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This means it might contain formatting issues, incorrect code, conceptual problems, or other severe issues.
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{{difficulty}} {{draft task}} Implement a self-hosting compiler for your language i.e. create a compiler that is implemented in the language it is supposed to compile. Extra credit for any solution that can compile in an online compiler such as Ideone. If this is not feasible due to language complexity, link to external projects that achieve this task.
ALGOL 68
The Algol 68 to C compiler available here: [http://www.poenikatu.co.uk/src/] or here: [https://github.com/NevilleDNZ/algol68toc] is written in ALGOL 68 and compiles itself. It is derived from the ALGOL 68RS compiler.
BaCon
BaCon is a BASIC to C converter and it is implemented in itself. Also it can compile itself since version 0.110. Source code can be downloaded from [https://basic-converter.org/ here].
C#
The official (Microsoft) C# compiler became self-hosting in 2011 and can be found (along with the self-hosting VB.NET compiler) at [https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn].
The older Mono C# compiler, currently backed by the .NET Foundation, can be found at [https://github.com/mono/mono]. There is also a (much newer) Mono VB compiler.
Go
The principal Go compiler was originally written in C but from version 1.5 became entirely self-hosting (with a little assembler).
The source code for the current version can be viewed [https://go.googlesource.com/go here].
There is also a second compiler 'gccgo' which is part of the GNU Compiler Collection. However, this compiler is written in C++.
J
do =: ".
STDIN =: 1
do read STDIN
NB. example:
".1!:1[1
((,~}:)~|.)'Go hang a salami '
Go hang a salami imalas a gnah oG
Kotlin
The Kotlin compiler is partly self-hosted (the rest is written in Java) and the current version (1.1.2), released in April 2017, is the culmination of about 7 years of development by a large team of people at JetBrains and open source contributors.
Any one who is interested can view the code for the compiler at https://github.com/jetbrains/kotlin.
Lingo
Propably not how the task was meant by the OP, but if "compiling code at runtime" counts, here Lingo's capabilities to do this:
m = new(#script)
-- automatically triggers compilation to byte code
m.scriptText = "on foo ()"&RETURN&\
" repeat with i = 1 to 3"&RETURN&\
" put i"&RETURN&\
" end repeat"&RETURN&\
"end"
-- can be called immediately
foo()
-- 1
-- 2
-- 3
-- for direct execution of simple code there is also the do() function
do("put _system.milliseconds")
-- 22476580
Perl 6
use MONKEY-SEE-NO-EVAL;
EVAL slurp
Phix
Phix is self hosted. Run "p -c p" and it rebuilds itself in about 15 seconds. One of my favourite parlour tricks is to then run "p p p p p p p p -cp" which stacks seven interpreted copies of itself on top of each other with the last recompiling itself, and apart from a slightly longer startup time, no slower than the shorter command.
Python
The [http://pypy.org/ PyPy] project has implemented Python using the Python language. The most popular Python interpreter is CPython, which is implemented in C.
Rust
[https://web.archive.org/web/20140815054745/http://blog.mozilla.org/graydon/2010/10/02/rust-progress/ Since 2010], the [https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/ Rust compiler] has consisted of a self-hosting compiler frontend built on top of LLVM.
A code generator named [https://github.com/CraneStation/cranelift Cranelift], written in Rust, is currently under development with one of its goals being to serve as an alternative to LLVM for debug builds which can provide a better balance between compile time and runtime performance.
Scala
The Scala compiler is totally written in Scala and compiles itself. The code is sourced and maintained in [https://github.com/scala/scala GitHub] repsitory.
Visual Basic .NET
The official (Microsoft) VB.NET compiler became self-hosting in 2011 and can be found (along with the self-hosting C# compiler) at [https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn].
.NET Mono also has a relatively new VB.NET compiler, which can be found at [https://github.com/mono/mono-basic]. There is also an older Mono C# compiler.
ZED
Source -> Compiled -> http://ideone.com/UHMQco
(*) number1 number2
comment:
#true
(003) "*" number1 number2
(+) number1 number2
comment:
#true
(003) "+" number1 number2
(-) number1 number2
comment:
#true
(003) "-" number1 numbe2
(/) number1 number2
comment:
#true
(003) "/" number1 number2
(=) "value1" "value2"
comment:
#true
(003) "eqv?" "value1" "value2"
(add-between!) "item" "list" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "list"
"collect"
(add-between!) "item" "list" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" (002) "cdr" "list"
(003) "cons" (002) "car" "list" "collect"
(add-between!) "item" "list" "collect"
comment:
#true
(add-between!) "item"
(002) "cdr" "list"
(003) "cons" "item" (003) "cons" (002) "car" "list" "collect"
(add-between) "item" "list"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (add-between!) "item" "list" nil
(add-between-ra) "list" "item"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (add-between!) "item" "list" nil
(alpha)
comment:
#true
(write-all) (rd) nil
"append"
(rd) nil "append" (newlines)
(by-four)
(function-sort)
(sentences)
(leading-newline)
(space-newline)
(tab-replace)
(newline-space-tab-repeats)
(newline-space)
(filter) not-return?
