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This means it might contain formatting issues, incorrect code, conceptual problems, or other severe issues.
If you want to help to improve and eventually enable this page, please fork RosettaGit's repository and open a merge request on GitHub.
{{task}}
A [[wp:Quine_%28computing%29|Quine]] is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source.
It is named after the [[wp:Willard_Van_Orman_Quine|philosopher and logician]] who studied self-reference and quoting in natural language, as for example in the paradox "'Yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation' yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation."
"Source" has one of two meanings. It can refer to the text-based program source. For languages in which program source is represented as a data structure, "source" may refer to the data structure: quines in these languages fall into two categories: programs which print a textual representation of themselves, or expressions which evaluate to a data structure which is equivalent to that expression.
The usual way to code a Quine works similarly to this paradox: The program consists of two identical parts, once as plain code and once ''quoted'' in some way (for example, as a character string, or a literal data structure). The plain code then accesses the quoted code and prints it out twice, once unquoted and once with the proper quotation marks added. Often, the plain code and the quoted code have to be nested.
;Task: Write a program that outputs its own source code in this way. If the language allows it, you may add a variant that accesses the code directly. You are not allowed to read any external files with the source code. The program should also contain some sort of self-reference, so constant expressions which return their own value which some top-level interpreter will print out. Empty programs producing no output are not allowed.
There are several difficulties that one runs into when writing a quine, mostly dealing with quoting:
- Part of the code usually needs to be stored as a string or structural literal in the language, which needs to be quoted somehow. However, including quotation marks in the string literal itself would be troublesome because it requires them to be escaped, which then necessitates the escaping character (e.g. a backslash) in the string, which itself usually needs to be escaped, and so on. ** Some languages have a function for getting the "source code representation" of a string (i.e. adds quotation marks, etc.); in these languages, this can be used to circumvent the quoting problem. ** Another solution is to construct the quote character from its [[character code]], without having to write the quote character itself. Then the character is inserted into the string at the appropriate places. The ASCII code for double-quote is 34, and for single-quote is 39.
- Newlines in the program may have to be reproduced as newlines in the string, which usually requires some kind of escape sequence (e.g. "\n"). This causes the same problem as above, where the escaping character needs to itself be escaped, etc. ** If the language has a way of getting the "source code representation", it usually handles the escaping of characters, so this is not a problem. ** Some languages allow you to have a string literal that spans multiple lines, which embeds the newlines into the string without escaping. ** Write the entire program on one line, for free-form languages (as you can see for some of the solutions here, they run off the edge of the screen), thus removing the need for newlines. However, this may be unacceptable as some languages require a newline at the end of the file; and otherwise it is still generally good style to have a newline at the end of a file. (The task is not clear on whether a newline is required at the end of the file.) Some languages have a print statement that appends a newline; which solves the newline-at-the-end issue; but others do not.
'''Next to the Quines presented here, many other versions can be found on the [http://www.nyx.net/~gthompso/quine.htm Quine] page.'''
ABAP
I copied one of my examples from http://www.yaabb.de/viewtopic.php?t=44
REPORT R NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING LINE-SIZE 67.
DATA:A(440),B,C,N(3) TYPE N,I TYPE I,S.
A+000 = 'REPORT R NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING LINE-SIZE 6\7.1DATA:A'.
A+055 = '(440),B,C,N(\3) TYPE N,I TYPE I,S.?1DO 440 TIMES.3C = A'.
A+110 = '+I.3IF B = S.5IF C CA `\\\?\1\3\5\7`.7B = C.5ELSEIF C ='.
A+165 = ' `\``.7WRITE ```` NO-GAP.5ELSE.7WRITE C NO-GAP.5ENDIF.3'.
A+220 = 'ELSEIF B = `\\`.5WRITE C NO-GAP.5B = S.3ELSEIF B = `\?`'.
A+275 = '.5DO 8 TIMES.7WRITE:/ `A+` NO-GAP,N,`= ``` NO-GAP,A+N(\'.
A+330 = '5\5) NO-GAP,```.`.7N = N + \5\5.5ENDDO.5B = C.3ELSE.5WR'.
A+385 = 'ITE AT /B C NO-GAP.5B = S.3ENDIF.3I = I + \1.1ENDDO. '.
DO 440 TIMES.
C = A+I.
IF B = S.
IF C CA '\?1357'.
B = C.
ELSEIF C = '`'.
WRITE '''' NO-GAP.
ELSE.
WRITE C NO-GAP.
ENDIF.
ELSEIF B = '\'.
WRITE C NO-GAP.
B = S.
ELSEIF B = '?'.
DO 8 TIMES.
WRITE:/ 'A+' NO-GAP,N,'= ''' NO-GAP,A+N(55) NO-GAP,'''.'.
N = N + 55.
ENDDO.
B = C.
ELSE.
WRITE AT /B C NO-GAP.
B = S.
ENDIF.
I = I + 1.
ENDDO.
Here is another one, requiring SY-SAPRL >= '620':
REPORT R NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.DATA:A TYPE TABLE OF STRING,B(8).APPEND:
`REPORT.FORM F TABLES T.NEW-PAGE LINE-SIZE 78.WRITE:'REPORT R NO',` TO A,
`'STANDARD PAGE HEADING.DATA:A TYPE TABLE OF STRING,B(8).APPEND:'.LOOP` TO A,
`AT T.REPLACE ALL OCCURENCES OF'``' IN T WITH'````'.WRITE:/'``'` TO A,
`NO-GAP,T NO-GAP,'`` TO A,'.ENDLOOP.WRITE:AT 78'.','GENERATE',` TO A,
`'SUBROUTINE POOL A NAME B.PERFORM F IN PROGRAM (B) TABLES A.'.ENDFORM.` TO A.
GENERATE SUBROUTINE POOL A NAME B.PERFORM F IN PROGRAM (B) TABLES A.
Please note that the program still works if you fix the spelling error (s/OCCURENCES/OCCURRENCES/), thus increasing the size of the source code by 1 character.
One more program, created in a 7.0 unicode system, but it should work in any SAP system with SY-SAPRL >= '700', even if you'll have a hard time verifying the correctness just by studying the source code:
REPORT A NO STANDARD
PAGE HEADING
LINE-SIZE
72.DATA:C(33),A LIKE
TABLE OF C,X(3333)
TYPE X,Y TYPE
XSTRING.DEFINE A.X+C
='&1'.C = C + 33.
END-OF-DEFINITION.
DEFINE B.LOOP AT A
INTO C &1 &2.WRITE
/ C.ENDLOOP.
END-OF-DEFINITION.
A FF060201020280003431303300000000AC030000121F9D02BB522ADA69108AA1C7 .
