{{task|Basic language learning}} [[Category: String manipulation]] {{omit from|GUISS|Can use Microsoft Word document properties, but this might not be accurate}} {{omit from|Openscad}}

;Task: Find the character and byte length of a string.

This means encodings like [[UTF-8]] need to be handled properly, as there is not necessarily a one-to-one relationship between bytes and characters.

By ''character'', we mean an individual Unicode ''code point'', not a user-visible ''grapheme'' containing combining characters.

For example, the character length of "møøse" is 5 but the byte length is 7 in UTF-8 and 10 in UTF-16.

Non-BMP code points (those between 0x10000 and 0x10FFFF) must also be handled correctly: answers should produce actual character counts in code points, not in code unit counts.

Therefore a string like "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" (consisting of the 7 Unicode characters U+1D518 U+1D52B U+1D526 U+1D520 U+1D52C U+1D521 U+1D522) is 7 characters long, '''not''' 14 UTF-16 code units; and it is 28 bytes long whether encoded in UTF-8 or in UTF-16.

Please mark your examples with

Character Length=== or ===Byte Length

.

If your language is capable of providing the string length in graphemes, mark those examples with

Grapheme Length

.

For example, the string "J̲o̲s̲é̲" ("J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}") has 4 user-visible graphemes, 9 characters (code points), and 14 bytes when encoded in UTF-8.

{{Template:Strings}}

360 Assembly

Assembler 360 use EBCDIC coding, so one character is one byte. The L' atrribute can be seen as the length function for assembler 360.

*        String length             06/07/2016
LEN      CSECT
         USING  LEN,15             base register
         LA     1,L'C              length of C
         XDECO  1,PG
         XPRNT  PG,12
         LA     1,L'H              length of H
         XDECO  1,PG
         XPRNT  PG,12
         LA     1,L'F              length of F
         XDECO  1,PG
         XPRNT  PG,12
         LA     1,L'D              length of D
         XDECO  1,PG
         XPRNT  PG,12
         LA     1,L'PG             length of PG
         XDECO  1,PG
         XPRNT  PG,12
         BR     14                 exit           length
C        DS     C                  character       1
H        DS     H                  half word       2
F        DS     F                  full word       4
D        DS     D                  double word     8
PG       DS     CL12               string         12
         END    LEN

{{out}}

           1
           2
           4
           8
          12

4D

Byte Length

$length:=Length("Hello, world!")

ActionScript

Byte length

This uses UTF-8 encoding. For other encodings, the ByteArray's writeMultiByte() method can be used.

package {

    import flash.display.Sprite;
    import flash.events.Event;
    import flash.utils.ByteArray;

    public class StringByteLength extends Sprite {

        public function StringByteLength() {
            if ( stage ) _init();
            else addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, _init);
        }

        private function _init(e:Event = null):void {
            var s1:String = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
            var s2:String = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
            var s3:String = "José";

            var b:ByteArray = new ByteArray();
            b.writeUTFBytes(s1);
            trace(b.length);  // 43

            b.clear();
            b.writeUTFBytes(s2);
            trace(b.length);  // 28

            b.clear();
            b.writeUTFBytes(s3);
            trace(b.length);  // 5
        }

    }

}

Character Length

var s1:String = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
var s2:String = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
var s3:String = "José";
trace(s1.length, s2.length, s3.length);  // 43, 14, 4

Ada

{{works with|GCC|4.1.2}}

Byte Length

Str    : String := "Hello World";
Length : constant Natural := Str'Size / 8;

The 'Size attribute returns the size of an object in bits. Provided that under "byte" one understands an octet of bits, the length in "bytes" will be 'Size divided to 8. Note that this is not necessarily the machine storage unit. In order to make the program portable, System.Storage_Unit should be used instead of "magic number" 8. System.Storage_Unit yields the number of bits in a storage unit on the current machine. Further, the length of a string object is not the length of what the string contains in whatever measurement units. String as an object may have a "dope" to keep the array bounds. In fact the object length can even be 0, if the compiler optimized the object away. So in most cases "byte length" makes no sense in Ada.