(replace-trailing-white-space) (read-all)
(application?) "expression"
comment:
#true
(004) "and" (002) "not" (002) "null?" "expression"
(002) "pair?" (002) "car" "expression"
(002) "null?" (002) "cdar" "expression"
(arity) "arity-hash" "function"
comment:
#true
(002) "cdr" (003) "assoc" "function" "arity-hash"
(arity-hash!) "clause"
comment:
#true
(003) "cons" (clause-name) "clause" (clause-arity) "clause"
(arity-hash) "program"
comment:
#true
(003) "append" (003) "map" arity-hash! "program" (003) "append" (009) "list" (003) "cons" "'ZED1" 1 (003) "cons" "'ZED!" 1 (003) "cons" "'ZED001" 1 (003) "cons" "'or" 2 (003) "cons" "'and" 2 (003) "cons" "'begin" 2 (003) "cons" "'ZEDc" 2 (003) "cons" "'quote" 1 (099) "list" (003) "cons" "'ZED002" 2 (003) "cons" "'ZED003" 3 (003) "cons" "'ZED004" 4 (003) "cons" "'ZED005" 5 (003) "cons" "'ZED006" 6 (003) "cons" "'ZED007" 7 (003) "cons" "'ZED008" 8 (003) "cons" "'ZED009" 9 (003) "cons" "'ZED010" 10 (003) "cons" "'ZED011" 11 (003) "cons" "'ZED012" 12 (003) "cons" "'ZED013" 13 (003) "cons" "'ZED014" 14 (003) "cons" "'ZED015" 15 (003) "cons" "'ZED016" 16 (003) "cons" "'ZED017" 17 (003) "cons" "'ZED018" 18 (003) "cons" "'ZED019" 19 (003) "cons" "'ZED020" 20 (003) "cons" "'ZED021" 21 (003) "cons" "'ZED022" 22 (003) "cons" "'ZED023" 23 (003) "cons" "'ZED024" 24 (003) "cons" "'ZED025" 25 (003) "cons" "'ZED026" 26 (003) "cons" "'ZED027" 27 (003) "cons" "'ZED028" 28 (003) "cons" "'ZED029" 29 (003) "cons" "'ZED030" 30 (003) "cons" "'ZED031" 31 (003) "cons" "'ZED032" 32 (003) "cons" "'ZED033" 33 (003) "cons" "'ZED034" 34 (003) "cons" "'ZED035" 35 (003) "cons" "'ZED036" 36 (003) "cons" "'ZED037" 37 (003) "cons" "'ZED038" 38 (003) "cons" "'ZED039" 39 (003) "cons" "'ZED040" 40 (003) "cons" "'ZED041" 41 (003) "cons" "'ZED042" 42 (003) "cons" "'ZED043" 43 (003) "cons" "'ZED044" 44 (003) "cons" "'ZED045" 45 (003) "cons" "'ZED046" 46 (003) "cons" "'ZED047" 47 (003) "cons" "'ZED048" 48 (003) "cons" "'ZED049" 49 (003) "cons" "'ZED050" 50 (003) "cons" "'ZED051" 51 (003) "cons" "'ZED052" 52 (003) "cons" "'ZED053" 53 (003) "cons" "'ZED054" 54 (003) "cons" "'ZED055" 55 (003) "cons" "'ZED056" 56 (003) "cons" "'ZED057" 57 (003) "cons" "'ZED058" 58 (003) "cons" "'ZED059" 59 (003) "cons" "'ZED060" 60 (003) "cons" "'ZED061" 61 (003) "cons" "'ZED062" 62 (003) "cons" "'ZED063" 63 (003) "cons" "'ZED064" 64 (003) "cons" "'ZED065" 65 (003) "cons" "'ZED066" 66 (003) "cons" "'ZED067" 67 (003) "cons" "'ZED068" 68 (003) "cons" "'ZED069" 69 (003) "cons" "'ZED070" 70 (003) "cons" "'ZED071" 71 (003) "cons" "'ZED072" 72 (003) "cons" "'ZED073" 73 (003) "cons" "'ZED074" 74 (003) "cons" "'ZED075" 75 (003) "cons" "'ZED076" 76 (003) "cons" "'ZED077" 77 (003) "cons" "'ZED078" 78 (003) "cons" "'ZED079" 79 (003) "cons" "'ZED080" 80 (003) "cons" "'ZED081" 81 (003) "cons" "'ZED082" 82 (003) "cons" "'ZED083" 83 (003) "cons" "'ZED084" 84 (003) "cons" "'ZED085" 85 (003) "cons" "'ZED086" 86 (003) "cons" "'ZED087" 87 (003) "cons" "'ZED088" 88 (003) "cons" "'ZED089" 89 (003) "cons" "'ZED090" 90 (003) "cons" "'ZED091" 91 (003) "cons" "'ZED092" 92 (003) "cons" "'ZED093" 93 (003) "cons" "'ZED094" 94 (003) "cons" "'ZED095" 95 (003) "cons" "'ZED096" 96 (003) "cons" "'ZED097" 97 (003) "cons" "'ZED098" 98 (003) "cons" "'ZED099" 99
(by-four!) "sentences" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "sentences"
"collect"
(by-four!) "sentences" "collect"
comment:
#true
(by-four!) (002) "cddddr" "sentences"
(003) "cons" (005) "list"
(002) "car" "sentences"
(002) "cadr" "sentences"
(002) "caddr" "sentences"
(002) "cadddr" "sentences"
"collect"
(by-four) "sentences"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (by-four!) "sentences" nil
(by-three!) "sentences" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "sentences"
"collect"
(by-three!) "sentences" "collect"
comment:
#true
(by-three!) (002) "cdddr" "sentences"
(003) "cons" (004) "list"
(002) "car" "sentences"
(002) "cadr" "sentences"
(002) "caddr" "sentences"
"collect"
(by-three) "sentences"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (by-three!) "sentences" nil
(character-less?) "character1" "character2"
comment:
#true
(003) "<" (002) "char->integer" "character1" (002) "char->integer" "character2"
(clause-arguments) "clause"
comment:
#true
(002) "cadr" "clause"
(clause-arguments-agree) "clause1" "clause2"
comment:
(003) "equal?" (clause-arguments) "clause1" (clause-arguments) "clause2"
(clause-arguments) "clause1"
(clause-arity) "clause"
comment:
#true
(002) "length" (clause-arguments) "clause"
(clause-body) "clause"
comment:
#true
(002) "cddr" "clause"
(clause-less?) "clause1" "clause2"
comment:
#true
(sentence-less?) (002) "car" "clause1" (002) "car" "clause2"
(clause-name) "clause"
comment:
#true
(002) "car" "clause"
(clause-name-agree) "clause1" "clause2"
comment:
(003) "eq?" (clause-name) "clause1" (clause-name) "clause2"
(clause-name) "clause1"
(combine-all!) "program" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "program"
"collect"
(combine-all!) "program" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" (002) "cdr" "program"
(003) "cons" (002) "car" "program" "collect"
(combine-all!) "program" "collect"
comment:
(003) "eq?" (clause-name) (002) "car" "program" (clause-name) (002) "cadr" "program"
(combine-all!) (combine-head-clauses) "program" "collect"
(combine-all!) "program" "collect"
comment:
#true
(combine-all!) (002) "cdr" "program" (003) "cons" (002) "car" "program" "collect"
(combine-all) "program"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (combine-all!) "program" nil
(combine-clauses) "clause1" "clause2"
comment:
#true
(003) "cons" (clause-name-agree) "clause1" "clause2"
(003) "cons" (clause-arguments-agree) "clause1" "clause2"
(003) "append" (clause-body) "clause1" (clause-body) "clause2"
(combine-head-clauses) "program"
comment:
#true
(003) "cons" (combine-clauses) (002) "car" "program" (002) "cadr" "program"
(002) "cddr" "program"
(combine-program-clauses) "program"
comment:
#true
(combine-all) (ready-program) "program"
(comp!)
comment:
#true
(comp!a) (combine-program-clauses)
(by-three)
(read-sentences)
(discard-comments)
(function-sort)
(sentences)
(leading-newline)
(space-newline)
(tab-replace)
(newline-space-tab-repeats)
(newline-space)
(filter) not-return? (replace-trailing-white-space) (read-all)
(comp!a) "combined"
comment:
#true
(comp!aa) (programize) "combined" (arity-hash) "combined"
(comp!aa) "programized"
comment:
#true
(002) "write" "programized"
(comp)
comment:
#true
(comp!)
(condefy!) "expressions" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "expressions"
"collect"
(condefy!) "expressions" "collect"
comment:
#true
(condefy!) (002) "cddr" "expressions"
(003) "cons" (003) "append" (002) "car" "expressions"
(002) "cadr" "expressions"
"collect"
(condefy) "expressions"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (condefy!) "expressions" nil
(cons) value1 value2
comment:
#true
(003) "cons" value1 value2
(count) number
comment:
#true
(c) number (count) (+) number 1
(count-by) step number
comment:
#true
(c) number (count-by) step (+) number step
(delay-wrap) "expression"
comment:
#true
(003) "list" "'delay" "expression"
(digit?) "character"
comment:
#true
(011) "or" (003) "eqv?" #0 "character" (003) "eqv?" #1 "character" (003) "eqv?" #2 "character" (003) "eqv?" #3 "character" (003) "eqv?" #4 "character" (003) "eqv?" #5 "character" (003) "eqv?" #6 "character" (003) "eqv?" #7 "character" (003) "eqv?" #8 "character" (003) "eqv?" #9 "character"
(discard-comments!) "program" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "program"
"collect"
(discard-comments!) "program" "collect"
comment:
#true
(discard-comments!) (002) "cddddr" "program"
(003) "cons" (002) "cadddr" "program"
(003) "cons" (002) "caddr" "program"
(003) "cons" (002) "car" "program" "collect"
(discard-comments) "program"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (discard-comments!) "program" nil
(dr!) "value"
comment:
(002) "pair?" "value"
(mp) dr! (first) 64 "value"
(dr!) "value"
comment:
#true
"value"
(dr) "value"
comment:
#true
(005) "begin" (002) "display" (pr) (dr!) "value" (001) "newline" (001) "newline" "value"
(drr) "value"
comment:
#true
(005) "begin" (002) "display" (pr) "value" (001) "newline" (001) "newline" "value"
(false?) "noun-list"
comment:
#true
(003) "equal?" "noun-list" (007) "list" ## #f #a #l #s #e
(fi) "function" "list"
comment:
(002) "null?" "list"
nil
(fi) "function" "list"
comment:
(002) "function" (1) "list"
(c) (1) "list" (fi) "function" (!) "list"
(fi) "function" "list"
comment:
#true
(fi) "function" (!) "list"
(filter!) "predicate" "list" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "list"