A E8B32FFEC07DD21907936962B28407983089732C8811FC4413FD02A7BFE6690B03 .
A 262F72B38EF69EB6A7A71C9F82CF44CC11469E081F86785777F269DE372CE9EC4B .
A 5E0A24D8224781128E290E1B7A0ECFF423BEDFD316B43B456FE9AD98E1F0401B31 .
A 9E11B3A23F3C865EEB6D028FD532BC69DED831F41DE6F0B59F745E604996373C97 .
A 982A2FA9F6C81A86164CCC98D4CC91D22E89AB9A1CCBEB6A97A839A5602BA26AFE .
A 7791BF4C2A9DBE6866134E093BD82CA291CF2A57EC67E81017384740EB33E6102A .
A 174784531EFEA076A29A7ACAD9EB55CED8316374D3E00D3DEC1CF36E4D4C4EE64E .
A 75B28DB568C195BA3DE92F9CC48AAAAF3A4DD9CC6BE899E27C18A3B66ECBF65093 .
A FFF1168545878AD10C4F075F588821EF947739516EBF7D99F5851D52F629E8D5AC .
A 13EF77291306AA6CABF7B56EC9E273F47997DA3FE146FB2A2C30E3BE22FEA603B4 .
A EDB5FBEE64A7637B35B46DD79491EEC2D1A19B26C0ADAAB2FB39F9050000000000 .
Y = X.IMPORT A = A
FROM DATA BUFFER Y.B
TO 13.C = 0.DO 12
TIMES.WRITE:/'A',
X+C(33),'.'.C = C +
33.ENDDO.B FROM 14.
And a final one (cheating, even though not using READ REPORT), it should work in any SAP system with SY-SAPRL >= '46B':
.REPORT Q NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING LINE-SIZE 72
.DATA QQ(69) OCCURS 0
.DATA Q LIKE QQ WITH HEADER LINE
.APPEND 'SYNTAX-TRACE ON.INCLUDE' TO QQ
.APPEND SY-REPID TO QQ
.APPEND '.' TO QQ
.SYNTAX-CHECK FOR QQ MESSAGE Q LINE Q WORD Q TRACE-TABLE Q
.LOOP AT Q
.CHECK Q(1) = '#'
.Q = Q+5
.IF Q < Q OR SY-SAPRL > '5'
.SPLIT Q AT '' INTO Q Q
.ENDIF
.IF Q < Q OR SY-LINNO < 22
.CHECK Q CA 'Q.' OR Q+4 = 'F'
.ENDIF
.IF Q < Q OR SY-LINNO > 23
.CHECK Q CA '.'
.ENDIF
.CHECK Q(1) NA 'IT+' OR Q+1(1) = 'F'
.WRITE / '.' NO-GAP
.WRITE Q
.ENDLOOP
.WRITE / '.'
.
ACL2
(defun print-quine (quine)
(cw quine quine))
(print-quine
"(defun print-quine (quine)
(cw quine quine))
(print-quine ~x0)~%")
A shorter one:
(let((q"(let((q~x0))(cw q q))"))(cw q q))
Ada
The program text must be in one line.
with Ada.Text_IO;procedure Self is Q:Character:='"';A:String:="with Ada.Text_IO;procedure Self is Q:Character:='';A:String:=;begin Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line(A(1..49)&Q&A(50..61)&Q&A&Q&A(62..A'Last));end Self;";begin Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line(A(1..49)&Q&A(50..61)&Q&A&Q&A(62..A'Last));end Self;
Aime
integer f;
text s, t;
f = 36;
s = "integer f;
text s, t;
f = 36;
s = \"\";
o_text(cut(s, 0, f));
o_text(cut(s, 0, f - 1));
o_etext(cut(s, f - 1, 2));
o_text(cut(s, f + 1, 8888 - f));
o_text(cut(s, f, 8888 - f));
";
o_text(cut(s, 0, f));
o_text(cut(s, 0, f - 1));
o_etext(cut(s, f - 1, 2));
o_text(cut(s, f + 1, 8888 - f));
o_text(cut(s, f, 8888 - f));
ALGOL 68
The following program assumes that the target machine is ASCII, hence the use of character 34 as a double quote.
STRINGa="STRINGa=,q=REPR34;print(a[:8]+q+a+q+a[9:])",q=REPR34;print(a[:8]+q+a+q+a[9:])
The following is a shorter and character set independent - hence portable - implementation.
[]CHARa="[]CHARa="";print(2*a[:9]+2*a[9:])";print(2*a[:9]+2*a[9:])
The original program - from which this is derived - was written by Richard Wendland, who is one of the team who implemented Algol 68 on Honeywell's Multics. [http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1061754&type=pdf The original can be found in Algol Bulletin 46 - 2.1 - Page 5].
Applesoft BASIC
## AutoHotkey
All from http://www.autohotkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=14336:
The "cheating" way:
```AutoHotkey
FileRead, quine, %A_ScriptFullPath%
MsgBox % quine
Another:
D(n, s)
{
global
Loop %n%
{
l := %s%%A_Index%
If l = #
l := "script =" . nl . "( %" . nl . script . nl . ")"
FileAppend %l%%nl%, %A_ScriptDir%\Q.txt
}
}
nl := Chr(13) . Chr(10)
script =
( %
D(n, s)
{
global
Loop %n%
{
l := %s%%A_Index%
If l = #
l := "script =" . nl . "( %" . nl . script . nl . ")"
FileAppend %l%%nl%, %A_ScriptDir%\Q.txt
}
}
nl := Chr(13) . Chr(10)
#
StringSplit q, script, %nl%
D(q0, "q")
)
StringSplit q, script, %nl%
D(q0, "q")
Another:
quote := Chr(34)
sep := Chr(36)
nl := Chr(13) . Chr(10)
script := "quote := Chr(34)$sep := Chr(36)$nl := Chr(13) . Chr(10)$script := #$s := script$StringReplace script, script, %sep%, %nl%, All$StringReplace script, script, #, %quote%%s%%quote%$FileAppend %script%, %A_ScriptDir%\Q.txt"
s := script
StringReplace script, script, %sep%, %nl%, All
StringReplace script, script, #, %quote%%s%%quote%
FileAppend %script%, %A_ScriptDir%\Q.txt
FileCopy, %A_ScriptFullPath%, %A_ScriptDir%\Copy-Of--%A_ScriptName%
AWK
version 1
BEGIN{c="BEGIN{c=%c%s%c;printf(c,34,c,34);}";printf(c,34,c,34);}
version 2
BEGIN{c="BEGIN{c=%c%s%c;printf c,34,c,34}";printf c,34,c,34}
Babel
Demonstrating from the commandline:
% bin/babel quine.sp
{ "{ '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << ' }' << } !" { '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << '}' << } ! }%
%
% cat quine.sp
{ "{ '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << ' }' << } !" { '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << '}' << } ! }%
%
Demonstrating in interactive mode:
% bin/babel
babel> { "{ '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << ' }' << } !" { '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << '}' << } ! }
babel> eval
{ "{ '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << ' }' << } !" { '{ ' << dup [val 0x22 0xffffff00 ] dup <- << << -> << ' ' << << '
}' << } !}babel>
babel>
BASIC
{{header|ZX Spectrum Basic}}
For dialects of BASIC that include the LIST command, Quines are trivial.