Character Length

Latin_1_Str    : String           := "Hello World";
UCS_16_Str     : Wide_String      := "Hello World";
Unicode_Str    : Wide_Wide_String := "Hello World";
Latin_1_Length : constant Natural := Latin_1_Str'Length;
UCS_16_Length  : constant Natural := UCS_16_Str'Length;
Unicode_Length : constant Natural := Unicode_Str'Length;

The attribute 'Length yields the number of elements of an [[array]]. Since strings in Ada are arrays of characters, 'Length is the string length. Ada supports strings of [[Latin-1]], [[UCS-16]] and full [[Unicode]] characters. In the example above character length of all three strings is 11. The length of the objects in bits will differ.

Aime

Byte Length

length("Hello, World!")

or

~"Hello, World!"

ALGOL 68

Bits and Bytes Length

BITS bits := bits pack((TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE)); # packed array of BOOL #
BYTES bytes := bytes pack("Hello, world"); # packed array of CHAR #
print((
  "BITS and BYTES are fixed width:", new line,
  "bits width:", bits width, ", max bits: ", max bits, ", bits:", bits, new line,
  "bytes width: ",bytes width, ", UPB:",UPB STRING(bytes), ", string:", STRING(bytes),"!", new line
))

Output:

BITS and BYTES are fixed width:
bits width:        +32, max bits: TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT, bits:TTFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
bytes width:         +32, UPB:        +32, string:Hello, world!

Character Length

STRING str := "hello, world";
INT length := UPB str;
printf(($"Length of """g""" is "g(3)l$,str,length));

printf(($l"STRINGS can start at -1, in which case LWB must be used:"l$));
STRING s := "abcd"[@-1];
print(("s:",s, ", LWB:", LWB s, ", UPB:",UPB s, ", LEN:",UPB s - LWB s + 1))

Output:

Length of "hello, world" is +12
STRINGS can start at -1, in which case LWB must be used:
s:abcd, LWB:         -1, UPB:         +2, LEN:         +4

Apex

String myString = 'abcd';
System.debug('Size of String', myString.length());

AppleScript

Byte Length

count of "Hello World"

Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) includes AppleScript 2.0 which uses only Unicode (UTF-16) character strings. This example has been tested on OSX 10.8.5. Added a combining char for testing.

set inString to "Hello é̦世界"
set byteCount to 0

repeat with c in inString
	set t to id of c
	if ((count of t) > 0) then
		repeat with i in t
			set byteCount to byteCount + doit(i)
		end repeat
	else
		set byteCount to byteCount + doit(t)
	end if
end repeat

byteCount

on doit(cid)
	set n to (cid as integer)
	if n > 67108863 then -- 0x3FFFFFF
		return 6
	else if n > 2097151 then -- 0x1FFFFF
		return 5
	else if n > 65535 then -- 0xFFFF
		return 4
	else if n > 2047 then -- 0x07FF
		return 3
	else if n > 127 then -- 0x7F
		return 2
	else
		return 1
	end if
end doit

Character Length

count of "Hello World"

Or:

count "Hello World"

Applesoft BASIC

? LEN("HELLO, WORLD!")

Arturo

Character Length

str "Hello World"

print "length = " + $(size str)

{{out}}

length = 11

AutoHotkey

Character Length

Msgbox % StrLen("Hello World")

Or:

String := "Hello World"
StringLen, Length, String
Msgbox % Length

AWK

Byte Length

From within any code block:

w=length("Hello, world!")      # static string example
x=length("Hello," s " world!") # dynamic string example
y=length($1)                   # input field example
z=length(s)                    # variable name example

Ad hoc program from command line:

 echo "Hello, wørld!" | awk '{print length($0)}'   # 14

From executable script: (prints for every line arriving on stdin)

#!/usr/bin/awk -f
{print"The length of this line is "length($0)}

Axe

Axe supports two string encodings: a rough equivalent to ASCII, and a token-based format. These examples are for ASCII.