"collect"
(filter!) "predicate" "list" "collect"
comment:
(002) "predicate" (002) "car" "list"
(filter!) "predicate" (002) "cdr" "list" (003) "cons" (002) "car" "list" "collect"
(filter!) "predicate" "list" "collect"
comment:
#true
(filter!) "predicate" (002) "cdr" "list" "collect"
(filter) "predicate" "list"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (filter!) "predicate" "list" nil
(first!) "integer" "list" "collect"
comment:
(003) "or" (002) "zero?" "integer" (002) "null?" "list"
(002) "reverse" "collect"
(first!) "integer" "list" "collect"
comment:
(002) "not" (002) "pair?" "list"
(002) "reverse" (003) "cons" "list" "collect"
(first!) "integer" "list" "collect"
comment:
(003) ">" "integer" 0
(first!) (003) "-" "integer" 1 (!) "list" (003) "cons" (1) "list" "collect"
(first) "integer" "list"
comment:
(002) "not" (002) "pair?" "list"
"list"
(first) "integer" "list"
comment:
#true
(first!) "integer" "list" nil
(flatten!) list sub-list-found? collect
comment:
(and) (null?) list (not) sub-list-found?
(reverse) collect
(flatten!) list sub-list-found? collect
comment:
(null?) list
(flatten!) (reverse) collect #false nil
(flatten!) list sub-list-found? collect
comment:
(not) (pair?) list
(flatten!) nil sub-list-found? (cons) list collect
(flatten!) list sub-list-found? collect
comment:
(pair?) (1) list
(flatten!) (!) list #true (cons) (!) (1) list (cons) (1) (1) list collect
(flatten!) list sub-list-found? collect
comment:
(null?) (1) list
(flatten!) (!) list sub-list-found? collect
(flatten!) list sub-list-found? collect
comment:
#true
(flatten!) (!) list sub-list-found? (cons) (1) list collect
(flatten) list
comment:
#true
(flatten!) list #false nil
(for-each) effect list
comment:
#true
(003) "for-each" effect list
(function) "expression"
comment:
#true
(002) "caar" "expression"
(function-sort) "sentences"
comment:
#true
(rd) nil "append" (sort) clause-less? (by-four) "sentences"
(functionize) "clause" "arity-hash"
comment:
#true
(004) "list"
"'define"
(003) "cons" (clause-name) "clause" (clause-arguments) "clause"
(003) "cons" "'cond" (003) "append" (condefy) (map-with) schemefy
(clause-body) "clause"
"arity-hash"
(002) "list" (003) "list" "'else" err
(gather-count?!) "candidate"
comment:
#true
(008) "and"
(003) "=" 6 (002) "length" "candidate"
(003) "eqv?" #Z (002) "car" "candidate"
(003) "eqv?" #E (002) "cadr" "candidate"
(003) "eqv?" #D (002) "caddr" "candidate"
(003) "eqv?" #0 (002) "cadddr" "candidate"
(digit?) (002) "car" (002) "cddddr" "candidate"
(digit?) (002) "cadr" (002) "cddddr" "candidate"
(gather-count?) "symbol"
comment:
#true
(gather-count?!) (002) "string->list" (002) "symbol->string" "symbol"
(gather-noun) "sentence"
comment:
(002) "null?" "sentence"
nil
(gather-noun) "sentence"
comment:
(003) "eqv?" #space (002) "car" "sentence"
nil
(gather-noun) "sentence"
comment:
#true
(003) "cons" (002) "car" "sentence" (gather-noun) (002) "cdr" "sentence"
(gather-verb) "sentence"
comment:
(003) "eqv?" #) (002) "car" "sentence"
nil
(gather-verb) "sentence"
comment:
#true
(003) "cons" (002) "car" "sentence" (gather-verb) (002) "cdr" "sentence"
(gr) "garbage" "value"
comment:
#true
(003) "begin" (dr) "garbage" "value"
(grr) "garbage" "value"
comment:
#true
(003) "begin" (drr) "garbage" "value"
(leading-newline) "program"
comment:
(002) "null?" "program"
nil
(leading-newline) "program"
comment:
(003) "eqv?" #newline (002) "car" "program"
(002) "cdr" "program"
(leading-newline) "program"
comment:
#true
"program"
(literal?) "literal-list"
comment:
#true
(003) "eqv?" #" (002) "car" "literal-list"
(make-ZED) "ZED-list"
comment:
(003) "equal?" "ZED-list" (004) "list" #e #r #r
""'err""
(make-ZED) "ZED-list"
comment:
(003) "equal?" "ZED-list" (004) "list" #n #i #l
""'()""
(make-ZED) "ZED-list"
comment:
(003) "equal?" "ZED-list" (004) "list" #a #n #d
""and""
(make-ZED) "ZED-list"
comment:
(003) "equal?" "ZED-list" (003) "list" #o #r
""or""
(make-ZED) "ZED-list"
comment:
(003) "equal?" "ZED-list" (006) "list" #q #u #o #t #e
""quote""
(make-ZED) "ZED-list"
comment:
(003) "equal?" "ZED-list" (003) "list" #s #e
""begin""
(make-ZED) "ZED-list"
comment:
#true
(002) "list->string" (003) "append" (004) "list" #Z #E #D "ZED-list"
(make-character) "noun-list"
comment:
#true
(002) "list->string" (003) "cons" ## (003) "cons" #\ (002) "cdr" "noun-list"
(make-exact) "exact-list"