For dialects that include the <code>DATA</code> keyword, it is almost as easy.
{{works with|QBasic}}
```qbasic
READ d$
DO
READ x$
PRINT x$
LOOP UNTIL LEN(x$) < 1
RESTORE
DO
READ x$
PRINT d$; CHR$(34); x$; CHR$(34)
LOOP UNTIL LEN(x$) < 1
END
DATA "DATA "
DATA "READ d$"
DATA "DO"
DATA " READ x$"
DATA " PRINT x$"
DATA "LOOP UNTIL LEN(x$) < 1"
DATA "RESTORE"
DATA "DO"
DATA " READ x$"
DATA " PRINT d$; CHR$(34); x$; CHR$(34)"
DATA "LOOP UNTIL LEN(x$) < 1"
DATA "END"
DATA ""
=
BaCon
=
?SOURCE$;
or more in line with the task description
a$=SOURCE$:?a$;
{{out}}
prompt$ echo -n 'a$=SOURCE$:?a$;' > quine.bac
prompt$ bacon -q quine.bac
Converting 'quine.bac'... done, 0 lines were processed in 0.005 seconds.
Compiling 'quine.bac'... cc -c quine.bac.c
cc -o quine quine.bac.o -lbacon -lm
Done, program 'quine' ready.
prompt$ ./quine
a$=SOURCE$:?a$;prompt$
If the source file ends in a newline it will work just as well, the newline will be part of the quine.
And one that is a little less cheaty and a little more meaty:
s$="s$=%c%s%c:?34,s$,34 FORMAT s$":?34,s$,34 FORMAT s$
{{out}}
prompt$ ./quine2
s$="s$=%c%s%c:?34,s$,34 FORMAT s$":?34,s$,34 FORMAT s$prompt$
=
Sinclair ZX81 BASIC
=
We can of course do it trivially with 10 LIST; but, if that feels like cheating, we can also PEEK the source code out of memory and print it.
Works with 1k of RAM.
10 LET L$="10"
20 LET I=VAL "16512"
30 PRINT TAB (VAL "4"-LEN L$);L$;
40 LET I=I+VAL "1"
50 LET C=PEEK I
60 IF C=VAL "118" THEN GOTO VAL "90"
70 PRINT CHR$ C;
80 GOTO VAL "40"
90 PRINT
100 LET L$=STR$ (VAL L$+VAL "10")
110 LET I=I+VAL "4"
120 IF VAL L$<=VAL "120" THEN GOTO VAL "30"
{{out}} Exactly the same.
A couple of notes on how it works:
(1) all the numbers in the source code are dressed up as strings, so that the interpreter does not parse them as numbers and include their floating-point representation in the tokenized source;
(2) when the system lists a program, it allocates four columns for the line number—we replicate this behaviour;
(3) character 118 is the new line character.
bash
mapfile < $0
printf "%s" ${MAPFILE[@]}
history | tail -n 1 | cut -c 8-
Batch File
@type %0
For Windows 2000 and later only:
@type "%~f0"
BBC BASIC
{{works with|BBC BASIC for Windows}}
PRINT $(PAGE+22)$(PAGE+21):REM PRINT $(PAGE+22)$(PAGE+21):REM
{{works with|ARM BBC BASIC}}
PRINT $(PAGE+23)$(PAGE+22):REM PRINT $(PAGE+23)$(PAGE+22):REM
beeswax
Instruction pointers in beeswax programs can drop values in their own source code (growing the program space, if necessary), or pick up values from everywhere in the source code.
_4~++~+.@1~0@D@1J
or
*4~++~+.@1~0@D@1J
The instruction pointer starts at the left, travels to the right, and at instruction D the IP drops the current value at the top of its own stack—96, or ASCII value for ` —left of the source code, which changes the program to:
`_4~++~+.@1~0@D@1J
or
`*4~++~+.@1~0@D@1J
respectively.
Arriving at instruction J (jump) the instruction pointer jumps to the newly dropped instruction, which switches the IP to print out mode, and it outputs every encountered symbol or value to STDOUT until it encounters the next ` or the program ends.
A version that does not modify itself:
`_4~++~+.}1fJ
Befunge
The code space is also the data space of a Befunge program. Programs can be read and modified on the fly. This quine works by reading and printing each character of the source. (This is a implicit loop, since the Befunge codespace wraps around.)
:0g,:66+`#@_1+
Bob
c=","; n="\n"; q="\""; s="\\";
v=\[
"c=\",\"; n=\"\\n\"; q=\"\\\"\"; s=\"\\\\\";",
"v=\\[",
"define prtQuote(str) {",
" local j,t,v;",
" stdout.Display(q);",
" for (j=0; j<str.size; j++) {",
" t = str.Substring(j,1);",
" if (t==q) { stdout.Display(s); }",
" if (t==s) { stdout.Display(s); }",
" stdout.Display(t);",
" }",
" stdout.Display(q);",
"}",
"for(i=0; i<2; i++){ stdout.Display(v[i]); stdout.Display(n); }",
"for(i=0; i<v.size-1; i++){ prtQuote(v[i]); stdout.Display(c); stdout.Display(n); }",
"prtQuote(v[v.size-1]); stdout.Display(n);",
"stdout.Display(v[v.size-1]); stdout.Display(n);",
"for(i=2; i<v.size-1; i++){ stdout.Display(v[i]); stdout.Display(n); }",
"];"
];
define prtQuote(str) {
local j,t,v;
stdout.Display(q);
for (j=0; j<str.size; j++) {
t = str.Substring(j,1);
if (t==q) { stdout.Display(s); }
if (t==s) { stdout.Display(s); }
stdout.Display(t);
}
stdout.Display(q);
}
for(i=0; i<2; i++){ stdout.Display(v[i]); stdout.Display(n); }
for(i=0; i<v.size-1; i++){ prtQuote(v[i]); stdout.Display(c); stdout.Display(n); }
prtQuote(v[v.size-1]); stdout.Display(n);
stdout.Display(v[v.size-1]); stdout.Display(n);
for(i=2; i<v.size-1; i++){ stdout.Display(v[i]); stdout.Display(n); }
Bob is a dynamic object-oriented language with syntax similar to C/C++, Java, and JavaScript. Bob was created by David Betz, a former technical editor for DDJ, and the author of XLisp and XScheme, among other languages.