Byte Length

"HELLO, WORLD"→Str1
Disp length(Str1)▶Dec,i

Batch File

Byte Length

@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
call :length %1 res
echo length of %1 is %res%
goto :eof

:length
set str=%~1
set cnt=0
:loop
if "%str%" equ "" (
	set %2=%cnt%
	goto :eof
	)
set str=!str:~1!
set /a cnt = cnt + 1
goto loop

BaCon

BaCon has full native support for UTF-8 encoding.

PRINT "Bytelen of 'hello': ", LEN("hello")
PRINT "Charlen of 'hello': ", ULEN("hello")

PRINT "Bytelen of 'møøse': ", LEN("møøse")
PRINT "Charlen of 'møøse': ", ULEN("møøse")

PRINT "Bytelen of '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢': ", LEN("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢")
PRINT "Charlen of '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢': ", ULEN("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢")

{{out}}

Bytelen of 'hello': 5
Charlen of 'hello': 5
Bytelen of 'møøse': 7
Charlen of 'møøse': 5
Bytelen of '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢': 28
Charlen of '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢': 7

BASIC

Character Length

{{works with|QBasic}}

{{works with|Liberty BASIC}}

{{works with|PowerBASIC|PB/CC, PB/DOS}}

BASIC only supports single-byte characters. The character "ø" is converted to "°" for printing to the console and length functions, but will still output to a file as "ø".

 INPUT a$
 PRINT LEN(a$)

=

ZX Spectrum Basic

= The ZX Spectrum needs line numbers:

10 INPUT a$
20 PRINT LEN a$

However, it's not quite as trivial as this.

=Byte length=

Strings can contain embedded colour codes; an inline INVERSE (CAPS SHIFT + 4) would be represented as CHR$ 20 + CHR$ 1. The LEN function will account for all these bytes. On the flipside, ZX Spectrum keywords are all tokenised, and there's nothing stopping you using them in a string; " RANDOMIZE ", if the keyword is used, will take a single byte (CHR$ 249) rather than the 11 characters it actually uses. The above version of the code will produce byte length.

=Character length=

Stripping out all entries in the string with codes in the lower 32 will get rid of colour control codes. The character length of a token is not a simple thing to determine, so this version strips them out too by eliminating anything above CHR$ 164 (the last UDG). A 91-entry DATA list of token lengths might be the next step.

10 INPUT a$
20 LET b$=""
30 FOR x=1 TO LEN a$
40 LET k=CODE a$(x)
50 IF k<32 OR k>164 THEN GOTO 70
60 LET b$=b$+a$(k)
70 NEXT x
80 PRINT LEN b$

=Grapheme length=

Alternatively, the string might include control codes for backspacing and overwriting;

10 LET a$=CHR$ 111+CHR$ 8+CHR$ 21+CHR$ 1+CHR$ 34

will produce an "o" character overprinted with a quotation mark, resulting in a "passable" impression of an umlaut. The above code will reduce this to two characters when the actual printed length is one (byte length is of course five). The other possible workaround is to print the string and calculate the character length based on the resultant change in screen position. (This will only work for a string with a character length that actually fits on the screen, so below about 670.)

10 INPUT a$
20 CLS
30 PRINT a$;
40 LET x=PEEK 23688: LET y=PEEK 23689
50 PRINT CHR$ 13;33-x+32*(24-y)

=

Commodore BASIC

= Commodore BASIC needs line numbers too, and can't use mixed case. When in mixed case mode, everything must be in lower case letters. However, the default is UPPERCASE + graphic characters; thus everything appears as UPPER case character.

10 INPUT A$
20 PRINT LEN(A$)

==={{header|IS-BASIC}}=== 100 INPUT PROMPT "String: ":TX$ 110 PRINT LEN(TX$)