comment:
#true
(002) "list->string" (003) "append" (003) "list" ## #e "exact-list"
(make-literal) "literal-list"
comment:
#true
(002) "list->string" (002) "cdr" (002) "reverse" (002) "cdr" (002) "reverse" "literal-list"
(make-number-character) "noun-list"
comment:
#true
(002) "list->string" (004) "list" ## #\ (002) "integer->char"
(002) "string->number"
(002) "list->string"
(002) "cddr" "noun-list"
(map-with!) "function" "list" "extra" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "list"
"collect"
(map-with!) "function" "list" "extra" "collect"
comment:
#true
(map-with!) "function"
(002) "cdr" "list"
"extra"
(003) "cons" (003) "function" (002) "car" "list" "extra"
"collect"
(map-with) "function" "list" "extra"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (map-with!) "function" "list" "extra" nil
(merge!) "comparator" "list1" "list2" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "list2"
(003) "append" (002) "reverse" "collect" "list1"
(merge!) "comparator" "list1" "list2" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "list1"
(003) "append" (002) "reverse" "collect" "list2"
(merge!) "comparator" "list1" "list2" "collect"
comment:
(003) "comparator" (002) "car" "list2" (002) "car" "list1"
(merge!) "comparator" "list1" (002) "cdr" "list2" (003) "cons" (002) "car" "list2" "collect"
(merge!) "comparator" "list1" "list2" "collect"
comment:
#true
(merge!) "comparator" (002) "cdr" "list1" "list2" (003) "cons" (002) "car" "list1" "collect"
(merge) "comparator" "list1" "list2"
comment:
#true
(merge!) "comparator" "list1" "list2" nil
(mp) "function" "list"
comment:
(002) "null?" "list"
nil
(mp) "function" "list"
comment:
(002) "pair?" "list"
(c) (002) "function" (1) "list" (mp) "function" (!) "list"
(mp) "function" "list"
comment:
#true
(002) "function" "list"
(newline-space!) "program"
comment:
#true
(003) "cons" #newline (newline-space!a) "program"
(newline-space!a) "program"
comment:
#true
(newline-space!aa) "program" (002) "reverse" (newline-space!ab) "program" nil
(newline-space!aa) "program" "transformed"
comment:
(003) "equal?" "program" "transformed"
"program"
(newline-space!aa) "program" "transformed"
comment:
#true
(newline-space!a) "transformed"
(newline-space!ab) "program" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "program"
"collect"
(newline-space!ab) "program" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" (002) "cdr" "program"
(003) "cons" (002) "car" "program" "collect"
(newline-space!ab) "program" "collect"
comment:
(003) "and" (003) "eqv?" #newline (002) "car" "program"
(003) "or" (003) "eqv?" #space (002) "cadr" "program"
(003) "eqv?" #tab (002) "cadr" "program"
(newline-space!ab) (002) "cdr" "program" "collect"
(newline-space!ab) "program" "collect"
comment:
#true
(newline-space!ab) (002) "cdr" "program" (003) "cons" (002) "car" "program" "collect"
(newline-space) "program"
comment:
#true
(newline-space!) "program"
(newline-space-tab-repeats!) "program" "collect"
comment:
(003) "or" (002) "null?" "program" (002) "null?" (002) "cdr" "program"
(003) "append" "program" "collect"
(newline-space-tab-repeats!) "program" "collect"
comment:
(003) "and" (003) "eqv?" #newline (002) "car" "program"
(003) "eqv?" #newline (002) "cadr" "program"
(newline-space-tab-repeats!) (002) "cdr" "program" "collect"
(newline-space-tab-repeats!) "program" "collect"
comment:
(003) "and" (003) "or" (003) "eqv?" #space (002) "car" "program"
(003) "eqv?" #tab (002) "car" "program"
(003) "or" (003) "eqv?" #space (002) "cadr" "program"
(003) "eqv?" #tab (002) "cadr" "program"
(newline-space-tab-repeats!) (002) "cdr" "program" "collect"
(newline-space-tab-repeats!) "program" "collect"
comment:
#true
(newline-space-tab-repeats!) (002) "cdr" "program" (003) "cons" (002) "car" "program" "collect"
(newline-space-tab-repeats) "program"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (newline-space-tab-repeats!) "program" nil
(newlines) "clauses"
comment:
#true
(add-between-ra) (map-with) add-between-ra "clauses" (002) "list" #newline
(002) "list" (003) "list" #newline #newline
(normal-character?) "noun-list"
comment:
#true
(003) "eqv?" (002) "car" "noun-list" ##
(not) value
comment:
#true
(002) "not" value
(not-return?) "character"
comment:
#true
(002) "not" (003) "eqv?" #return "character"
(noun!) "noun-list" "number?"
comment:
"number?"
