence from 27 has 112 elements: 27 82 41 124 ... 8 4 2 1 Hailstone sequence from 77031 has 351 elements.  ## Ursa ### Implementation hailstone.u ursa import "math" def hailstone (int n) decl int<> seq while (> n 1) append n seq if (= (mod n 2) 0) set n (floor (/ n 2)) else set n (int (+ (* 3 n) 1)) end if end while append n seq return seq end hailstone  ### Usage {{out}} txt > import "hailstone.u" > out (hailstone 27) endl console class java.lang.Integer<27, 82, 41, 124, 62, 31, 94, 47, 142, 71, 214, 107, 322, 161, 484, 242, 121, 364, 182, 91, 274, 137, 412, 206, 103, 310, 155, 466, 233, 700, 350, 175, 526, 263, 790, 395, 1186, 593, 1780, 890, 445, 1336, 668, 334, 167, 502, 251, 754, 377, 1132, 566, 283, 850, 425, 1276, 638, 319, 958, 479, 1438, 719, 2158, 1079, 3238, 1619, 4858, 2429, 7288, 3644, 1822, 911, 2734, 1367, 4102, 2051, 6154, 3077, 9232, 4616, 2308, 1154, 577, 1732, 866, 433, 1300, 650, 325, 976, 488, 244, 122, 61, 184, 92, 46, 23, 70, 35, 106, 53, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1> > out (size (hailstone 27)) endl console 112 > decl int i max maxLoc > for (set i 1) (< i 100000) (inc i) .. decl int result .. set result (size (hailstone i)) .. .. if (> result max) .. set max result .. set maxLoc i .. end if ..end for > out "hailstone(" maxLoc ")= " max endl console hailstone(77031)= 351 > _  ## Ursala Ursala #import std #import nat hail = @iNC ~&h~=1->x ^C\~& @h ~&h?\~&t successor+ sum@iNiCX #show+ main = < ^T(@ixX take/$4; %nLP~~lrxPX; ^|TL/~& :/'...',' has length '--@h+ %nP+ length) hail 27,
^|TL(~&,:/' has sequence length ') %nP~~ nleq$^&r ^(~&,length+ hail)* nrange/1 100000>  The hail function computes the sequence as follows. * Given a number as an argument, @iNC makes a list containing only that number before passing it to the rest of the function. The i in the expression stands for the identity function, N for the constant null function, and C for the cons operator. * The iteration combinator (->) is used with a predicate of ~&h~=l which tests the condition that the head (~&h) of its argument is not equal (~=) to 1. Iteration of the rest of the function continues while this predicate holds. * The x suffix says to return the reversal of the list after the iteration finishes. * The function being iterated builds a list using the cons operator (^C) with the identity function (~&) of the argument for the tail, and the result of the rest of the line for the head. * The @h operator says that the function following will be applied to the head of the list. * The conditional operator (?) has the head function (~&h) as its predicate, which tests whether the head of its argument is non-null. * In this case, the argument is a natural number, but naturals are represented as lists of booleans, so taking the head of a number is the same as testing the least significant bit. * If the condition is not met, the number has a 0 least significant bit, and therefore is even. In this case, the conditional predicate calls for taking its tail (~&t), effectively dividing it by 2 using a bit shift. * If the condition is met, the number is odd, so the rest of the function computes the successor of the number multiplied by three. * Rather than multiplying the hard way, the function sum@iNiCX computes the sum of the pair (X) of numbers given by the identity function (i) of the argument, and the doubling of the argument (NiC), also obtained by a bit shift, with a zero bit (N) consed (C) with the identity (i). Most of the main expression pertains to less interesting printing and formatting, but the part that searches for the longest sequence in the range is nleq$^&r ^(~&,length+ hail)* nrange/1 100000.
* The expression nrange/1 100000 evaluates to the list of the first 100000 positive integers.
* The map operator (*) causes a list to be made of the results of its operand applied to each number.
* The operand to the map operator, applied to an individual number in the list, constructs a pair (^) with the identity function (~&) of the number on the left, and the length of the hail sequence on the right.
* The maximizing operator (\$^) with respect to the natural less or equal relation (nleq) applied to the right sides (&r) of its pair of arguments extracts the number with the maximum length sequence.