quine$
=={{header|Brainfuck}}==
->+>+++>>+>++>+>+++>>+>++>>>+>+>+>++>+>>>>+++>+>>++>+>+++>>++>++>>+>>+>++>++>+>>>>+++>+>>>>++>++>>>>+>>++>+>+++>>>++>>++++++>>+>>++>
+>>>>+++>>+++++>>+>+++>>>++>>++>>+>>++>+>+++>>>++>>+++++++++++++>>+>>++>+>+++>+>+++>>>++>>++++>>+>>++>+>>>>+++>>+++++>>>>++>>>>+>+>+
+>>+++>+>>>>+++>+>>>>+++>+>>>>+++>>++>++>+>+++>+>++>++>>>>>>++>+>+++>>>>>+++>>>++>+>+++>+>+>++>>>>>>++>>>+>>>++>+>>>>+++>+>>>+>>++>+
>++++++++++++++++++>>>>+>+>>>+>>++>+>+++>>>++>>++++++++>>+>>++>+>>>>+++>>++++++>>>+>++>>+++>+>+>++>+>+++>>>>>+++>>>+>+>>++>+>+++>>>+
+>>++++++++>>+>>++>+>>>>+++>>++++>>+>+++>>>>>>++>+>+++>>+>++>>>>+>+>++>+>>>>+++>>+++>>>+[[->>+<<]<+]+++++[->+++++++++<]>.[+]>>
[<<+++++++[->+++++++++<]>-.------------------->-[-<.<+>>]<[+]<+>>>]<<<[-[-[-[>>+<++++++[->+++++<]]>++++++++++++++<]>+++<]++++++
[->+++++++<]>+<<<-[->>>++<<<]>[->>.<<]<<]
Burlesque
Using the official interpreter:
blsq ) "I'm a quine."
"I'm a quine."
Every string, every number, every block is a quine.
C
#include <stdio.h>
static char sym[] = "\n\t\\\"";
int main(void) {
const char *code = "#include <stdio.h>%c%cstatic char sym[] = %c%cn%ct%c%c%c%c%c;%c%cint main(void) {%c%cconst char *code = %c%s%c;%c%cprintf(code, sym[0], sym[0], sym[3], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[3], sym[3], sym[0], sym[0], sym[0], sym[1], sym[3], code, sym[3], sym[0], sym[1], sym[0], sym[0], sym[1], sym[0], sym[0]);%c%c%creturn 0;%c}%c";
printf(code, sym[0], sym[0], sym[3], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[2], sym[3], sym[3], sym[0], sym[0], sym[0], sym[1], sym[3], code, sym[3], sym[0], sym[1], sym[0], sym[0], sym[1], sym[0], sym[0]);
return 0;
}
Shorter version
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){char*c="#include <stdio.h>%cint main(){char*c=%c%s%c;printf(c,10,34,c,34,10);return 0;}%c";printf(c,10,34,c,34,10);return 0;}
C#
class Program { static void Main() { var s = "class Program {{ static void Main() {{ var s = {0}{1}{0}; System.Console.WriteLine(s, (char)34, s); }} }}"; System.Console.WriteLine(s, (char)34, s); } }
C++
#include <cstdio>
int main(){char n[]=R"(#include<cstdio>
int main(){char n[]=R"(%s%c";printf(n,n,41);})";printf(n,n,41);}
C1R
The C1R compiler usually copies C solutions from tasks at Rosetta Code. The Quine task is an exception; it gets special treatment in the C1R compiler.
Quine
Ceylon
shared void run() {print(let (x = """shared void run() {print(let (x = $) x.replaceFirst("$", "\"\"\"" + x + "\"\"\""));}""") x.replaceFirst("$", "\"\"\"" + x + "\"\"\""));}
Clojure
((fn [x] (list x (list (quote quote) x))) (quote (fn [x] (list x (list (quote quote) x)))))
A shorter but less interesting version:
(#(print (str "(#" % " '" % ")")) '(print (str "(#" % " '" % ")")))
COBOL
Here is one that works with GnuCOBOL, December 2015, by Simon Sobisch, tweaked by Bill Woodger.
One line, 150 characters. Some warnings regarding relaxed syntax assumptions when compiled with
cobc -x -free -frelax quine.cob
linkage section. 78 c value "display 'linkage section. 78 c value ' x'22' c x'222e20' c.". display 'linkage section. 78 c value ' x'22' c x'222e20' c.
The following two quines were in a gray past (around 2004?) posted to the (currently inaccessible) language forum of the [http://mvshelp.net/vbforums/ mvsHelp Boards]
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. GRICE.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
CONFIGURATION SECTION.
SPECIAL-NAMES.
SYMBOLIC CHARACTERS FULL-STOP IS 76.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT OUTPUT-FILE ASSIGN TO OUTPUT1.
DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD OUTPUT-FILE
RECORDING MODE F
LABEL RECORDS OMITTED.
01 OUTPUT-RECORD PIC X(80).
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 SUB-X PIC S9(4) COMP.
01 SOURCE-FACSIMILE-AREA.
02 SOURCE-FACSIMILE-DATA.
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" PROGRAM-ID. GRICE. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ENVIRONMENT DIVISION. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" CONFIGURATION SECTION. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" SPECIAL-NAMES. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" SYMBOLIC CHARACTERS FULL-STOP".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" IS 76. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" FILE-CONTROL. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" SELECT OUTPUT-FILE ASSIGN TO ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
"OUTPUT1. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" DATA DIVISION. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" FILE SECTION. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" FD OUTPUT-FILE ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" RECORDING MODE F ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" LABEL RECORDS OMITTED. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 01 OUTPUT-RECORD ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" PIC X(80). ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 01 SUB-X ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" PIC S9(4) COMP. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 01 SOURCE-FACSIMILE-AREA. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 02 SOURCE-FACSIMILE-DATA. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 03 FILLER ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" PIC X(40) VALUE ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 02 SOURCE-FACSIMILE-TABLE RE".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
"DEFINES ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" SOURCE-FACSIMILE-DATA".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
". ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 03 SOURCE-FACSIMILE OCCU".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
"RS 68. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 04 SOURCE-FACSIMILE-".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
"ONE PIC X(40). ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 04 SOURCE-FACSIMILE-".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
"TWO PIC X(40). ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 01 FILLER-IMAGE. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 02 FILLER ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" PIC X(15) VALUE SPACES. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 02 FILLER ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" PIC X VALUE QUOTE. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 02 FILLER-DATA ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" PIC X(40). ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 02 FILLER ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" PIC X VALUE QUOTE. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 02 FILLER ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" PIC X VALUE FULL-STOP. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" 02 FILLER ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" PIC X(22) VALUE SPACES. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" PROCEDURE DIVISION. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MAIN-LINE SECTION. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ML-1. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" OPEN OUTPUT OUTPUT-FILE. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MOVE 1 TO SUB-X. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ML-2. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (SUB-X)".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" TO OUTPUT-RECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" IF SUB-X < 19 ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ADD 1 TO SUB-X ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" GO TO ML-2. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MOVE 1 TO SUB-X. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ML-3. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (20) TO".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" OUTPUT-RECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE-ONE (SU".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
"B-X) TO FILLER-DATA. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MOVE FILLER-IMAGE TO OUTPUT-R".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
"ECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (20) TO".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" OUTPUT-RECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE-TWO (SU".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
"B-X) TO FILLER-DATA. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MOVE FILLER-IMAGE TO OUTPUT-R".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
"ECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" IF SUB-X < 68 ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ADD 1 TO SUB-X ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" GO TO ML-3. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MOVE 21 TO SUB-X. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ML-4. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (SUB-X)".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" TO OUTPUT-RECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" IF SUB-X < 68 ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ADD 1 TO SUB-X ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" GO TO ML-4. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ML-99. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" CLOSE OUTPUT-FILE. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" STOP RUN. ".