(make-exact) "noun-list"
(noun!) "noun-list" "number?"
comment:
(literal?) "noun-list"
(make-literal) "noun-list"
(noun!) "noun-list" "number?"
comment:
(true?) "noun-list"
""#t""
(noun!) "noun-list" "number?"
comment:
(false?) "noun-list"
""#f""
(noun!) "noun-list" "number?"
comment:
(number-character?) "noun-list"
(make-number-character) "noun-list"
(noun!) "noun-list" "number?"
comment:
(normal-character?) "noun-list"
(make-character) "noun-list"
(noun!) "noun-list" "number?"
comment:
#true
(make-ZED) "noun-list"
(noun) "noun-list"
comment:
#true
(noun!) "noun-list" (002) "string->number" (002) "list->string" "noun-list"
(null?) value
comment:
#true
(002) "null?" value
(number-character?) "noun-list"
comment:
#true
(004) "and"
(003) "eqv?" (002) "car" "noun-list" ##
(003) "eqv?" (002) "cadr" "noun-list" #0
(002) "not" (002) "null?" (002) "cddr" "noun-list"
(pair?) value
comment:
#true
(002) "pair?" value
(pop) "stack"
comment:
#true
(002) "cdr" "stack"
(pr!) "value" "output-string"
comment:
#true
(003) "begin"
(003) "display" (pr!a) "value" nil
"output-string"
(pr!b) "output-string" (002) "get-output-string" "output-string"
(pr!a) "value" "collect"
comment:
(002) "char?" "value"
(pr!aa) (002) "list->string" (003) "list" ## "value" "collect"
(pr!a) "value" "collect"
comment:
(002) "string?" "value"
(pr!aa) (004) "string-append" ""\""" "value" ""\""" "collect"
(pr!a) "value" "collect"
comment:
(002) "symbol?" "value"
(pr!aa) (002) "symbol->string" "value" "collect"
(pr!a) "value" "collect"
comment:
(002) "number?" "value"
(pr!aa) (002) "number->string" "value" "collect"
(pr!a) "value" "collect"
comment:
(003) "and" (002) "boolean?" "value" "value"
(pr!aa) ""#true"" "collect"
(pr!a) "value" "collect"
comment:
(002) "boolean?" "value"
(pr!aa) ""#false"" "collect"
(pr!a) "value" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "value"
(002) "reverse" "collect"
(pr!a) "value" "collect"
comment:
#true
(pr!a) (!) "value" (003) "cons" (pr!a) (1) "value" nil "collect"
(pr!aa) "string" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "collect"
"string"
(pr!aa) "string" "collect"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (003) "cons" "string" (003) "cons" ""."" "collect"
(pr!b) "output-string" "value"
comment:
#true
(003) "begin" (002) "close-output-port" "output-string" "value"
(pr) "value"
comment:
#true
(pr!) "value" (001) "open-output-string"
(programize) "program" "arity-hash"
comment:
#true
(003) "cons" "'begin" (map-with) functionize "program" "arity-hash"
(push) "object" "stack"
comment:
#true
(003) "cons" "object" "stack"
(rd!) "function" "list"
comment:
(002) "null?" (!) "list"
(1) "list"
(rd!) "function" "list"
comment:
#true
(rd!) "function" (003) "cons" (003) "function" (1) (!) "list" (1) "list" (!) (!) "list"
(rd) "final" "function" "list"
comment:
#true
(rd!) "function" (003) "cons" "final" (002) "reverse" "list"
(read-all!) "collect"
comment:
#true
(read-all!a) (001) "read-char" "collect"
(read-all!a) "character" "collect"
comment:
(002) "eof-object?" "character"
"collect"
(read-all!a) "character" "collect"
comment:
#true
(read-all!) (003) "cons" "character" "collect"
(read-all)
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (read-all!) nil
(read-sentence!a) "sentence" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "sentence"
"collect"
(read-sentence!a) "sentence" "collect"
comment:
(003) "eqv?" #space (002) "car" "sentence"
(read-sentence!a) (002) "cdr" "sentence" "collect"
(read-sentence!a) "sentence" "collect"
comment:
(003) "eqv?" #( (002) "car" "sentence"
(read-sentence!aa) "sentence" (gather-verb) (002) "cdr" "sentence" "collect"
(read-sentence!a) "sentence" "collect"
comment:
#true
(read-sentence!ab) "sentence" (gather-noun) "sentence" "collect"
(read-sentence!aa) "sentence" "gather-verb" "collect"
comment:
#true
(read-sentence!a) (tails) (003) "+" 2 (002) "length" "gather-verb"
"sentence"
(003) "cons" (verb) "gather-verb" "collect"
(read-sentence!ab) "sentence" "gather-noun" "collect"
comment:
#true
(read-sentence!a) (tails) (002) "length" "gather-noun" "sentence"
(003) "cons" (noun) "gather-noun" "collect"
(read-sentence!b) "list" "output-string"
comment:
#true
(003) "begin" (003) "display" "list" "output-string"