{{out}}

txt
<27,82,41,124>...<8,4,2,1> has length 112
77031 has sequence length 351


## VBA

{{trans|Phix}}
vb
Private Function hailstone(ByVal n As Long) As Collection
Dim s As New Collection
i = 0
Do While n <> 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
n = n / 2
Else
n = 3 * n + 1
End If
Loop
Set hailstone = s
End Function

Private Function hailstone_count(ByVal n As Long)
Dim count As Long: count = 1
Do While n <> 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
n = n / 2
Else
n = 3 * n + 1
End If
count = count + 1
Loop
hailstone_count = count
End Function

Public Sub rosetta()
Dim s As Collection, i As Long
Set s = hailstone(27)
Dim ls As Integer: ls = s.count
Debug.Print "hailstone(27) = ";
For i = 1 To 4
Debug.Print s(i); ", ";
Next i
Debug.Print "... ";
For i = s.count - 4 To s.count - 1
Debug.Print s(i); ", ";
Next i
Debug.Print s(s.count)
Debug.Print "length ="; ls
Dim hmax As Long: hmax = 1
Dim imax As Long: imax = 1
Dim count As Integer
For i = 2 To 100000# - 1
count = hailstone_count(i)
If count > hmax Then
hmax = count
imax = i
End If
Next i
Debug.Print "The longest hailstone sequence under 100,000 is"; imax; "with"; hmax; "elements."
End Sub

{{out}}
txt
hailstone(27) = 27, 82, 41, 124, ... 16, 8, 4, 2, 1
length = 112
The longest hailstone sequence under 100,000 is 77031 with 351 elements.


## VBScript

vb

'function arguments: "num" is the number to sequence and "return" is the value to return - "s" for the sequence or
'"e" for the number elements.
Function hailstone_sequence(num,return)
n = num
sequence = num
elements = 1
Do Until n = 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
n = n / 2
Else
n = (3 * n) + 1
End If
sequence = sequence & " " & n
elements = elements + 1
Loop
Select Case return
Case "s"
hailstone_sequence = sequence
Case "e"
hailstone_sequence = elements
End Select
End Function

'test driving.
'show sequence for 27
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "Sequence for 27: " & hailstone_sequence(27,"s")
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "Number of Elements: " & hailstone_sequence(27,"e")
WScript.StdOut.WriteBlankLines(1)
'show the number less than 100k with the longest sequence
count = 1
n_elements = 0
n_longest = ""
Do While count < 100000
current_n_elements = hailstone_sequence(count,"e")
If current_n_elements > n_elements Then
n_elements = current_n_elements
n_longest = "Number: " & count & " Length: " & n_elements
End If
count = count + 1
Loop
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "Number less than 100k with the longest sequence: "
WScript.StdOut.WriteLine n_longest



{{Out}}

txt

Sequence for 27: 27 82 41 124 62 31 94 47 142 71 214 107 322 161 484 242 121 364 182 91 274 137 412 206 103 310 155 466 233 700 350 175 526 263 790 395 1186 593 1780 890 445 1336 668 334 167 502 251 754 377 1132 566 283 850 425 1276 638 319 958 479 1438 719 2158 1079 3238 1619 4858 2429 7288 3644 1822 911 2734 1367 4102 2051 6154 3077 9232 4616 2308 1154 577 1732 866 433 1300 650 325 976 488 244 122 61 184 92 46 23 70 35 106 53 160 80 40 20 10 5 16 8 4 2 1
Number of Elements: 112

Number less than 100k with the longest sequence:
Number: 77031 Length: 351



## Visual Basic

{{trans|PL/I}}
{{works with|Visual Basic|VB6 Standard}}

vb
Option Explicit
Dim flag As Boolean ' true to print values
Sub main()
Dim longest As Long, n As Long
Dim i As Long, value As Long
flag = True
i = 27
Debug.Print "The hailstone sequence has length of "; i; " is "; hailstones(i)
flag = False
longest = 0
For i = 1 To 99999
If longest < hailstones(i) Then
longest = hailstones(i)
value = i
End If
Next i
Debug.Print value; " has the longest sequence of "; longest
End Sub 'main
Function hailstones(n As Long) As Long
Dim m As Long, p As Long
Dim m1 As Long, m2 As Long, m3 As Long, m4 As Long
If flag Then Debug.Print "The sequence for"; n; "is: ";
p = 1
m = n
If flag Then Debug.Print m;
While m > 1
p = p + 1
If (m Mod 2) = 0 Then
m = m / 2
Else
m = 3 * m + 1
End If
If p <= 4 Then If flag Then Debug.Print m;
m4 = m3
m3 = m2
m2 = m1
m1 = m
Wend
If flag Then
If p <= 4 Then
Debug.Print
ElseIf p = 5 Then
Debug.Print m1
ElseIf p = 6 Then
Debug.Print m2; m1
ElseIf p = 7 Then
Debug.Print m3; m2; m1
ElseIf p = 8 Then
Debug.Print m4; m3; m2; m1
Else
Debug.Print "..."; m4; m3; m2; m1
End If
End If
hailstones = p
End Function 'hailstones


{{Out}}

txt
The sequence for 27 is:  27  82  41  124 ... 8  4  2  1
The hailstone sequence has length of  27  is  112
77031  has the longest sequence of  351


## Visual Basic .NET

{{works with|Visual Basic .NET|2005+}}

vbnet
Module HailstoneSequence
Sub Main()
' Checking sequence of 27.