03 FILLER PIC X(40) VALUE
" ".
02 SOURCE-FACSIMILE-TABLE REDEFINES
SOURCE-FACSIMILE-DATA.
03 SOURCE-FACSIMILE OCCURS 68.
04 SOURCE-FACSIMILE-ONE PIC X(40).
04 SOURCE-FACSIMILE-TWO PIC X(40).
01 FILLER-IMAGE.
02 FILLER PIC X(15) VALUE SPACES.
02 FILLER PIC X VALUE QUOTE.
02 FILLER-DATA PIC X(40).
02 FILLER PIC X VALUE QUOTE.
02 FILLER PIC X VALUE FULL-STOP.
02 FILLER PIC X(22) VALUE SPACES.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
MAIN-LINE SECTION.
ML-1.
OPEN OUTPUT OUTPUT-FILE.
MOVE 1 TO SUB-X.
ML-2.
MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (SUB-X) TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
IF SUB-X < 19
ADD 1 TO SUB-X
GO TO ML-2.
MOVE 1 TO SUB-X.
ML-3.
MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (20) TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE-ONE (SUB-X) TO FILLER-DATA.
MOVE FILLER-IMAGE TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (20) TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE-TWO (SUB-X) TO FILLER-DATA.
MOVE FILLER-IMAGE TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
IF SUB-X < 68
ADD 1 TO SUB-X
GO TO ML-3.
MOVE 21 TO SUB-X.
ML-4.
MOVE SOURCE-FACSIMILE (SUB-X) TO OUTPUT-RECORD.
WRITE OUTPUT-RECORD.
IF SUB-X < 68
ADD 1 TO SUB-X
GO TO ML-4.
ML-99.
CLOSE OUTPUT-FILE.
STOP RUN.
ID DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. QUINE.
DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
1 X PIC S9(4) COMP.
1 A. 2 B.
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " ID DIVISION. ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " PROGRAM-ID. QUINE. ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " DATA DIVISION. ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " 1 X PIC S9(4) COMP. ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " 1 A. 2 B. ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " 2 T REDEFINES B. 3 TE OCCURS 16. ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE "4 T1 PIC X(40). 4 T2 PIC X(40). ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " 1 F. 2 PIC X(25) VALUE ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE "' 3 PIC X(40) VALUE '. ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " 2 PIC X VALUE QUOTE. 2 FF PIC X(4".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE "0). 2 PIC X VALUE QUOTE. ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " 2 PIC X VALUE '.'. ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " PROCEDURE DIVISION. ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " PERFORM VARYING X FROM 1 BY 1".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " UNTIL X > 6 DISPLAY TE (X) ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " END-PERFORM PERFORM VARYING X".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL X > 16 ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " MOVE T1 (X) TO FF DISPLAY F M".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE "OVE T2 (X) TO FF DISPLAY F ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " END-PERFORM PERFORM VARYING X".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " FROM 7 BY 1 UNTIL X > 16 ".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE " DISPLAY TE (X) END-PERFORM ST".
3 PIC X(40) VALUE "OP RUN. ".
2 T REDEFINES B. 3 TE OCCURS 16. 4 T1 PIC X(40). 4 T2 PIC X(40).
1 F. 2 PIC X(25) VALUE ' 3 PIC X(40) VALUE '.
2 PIC X VALUE QUOTE. 2 FF PIC X(40). 2 PIC X VALUE QUOTE.
2 PIC X VALUE '.'.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PERFORM VARYING X FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL X > 6 DISPLAY TE (X)
END-PERFORM PERFORM VARYING X FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL X > 16
MOVE T1 (X) TO FF DISPLAY F MOVE T2 (X) TO FF DISPLAY F
END-PERFORM PERFORM VARYING X FROM 7 BY 1 UNTIL X > 16
DISPLAY TE (X) END-PERFORM STOP RUN.
An even smaller one could be found of the site of [http://www.tmdg.co.uk/programing/quine.cbl.php Tom Dawes-Gamble], but is reproduced below, as the original seems to have vanished:
Author. Tom Dawes-Gamble. (c) 2000
01 src-lines pic x(768) value
" Author. Tom Dawes-Gamble. (c) 2000
-"01 src-lines pic x(768) value
-"01 sl redefines src-lines pic x(64) occurs 12 indexed by i.
-" Perform varying i from 1 by 1 until i > 2
-" Display ' ' sl(i).
-" Display ' ' quote sl(1).
-" Perform varying i from 2 by 1 until i > 11
-" Display ' ' '-' quote sl(i).
-" Display ' ' '-' quote ' Stop run.' quote '.'.
-" Perform varying i from 3 by 1 until i > 12
-" Display ' ' sl(i).
-" Stop run.".
01 sl redefines src-lines pic x(64) occurs 12 indexed by i.
Perform varying i from 1 by 1 until i > 2
Display ' ' sl(i).
Display ' ' quote sl(1).
Perform varying i from 2 by 1 until i > 11
Display ' ' '-' quote sl(i).
Display ' ' '-' quote ' Stop run.' quote '.'.
Perform varying i from 3 by 1 until i > 12
Display ' ' sl(i).
Stop run.