(read-sentence!ba) "output-string" (002) "get-output-string" "output-string"
(read-sentence!ba) "output-string" "get-output-string"
comment:
#true
(003) "begin" (002) "close-output-port" "output-string"
(read-sentence!baa) (002) "open-input-string" "get-output-string"
(read-sentence!baa) "input-string"
comment:
#true
(read-sentence!baaa) "input-string" (002) "read" "input-string"
(read-sentence!baaa) "input-string" "answer"
comment:
#true
(003) "begin" (002) "close-input-port" "input-string" "answer"
(read-sentence) "sentence"
comment:
#true
(read-sentence!b) (002) "reverse" (read-sentence!a) "sentence" nil (001) "open-output-string"
(read-sentences) "sentences"
comment:
#true
(003) "map" read-sentence "sentences"
(ready-clause) "clause"
comment:
#true
(003) "cons" (002) "caaar" "clause" (003) "cons" (002) "cdar" "clause" (002) "cdr" "clause"
(ready-program) "program"
comment:
#true
(003) "map" ready-clause "program"
(replace-trailing-white-space!) "program"
comment:
(002) "null?" "program"
nil
(replace-trailing-white-space!) "program"
comment:
(005) "or"
(003) "eqv?" (002) "car" "program" #space
(003) "eqv?" (002) "car" "program" #tab
(003) "eqv?" (002) "car" "program" #return
(003) "eqv?" (002) "car" "program" #newline
(replace-trailing-white-space!) (002) "cdr" "program"
(replace-trailing-white-space!) "program"
comment:
#true
(003) "cons" #newline "program"
(replace-trailing-white-space) "program"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (replace-trailing-white-space!) (002) "reverse" "program"
(reverse) list
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" list
(schemefy!) "expression" "arity-hash" "stack"
comment:
(002) "null?" "expression"
(top) "stack"
(schemefy!) "expression" "arity-hash" "stack"
comment:
(application?) "expression"
(schemefy!a) "expression" "arity-hash" "stack" (function) "expression"
(schemefy!) "expression" "arity-hash" "stack"
comment:
#true
(schemefy!) (002) "cdr" "expression" "arity-hash" (push) (002) "car" "expression" "stack"
(schemefy!a) "expression" "arity-hash" "stack" "function"
comment:
#true
(schemefy!aa) "expression" "arity-hash" "stack" "function" (arity) "arity-hash" "function"
(schemefy!aa) "expression" "arity-hash" "stack" "function" "arity"
comment:
(gather-count?) "function"
(schemefy!) (002) "cdr" "expression" "arity-hash" (push) (first) "arity" "stack"
(tails) "arity" "stack"
(schemefy!aa) "expression" "arity-hash" "stack" "function" "arity"
comment:
(003) "eq?" "function" "'ZED1"
(schemefy!) (002) "cdr" "expression"
"arity-hash"
(push) (005) "list"
"'if"
(003) "list" "'promise?" (003) "cons" "'car" (first) "arity" "stack"
(003) "list" "'force" (003) "cons" "'car" (first) "arity" "stack"
(003) "cons" "'car" (first) "arity" "stack"
(tails) "arity" "stack"
(schemefy!aa) "expression" "arity-hash" "stack" "function" "arity"
comment:
(003) "eq?" "function" "'ZED!"
(schemefy!) (002) "cdr" "expression"
"arity-hash"
(push) (005) "list"
"'if"
(003) "list" "'promise?" (003) "cons" "'cdr" (first) "arity" "stack"
(003) "list" "'force" (003) "cons" "'cdr" (first) "arity" "stack"
(003) "cons" "'cdr" (first) "arity" "stack"
(tails) "arity" "stack"
(schemefy!aa) "expression" "arity-hash" "stack" "function" "arity"
comment:
(003) "eq?" "function" "'ZEDc"
(schemefy!) (002) "cdr" "expression"
"arity-hash"
(push) (003) "cons" "'cons" (003) "map" delay-wrap (first) "arity" "stack"
(tails) "arity" "stack"
(schemefy!aa) "expression" "arity-hash" "stack" "function" "arity"
comment:
#true
(schemefy!) (002) "cdr" "expression"
"arity-hash"
(push) (003) "cons" "function" (first) "arity" "stack" (tails) "arity" "stack"
(schemefy) "expression" "arity-hash"
comment:
#true
(002) "list" (schemefy!) (002) "reverse" "expression" "arity-hash" (stack)
(sentence-less?) "sentence1" "sentence2"
comment:
(002) "null?" "sentence2"
"#f"
(sentence-less?) "sentence1" "sentence2"
comment:
(002) "null?" "sentence1"
"#t"
(sentence-less?) "sentence1" "sentence2"
comment:
(character-less?) (002) "car" "sentence1" (002) "car" "sentence2"
"#t"
(sentence-less?) "sentence1" "sentence2"
comment:
(character-less?) (002) "car" "sentence2" (002) "car" "sentence1"
"#f"
(sentence-less?) "sentence1" "sentence2"
comment:
#true
(sentence-less?) (002) "cdr" "sentence1" (002) "cdr" "sentence2"