Dim l As List(Of Long) = HailstoneSequence(27)
Console.WriteLine("27 has {0} elements in sequence:", l.Count())

For i As Integer = 0 To 3 : Console.Write("{0}, ", l(i)) : Next
Console.Write("... ")
For i As Integer = l.Count - 4 To l.Count - 1 : Console.Write(", {0}", l(i)) : Next

Console.WriteLine()

' Finding longest sequence for numbers below 100000.

Dim max As Integer = 0
Dim maxCount As Integer = 0

For i = 1 To 99999
l = HailstoneSequence(i)
If l.Count > maxCount Then
max = i
maxCount = l.Count
End If
Next
Console.WriteLine("Max elements in sequence for number below 100k: {0} with {1} elements.", max, maxCount)
End Sub

Private Function HailstoneSequence(ByVal n As Long) As List(Of Long)
Dim valList As New List(Of Long)()

Do Until n = 1
n = IIf(n Mod 2 = 0, n / 2, (3 * n) + 1)
Loop

Return valList
End Function

End Module


{{out}}

txt
27 has 112 elements in sequence:
27, 82, 41, 124, ... , 8, 4, 2, 1
Max elements in sequence for number below 100k: 77031 with 351 elements.



## XPL0

XPL0
include c:\cxpl\codes;  \intrinsic 'code' declarations
int Seq(1000);          \more than enough for longest sequence

func Hailstone(N);      \Return length of Hailstone sequence starting at N
int  N;                 \ also fills Seq array with sequence
int  I;
[I:= 0;
loop [Seq(I):= N;  I:= I+1;
if N=1 then return I;
N:= if N&1 then N*3+1 else N/2;
];
];

int N, SN, Len, MaxLen;
[Len:= Hailstone(27);
Text(0, "27's Hailstone length = ");  IntOut(0, Len);  CrLf(0);

Text(0, "Sequence = ");
for N:= 0 to 3 do [IntOut(0, Seq(N));  ChOut(0, ^ )];
Text(0, "... ");
for N:= Len-4 to Len-1 do [IntOut(0, Seq(N));  ChOut(0, ^ )];
CrLf(0);

MaxLen:= 0;
for N:= 1 to 100_000-1 do
[Len:= Hailstone(N);
if Len > MaxLen then [MaxLen:= Len;  SN:= N];       \save N with max length
];
IntOut(0, SN);  Text(0, "'s Hailstone length = ");  IntOut(0, MaxLen);
]


{{out}}

txt

27's Hailstone length = 112
Sequence = 27 82 41 124 ... 8 4 2 1
77031's Hailstone length = 351



## zkl

zkl
fcn collatz(n,z=L()){ z.append(n); if(n==1) return(z);
if(n.isEven) return(self.fcn(n/2,z)); return(self.fcn(n*3+1,z)) }


This uses tail recursion and thus is stack efficient.
{{out}}

txt

var n=collatz(27)
n.len()
112
n[0,4]
L(27,82,41,124)
n[-4,*]
L(8,4,2,1)



Rather than write a function that calculates the length, just roll through all 100,000 sequences and save the largest (length,sequence start) pair. Creating all those Collatz lists isn't quick. This works by using a [mutable] list to hold state as the pump does the basic looping.

zkl
[2..0d100_000].pump(Void,  // loop n from 2 to 100,000
collatz,              // generate Collatz sequence(n)
fcn(c,n){           // if new longest sequence, save length/C, return longest
if(c.len()>n[0]) n.clear(c.len(),c[0]); n}.fp1(L(0,0)))


{{out}}

txt

L(351,77031)  // length, hailstone



## ZX Spectrum Basic

{{trans|BBC_BASIC}}

zxbasic
10 LET n=27: LET s=1
20 GO SUB 1000
30 PRINT '"Sequence length = ";seqlen
40 LET maxlen=0: LET s=0
50 FOR m=2 TO 100000
60 LET n=m
70 GO SUB 1000
80 IF seqlen>maxlen THEN LET maxlen=seqlen: LET maxnum=m
90 NEXT m
100 PRINT "The number with the longest hailstone sequence is ";maxnum
110 PRINT "Its sequence length is ";maxlen
120 STOP
1000 REM Hailstone
1010 LET l=0
1020 IF s THEN PRINT n;"  ";
1030 IF n=1 THEN LET seqlen=l+1: RETURN
1040 IF FN m(n,2)=0 THEN LET n=INT (n/2): GO TO 1060
1050 LET n=3*n+1
1060 LET l=l+1
1070 GO TO 1020
2000 DEF FN m(a,b)=a-INT (a/b)*b


`