CoffeeScript
s="s=#&# ;alert s.replace(/&/,s).replace /#(?=[^&;'(]|';;$)/g, '#';;" ;alert s.replace(/&/,s).replace /#(?=[^&;'(]|';;$)/g, '"';;
Commodore BASIC
A rather long and unwieldy (although nicely formatted) BASIC quine that doesn't use the 10 LIST cheat. Works on the PET, VIC-20, C-64, C-128, C-16 and Plus/4, CBM-II, and CBM-5x0 series, and probably several non-Commodore BASICs as well, especially those based on Microsoft BASIC.
10 DATA 49,54,48,32,78,61,51,51,48,13,49,55,48,32,68,73,77,32,65,40,78,41,13
20 DATA 49,56,48,32,70,79,82,32,73,61,48,32,84,79,32,78,13,49,57,48,32,58,32
30 DATA 82,69,65,68,32,65,40,73,41,13,50,48,48,32,78,69,88,84,32,73,13,50,49
40 DATA 48,32,70,79,82,32,73,61,48,32,84,79,32,49,52,32,13,50,50,48,32,58,32
50 DATA 80,82,73,78,84,32,77,73,68,36,40,83,84,82,36,40,40,73,43,49,41,42,49
60 DATA 48,41,44,50,41,59,34,32,68,65,84,65,32,34,59,77,73,68,36,40,83,84,82
70 DATA 36,40,65,40,73,42,50,51,41,41,44,50,41,59,13,50,51,48,32,58,32,70,79
80 DATA 82,32,74,61,49,32,84,79,32,50,50,13,50,52,48,32,58,32,32,32,75,61,73
90 DATA 42,50,51,43,74,13,50,53,48,32,58,32,32,32,73,70,32,75,32,60,61,32,78
100 DATA 32,84,72,69,78,32,80,82,73,78,84,32,34,44,34,59,77,73,68,36,40,83,84
110 DATA 82,36,40,65,40,75,41,41,44,50,41,59,13,50,54,48,32,58,32,78,69,88,84
120 DATA 32,74,13,50,55,48,32,58,32,80,82,73,78,84,13,50,56,48,32,78,69,88,84
130 DATA 32,73,13,50,57,48,32,70,79,82,32,73,61,48,32,84,79,32,78,13,51,48,48
140 DATA 32,58,32,80,82,73,78,84,32,67,72,82,36,40,65,40,73,41,41,59,13,51,49
150 DATA 48,32,78,69,88,84,32,73,13
160 N=330
170 DIM A(N)
180 FOR I=0 TO N
190 : READ A(I)
200 NEXT I
210 FOR I=0 TO 14
220 : PRINT MID$(STR$((I+1)*10),2);" DATA ";MID$(STR$(A(I*23)),2);
230 : FOR J=1 TO 22
240 : K=I*23+J
250 : IF K <= N THEN PRINT ",";MID$(STR$(A(K)),2);
260 : NEXT J
270 : PRINT
280 NEXT I
290 FOR I=0 TO N
300 : PRINT CHR$(A(I));
310 NEXT I
Common Lisp
There are many simple ways to write a quine in Common Lisp, since source can be quoted and manipulated; this one defines an anonymous function, which is applied to its own source, which writes out that application of itself to its source. Note that Common Lisp by default does not distinguish cases.
((lambda (s) (print (list s (list 'quote s))))
'(lambda (s) (print (list s (list 'quote s)))))
This one does the same thing using quasiquote (template) syntax; in some implementations it may not print nicely (but will still work):
((lambda (s) (print `(,s ',s))) '(lambda (s) (print `(,s ',s))))
or another version:
((lambda (x) `(,x ',x)) '(lambda (x) `(,x ',x)))
This program's source contains an explicit reference to itself, which it prints in a manner preserving that reference:
#1=(write '#1# :circle t)
or another version (the former version cause looping in SBCL 1.0.56):
#1=(progn (setq *print-circle* t) (write '#1#))
This is an example using format and explicit referencing:
(format t #1='"(format t #1='~s #1#)" #1#)
An example using [[REPL]] variables:
(write -)
D
This Quine outputs its own source both during compiling and running.
const auto s=`const auto q="const auto s=\x60"~s~"\x60;
mixin(s);";import std.stdio;void main(){writefln(q);pragma(msg,q);}`;
mixin(s);
''NB:'' last line should be CRLF to match pragma's newline output behaviour.
Dao
Dao's BNF-like meta-programming macro supports quoting expressions as strings, which allow writing a quine as the following:
syntax{Q $EXP}as{io.writef('syntax{Q $EXP}as{%s}Q %s',\'$EXP\',\'$EXP\')}Q io.writef('syntax{Q $EXP}as{%s}Q %s',\'$EXP\',\'$EXP\')
dc
[91PP93P[dx]P]dx
=={{header|Déjà Vu}}==
"!print !. dup"
!print !. dup
E
" =~ x; println(E.toQuote(x),x)" =~ x; println(E.toQuote(x),x)
Elixir
a = <<"a = ~p~n:io.fwrite(a,[a])~n">>
:io.fwrite(a,[a])
Erlang
-module(quine).
-export([do/0]).
do() -> Txt=txt(), io:format("~s~ntxt() ->~n~w.~n",[Txt,Txt]), halt().
txt() ->
[45,109,111,100,117,108,101,40,113,117,105,110,101,41,46,10,45,101,120,112,111,114,116,40,91,100,111,47,48,93,41,46,10,10,100,111,40,41,32,45,62,32,84,120,116,61,116,120,116,40,41,44,32,105,111,58,102,111,114,109,97,116,40,34,126,115,126,110,116,120,116,40,41,32,45,62,126,110,126,119,46,126,110,34,44,91,84,120,116,44,84,120,116,93,41,44,32,104,97,108,116,40,41,46].
ERRE
PROGRAM QUINE
BEGIN
READ(D$,Y$)
LOOP
READ(X$)
EXIT IF LEN(X$)<1
PRINT(X$)
END LOOP
RESTORE
LOOP
READ(X$)
EXIT IF LEN(X$)<1
PRINT(D$;CHR$(34);X$;CHR$(34);CHR$(41))
END LOOP
PRINT(D$;CHR$(34);CHR$(34);CHR$(41))
PRINT(Y$)
DATA("DATA(")
DATA("END PROGRAM")
DATA("PROGRAM QUINE")
DATA("BEGIN")
DATA("READ(D$,Y$)")
DATA("LOOP")
DATA(" READ(X$)")
DATA(" EXIT IF LEN(X$)<1")
DATA(" PRINT(X$)")
DATA("END LOOP")
DATA("RESTORE")
DATA("LOOP")
DATA(" READ(X$)")
DATA(" EXIT IF LEN(X$)<1")
DATA(" PRINT(D$;CHR$(34);X$;CHR$(34);CHR$(41))")
DATA("END LOOP")
DATA("PRINT(D$;CHR$(34);CHR$(34);CHR$(41))")
DATA("PRINT(Y$)")
DATA("")
END PROGRAM
Euphoria
{{trans|C}}
constant p="constant p=%s%s%s printf(1,p,{34,p,34})" printf(1,p,{34,p,34})
=={{header|F Sharp|F#}}== Using .NET string formatting
let s = "let s = {0}{1}{0} in System.Console.WriteLine(s, char 34, s);;" in System.Console.WriteLine(s, char 34, s);;
Using Printf library
(fun s c -> printf s c s.Value c) "(fun s c -> printf s c s.Value c) %c%s%c <| char 34;;" <| char 34;;
Factor
With printf:
"%s [ 34 1string dup surround ] keep printf" [ 34 1string dup surround ] keep printf
With prettyprinter:
"[ pprint ] [ write ] bi"[ pprint ] [ write ] bi
Fish
All the zeros and +'s on the first line are just for aesthetic purposes. Only two zeros are needed, although the v at the end must line up.