(sentences!) "program" "collect1" "collect2"
comment:
(002) "null?" "program"
"collect2"
(sentences!) "program" "collect1" "collect2"
comment:
(003) "eqv?" #newline (002) "car" "program"
(sentences!) (002) "cdr" "program" nil (003) "cons" (002) "reverse" "collect1" "collect2"
(sentences!) "program" "collect1" "collect2"
comment:
#true
(sentences!) (002) "cdr" "program" (003) "cons" (002) "car" "program" "collect1" "collect2"
(sentences) "program"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (sentences!) "program" nil nil
(sort!a) "jumble"
comment:
#true
(003) "map" "list" "jumble"
(sort!b) "comparator" "jumble"
comment:
(002) "null?" "jumble"
nil
(sort!b) "comparator" "jumble"
comment:
(002) "null?" (002) "cdr" "jumble"
"jumble"
(sort!b) "comparator" "jumble"
comment:
#true
(sort!b) "comparator"
(003) "cons" (merge) "comparator" (002) "car" "jumble" (002) "cadr" "jumble"
(sort!b) "comparator" (002) "cddr" "jumble"
(sort) "comparator" "jumble"
comment:
#true
(002) "car" (sort!b) "comparator" (sort!a) "jumble"
(space-newline!) "program" "collect"
comment:
(003) "or" (002) "null?" "program" (002) "null?" (002) "cdr" "program"
(003) "append" "program" "collect"
(space-newline!) "program" "collect"
comment:
(003) "and" (003) "eqv?" #space (002) "car" "program"
(003) "eqv?" #newline (002) "cadr" "program"
(space-newline!) (002) "cdr" "program" "collect"
(space-newline!) "program" "collect"
comment:
#true
(space-newline!) (002) "cdr" "program" (003) "cons" (002) "car" "program" "collect"
(space-newline) "program"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (space-newline!) "program" nil
(stack)
comment:
#true
nil
(tab-replace!) "program" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "program"
"collect"
(tab-replace!) "program" "collect"
comment:
(003) "eqv?" #tab (002) "car" "program"
(tab-replace!) (002) "cdr" "program" (003) "cons" #space "collect"
(tab-replace!) "program" "collect"
comment:
#true
(tab-replace!) (002) "cdr" "program" (003) "cons" (002) "car" "program" "collect"
(tab-replace) "program"
comment:
#true
(002) "reverse" (tab-replace!) "program" nil
(tails) "number" "list"
comment:
(002) "null?" "list"
nil
(tails) "number" "list"
comment:
(002) "zero?" "number"
"list"
(tails) "number" "list"
comment:
(003) ">" "number" 0
(tails) (003) "-" "number" 1 (002) "cdr" "list"
(top) "stack"
comment:
#true
(002) "car" "stack"
(true?) "noun-list"
comment:
#true
(003) "equal?" "noun-list" (006) "list" ## #t #r #u #e
(verb) "verb-list"
comment:
(literal?) "verb-list"
(002) "list" (make-literal) "verb-list"
(verb) "verb-list"
comment:
#true
(002) "list" (make-ZED) "verb-list"
(write-all) "program"
comment:
(002) "null?" "program"
err
(write-all) "program"
comment:
#true
(write-all) (003) "begin" (002) "write-char" (002) "car" "program" (002) "cdr" "program"
(zed->scheme!) "value" "collect"
comment:
(002) "null?" "value"
(002) "reverse" "collect"
(zed->scheme!) "value" "collect"
comment:
#true
(zed->scheme!) (!) "value" (003) "cons" (zed->scheme) (1) "value" "collect"
(zed->scheme) "value"
comment:
(002) "not" (002) "pair?" "value"
"value"
(zed->scheme) "value"
comment:
#true
(zed->scheme!) "value" nil
zkl
zkl is written in zkl. The compiler is big. The VM has a compiled (C) image of the compile as a big table, ie the system is image based. Here is an example of compiling and testing a new compiler:
$ zkl --package Src/Compiler/compiler.zkl
Compiling asm
Compiling parser
Compiling tokenizer
Building wad: .... 106,072 bytes added
Checking 4 items in Wad
Wad header
Protocol: 1.0
Infomercial: zkl Wad
Time Stamp: Sun Jun 15 20:42:11 2014
Number of objects: 4
Data size: 106,072 bytes
Run list: 5444
Flags:
Class Name Offset Size Run
----- ---- ------ ---- ---
Compiler.Compiler 0 28,930 5
Compiler.Asm 28,930 15,001 4
Compiler.Parser 43,931 55,129 4
Compiler.Tokenizer 99,060 7,012 4
....
Compiled package in 2.9 seconds
zkl 1.12.11, released 2014-07-01
zkl: ^D
$ zklIgnoreWad=1 zkl //ignore compiled in image and load just compiled one
Ignoring wad
zkl 1.12.11, released 2014-07-01
Since the compiler is part of the VM, you can compile from the REPL:
zkl: Compiler.Compiler.packageFile("compiler.zkl")
Compiling asm
Compiling parser
Compiling tokenizer
...