00000000000000000000++++++++++++++++++ v
2[$:{:@]$g:0=?v >o:4a*=?!v~1+:3=?;0ao>
>~" "^ >1+ ^
=={{header|Fōrmulæ}}==
In [http://wiki.formulae.org/Quine this] page you can see the solution of this task.
Fōrmulæ programs are not textual, visualization/edition of programs is done showing/manipulating structures but not text ([http://wiki.formulae.org/Editing_F%C5%8Drmul%C3%A6_expressions more info]). Moreover, there can be multiple visual representations of the same program. Even though it is possible to have textual representation —i.e. XML, JSON— they are intended for transportation effects more than visualization and edition.
The option to show Fōrmulæ programs and their results is showing images. Unfortunately images cannot be uploaded in Rosetta Code.
Forth
A large number of quine methods are listed [http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/forth/quines.html here], the simplest of which is:
## Fortran
### F90+
Fortran allows the start of a text literal to be marked by either an apostrophe or a double quote and the end by the corresponding character. Doubling is used to signify that the delimiter appears within a literal.
```fortran
character*46::s='("character*46::s=",3a,";print s,39,s,39;end")';print s,39,s,39;end
{{out}}
character*46::s='("character*46::s=",3a,";print s,39,s,39;end")';print s,39,s,39;end
In ASCII, character 39 is an apostrophe. When run, the last "print" is preceded by three spaces after the semicolon that do not appear in the source. This wouldn't worry a Fortran compiler, because spaces are ignored outside text literals. More troublesome is that the first letter of the output appears in column one, and, being the letter "c", that marks a comment. This is why the text lighlighting has rendered the source text in italic. Later Fortran compilers may disregard this comment formalism in favour of the now standard in-line comment starter of an exclamation mark, and for them, the source would not be a comment.
Older Fortran
This reverts to fixed-format source form, relying on the format code / to signify a new line so that ASCII control characters need not be represented. Code T''n'' means "tab" to column ''n'' - no ASCII tab characters are involved. And difficulty with quoted strings is avoided by using the Hollerith form, ''n''H, signifying that ''n'' characters follow the H as a text literal.
WRITE(6,100)
STOP
100 FORMAT(6X,12HWRITE(6,100)/6X,4HSTOP/
.42H 100 FORMAT(6X,12HWRITE(6,100)/6X,4HSTOP/ ,2(/5X,67H.
.42H 100 FORMAT(6X,12HWRITE(6,100)/6X,4HSTOP/ ,2(/5X,67H.
.)/T48,2H)/T1,5X2(21H.)/T48,2H)/T1,5X2(21H)/
.T62,10H)/6X3HEND)T1,5X2(28H.T62,10H)/6X3HEND)T1,5X2(28H)/6X3HEND)
END
And indeed, exactly that opaque gibberish is written, with leading spaces to column seven and full stops in column six to mark a continuation. This was checked by UltraCompare, not just by eye!
Nostalgia note
I remember when this challenge came up, way back in 1966 --- FORTRAN was the game in town, and there existed a feature (well, really, a bug) that allowed an IBM FORTRAN program under IBM's OS/PCP/MFT/MVT [no HASP] to '''REWIND''' the default input stream (which were punched cards, and ''REWIND'' of course, was only intended for reel-to-reel tapes), which essentially then allowed the program to read it's own source, and then it was a simple matter to PRINT it.
The current CONTROL DATA FORTRAN had a feature that allowed the FORTRAN programmer to WRITE and then re-read I/O (the feature could've been called the REREAD statement, the WRITE may have been to device 0). If one didn't WRITE, just REREAD, the file stream then pointed to the source just read, thus allowing access to the FORTRAN program's source.
This challenge was extended to other languages, the concept was to print the actual source of the program, not use a recursive (or some derivative) method. There were some very clever (and obtuse and/or obscure) methods presented. A lot of operating systems, being in their infancy, had loopholes that allowed programmers to access files in their own job stream.
Another challenge at that time was to write a multi-language program (with NO changes) that would compile (or assemble) in various languages (without errors, of course) and produce the identical output. There were some very creative uses of "comments". --- Gerard Schildberger.
Free Pascal
const s=';begin writeln(#99#111#110#115#116#32#115#61#39,s,#39,s);readln;end.';begin writeln(#99#111#110#115#116#32#115#61#39,s,#39,s);readln;end.
FreeBASIC
===Código 1:===
#Define P(X) Print X: Print "P(" & #X & ")"
P("#Define P(X) Print X: Print ""P("" & #X & "")""")
===Código 2:===
Dim As String s = "Dim As String s = : Print Left(s, 18) + Chr(34) + s + Chr(34) + Mid(s, 18)" : Print Left(s, 18) + Chr(34) + s + Chr(34) + Mid(s, 18)
Frink
This is not a particularly clever nor concise quine, but it is indeed a quine.
d="633d636861725b33345d3b653d643b7072696e745b22643d2463246424635c6e222b28653d7e25732f285b612d7a302d395d7b327d292f636861725b7061727365496e745b24312c31365d5d2f6567295d"
c=char[34];e=d;print["d=$c$d$c\n"+(e=~%s/([a-z0-9]{2})/char[parseInt[$1,16]]/eg)]
A more concise quine is:
## GAP
```gap
f:=function ( )
Print( "f:=", f, ";;\nf();\n" );
return;
end;;
f();
Gema
*=$1@quote{$1}\}\n@abort;@{\*\=\$1\@quote\{\$1\}\\\}\\n\@abort\;\@\{}
Go
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
a := "package main\n\nimport \"fmt\"\n\nfunc main() {\n\ta := %q\n\tfmt.Printf(a, a)\n}\n"
fmt.Printf(a, a)
}
Groovy
There are several ways to do this. Here are five:
s="s=%s;printf s,s.inspect()";printf s,s.inspect()
evaluate s='char q=39;print"evaluate s=$q$s$q"'
s="s=%c%s%c;printf s,34,s,34";printf s,34,s,34
s='s=%c%s%1$c;printf s,39,s';printf s,39,s
printf _='printf _=%c%s%1$c,39,_',39,_
Also Groovy has a trivial solution of an empty (0 length) file even though that isn't an allowable solution here.
=={{header|GW-BASIC}}==
## Haskell
(Haskell does not provide access to a source-code equivalent representation of the code at runtime.)
In Haskell, function arguments are not surrounded by parentheses, which permits a simple quine where there is only the unquoted code followed by the quoted code.
```haskell
let q s = putStrLn (s ++ show s) in q "let q s = putStrLn (s ++ show s) in q "
It is also possible to eliminate one or both of the variables (point-free style): the let can be replaced with a lambda. (. is function composition.)
(\s -> putStrLn (s ++ show s)) "(\\s -> putStrLn (s ++ show s)) "
(putStrLn . \s -> s ++ show s) "(putStrLn . \\s -> s ++ show s) "
and s can be replaced by ap, which when applied to functions has the effect of the [[wp:SKI combinator calculus|S combinator]]:
import Control.Monad.Reader
(putStrLn . ap (++) show) "(putStrLn . ap (++) show) "
Since Haskell is a purely functional language, it is better at evaluating to things than printing them out. The following expression evaluates to a string of itself:
ap(++)show"ap(++)show"
Finally, here is a standalone program (the preceding examples only work in the REPL):
main = putStrLn $ (++) <*> show $ "main = putStrLn $ (++) <*> show $ "
Hoon
Unfortunately, this is quite a long quine due to the pretty-printing that is employeed. A majority of the code is fixing up the printed result of the array so it can be ran directly.
!: :- %say |= [^ [~ ~]] =+ ^= s ((list ,@tas) ~['!: :- %say |= [^ [~ ~]] =+ ^= s ((list ,@tas) ~[' 'x' ']) :- %noun (,tape (turn s |=(a=@tas ?:(=(a %x) (crip `(list ,@tas)`(turn s |=(b=@tas =+([s=?:(=(b %x) " " "") m=(trip ~~~27.)] (crip :(welp s m (trip b) m s)))))) a))))']) :- %noun (,tape (turn s |=(a=@tas ?:(=(a %x) (crip `(list ,@tas)`(turn s |=(b=@tas =+([s=?:(=(b %x) " " "") m=(trip ~~~27.)] (crip :(welp s m (trip b) m s)))))) a))))
Two much shorter quines were created and tweeted from the @urbit_ twitter account, which might be more interesting:
=-(`@t`(rap 3 - (scot %uw -) ")") 0wwai8F.8y0Fb.i1Tti.kwt6Z.zsOww.bi0P8.71xsy.xwt41.wa2QZ)
[https://twitter.com/urbit_/status/651127726670147584 1]
=<(`_""`~[. `@`39 . `@`10.535] '=<(`_""`~[. `@`39 . `@`10.535] ')
[https://twitter.com/urbit_/status/651126581499314176 2]
HQ9+
Any program with a single “Q” is a quine. The simplest possible such program is just this:
=={{header|HTML}} + CSS==
{{works with|Opera|10.0}} <!-- At the very least, guaranteed to work with these -->
{{works with|Firefox|3.5}}
This solution uses CSS to print out the source itself, e.g. the "direct accessing" method. Doesn't work in Internet Explorer; try it in one of Opera, Firefox, Safari, Chromium etc.
```css
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML/CSS Quine</title>
<style type="text/css">
* { font: 10pt monospace; }
head, style { display: block; }
style { white-space: pre; }
style:before {
content:
"\3C""!DOCTYPE html\3E"
"\A\3Chtml\3E\A"
"\3Chead\3E\A"
"\9\3Ctitle\3E""HTML/CSS Quine""\3C/title\3E\A"
"\9\3Cstyle type=\22text/css\22\3E";
}
style:after {
content:
"\3C/style\3E\A"
"\3C/head\3E\A"
"\3C""body\3E\3C/body\3E\A"
"\3C/html\3E";
}
</style>
</head>
<body></body>
</html>
Huginn
#! /bin/sh
exec huginn --no-argv -E "${0}"
#! huginn
main() {
c = "#! /bin/sh{1}~"
"exec huginn --no-argv -E {3}${{0}}{3}{1}#! huginn{1}{1}~"
"main() {{{1}{2}c = {3}{0}{3};{1}{2}print({1}~"
"{2}{2}copy( c ).replace( {3}{5}{3}, {3}{3} )~"
".format({1}{2}{2}{2}c.replace( {3}{5}{3}, ~"
"{3}{5}{4}{3}{4}n{4}t{4}t{4}{3}{3} ), ~"
"{3}{4}n{3}, {3}{4}t{3}, {3}{4}{3}{3}, {3}{4}{4}{3}, ~"
"{3}{5}{3}{1}{2}{2}){1}{2});{1}}}{1}{1}";
print(
copy( c ).replace( "~", "" ).format(
c.replace( "~", "~\"\n\t\t\"" ), "\n", "\t", "\"", "\\", "~"
)
);
}
=={{header|Icon}} and {{header|Unicon}}==
procedure main();x:="write(\"procedure main();x:=\",image(x));write(x);end"
write("procedure main();x:=",image(x));write(x);end
Io
## Inform 7
```inform7
R is a room. To quit: (- quit; -). When play begins: say entry 1 in Q; say Q in brace notation; quit. Q is a list of text variable. Q is {"R is a room. To quit: (- quit; -). When play begins: say entry 1 in Q; say Q in brace notation; quit. Q is a list of text variable. Q is "}
J
Technically, the empty program in J is a quine, as it has an empty result. For example:
Also, many many numbers in J are quines. For example (result not shown, here, for clarity):
Note: this implementation assumes that J is being used interactively. If J is being used in a command line script, having the script read and output itself would be a better approach. And it's not clear whether quines are a relevant concept in a none textual context (such as a windowing environment).
And other [[j:Puzzles/Quine#Solutions|solutions]] are also possible.
## Java
Copied from [http://www.nyx.net/~gthompso/copyrights.htm The Quine Page]
Author: Bertram Felgenhauer
<div style="width:100%;overflow:scroll">
```java
class S{public static void main(String[]a){String s="class S{public static void main(String[]a){String s=;char c=34;System.out.println(s.substring(0,52)+c+s+c+s.substring(52));}}";char c=34;System.out.println(s.substring(0,52)+c+s+c+s.substring(52));}}