## BBC BASIC


### Character Length


```bbcbasic
      INPUT text$
      PRINT LEN(text$)

Byte Length

{{works with|BBC BASIC for Windows}}

      CP_ACP = 0
      CP_UTF8 = &FDE9

      textA$ = "møøse"
      textW$ = "                 "
      textU$ = "                 "

      SYS "MultiByteToWideChar", CP_ACP, 0, textA$, -1, !^textW$, LEN(textW$)/2 TO nW%
      SYS "WideCharToMultiByte", CP_UTF8, 0, textW$, -1, !^textU$, LEN(textU$), 0, 0
      PRINT "Length in bytes (ANSI encoding) = " ; LEN(textA$)
      PRINT "Length in bytes (UTF-16 encoding) = " ; 2*(nW%-1)
      PRINT "Length in bytes (UTF-8 encoding) = " ; LEN($$!^textU$)

Output:

Length in bytes (ANSI encoding) = 5
Length in bytes (UTF-16 encoding) = 10
Length in bytes (UTF-8 encoding) = 7

Bracmat

The solutions work with UTF-8 encoded strings.

Byte Length

(ByteLength=
  length
.   @(!arg:? [?length)
  & !length
);

out$ByteLength$𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢

Answer:

28

Character Length

(CharacterLength=
  length c
.     0:?length
    & @( !arg
       :   ?
           ( %?c
           & utf$!c:?k
           & 1+!length:?length
           & ~
           )
           ?
       )
  | !length
);

out$CharacterLength$𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢

Answer:

7

An improved version scans the input string character wise, not byte wise. Thus many string positions that are deemed not to be possible starting positions of UTF-8 are not even tried. The patterns [!p and [?p implement a ratchet mechanism. [!p indicates the start of a character and [?p remembers the end of the character, which becomes the start position of the next byte.

(CharacterLength=
  length c p
.     0:?length:?p
    & @( !arg
       :   ?
           ( [!p %?c
           & utf$!c:?k
           & 1+!length:?length
           )
           ([?p&~)
           ?
       )
  | !length
);

Later versions of Bracmat have the built in function vap that "vaporises" a string into "atoms". If the string is UTF-8 encoded, then each "atom" is one UTF-8 character, so the length of the list of atoms is the character length of the input string. The first argument to the vap function is a function that will be applied to every UTF-8 encoded character in the input string. The outcomes of these function calls are the elements in the resulting list. In the solution below we choose an anonymous function (=.!arg) that just returns the characters themselves.

(CharacterLength=
  length
. vap$((=.!arg).!arg):? [?length&!length
);

C

Byte Length

{{works with|ANSI C}}

{{works with|GCC|3.3.3}}

#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
  const char *string = "Hello, world!";
  size_t length = strlen(string);

  return 0;
}

or by hand:

int main(void)
{
  const char *string = "Hello, world!";
  size_t length = 0;

  const char *p = string;
  while (*p++ != '\0') length++;

  return 0;
}

or (for arrays of char only)

#include <iostream>

int main(void)
{
  char s[] = "Hello, world!";
  size_t length = sizeof s - 1;

  return 0;
}

Character Length

For wide character strings (usually Unicode uniform-width encodings such as UCS-2 or UCS-4):

#include <stdio.h>
#include <wchar.h>

int main(void)
{
   wchar_t *s = L"\x304A\x306F\x3088\x3046"; /* Japanese hiragana ohayou */
   size_t length;

   length = wcslen(s);
   printf("Length in characters = %d\n", length);
   printf("Length in bytes      = %d\n", sizeof(s) * sizeof(wchar_t));

   return 0;
}

Dealing with raw multibyte string

Following code is written in UTF-8, and environment locale is assumed to be UTF-8 too. Note that "møøse" is here directly written in the source code for clarity, which is not a good idea in general. mbstowcs(), when passed NULL as the first argument, effectively counts the number of chars in given string under current locale.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <locale.h>

int main()
{
	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
	char moose[] = "møøse";
	printf("bytes: %d\n", sizeof(moose) - 1);
	printf("chars: %d\n", (int)mbstowcs(0, moose, 0));

	return 0;
}

output

bytes: 7
chars: 5

C++

Byte Length

{{works with|ISO C++}} {{works with|g++|4.0.2}}

#include <string> // (not <string.h>!)
using std::string;

int main()
{
  string s = "Hello, world!";
  string::size_type length = s.length(); // option 1: In Characters/Bytes
  string::size_type size = s.size();     // option 2: In Characters/Bytes
  // In bytes same as above since sizeof(char) == 1
  string::size_type bytes = s.length() * sizeof(string::value_type);
}

For wide character strings:

#include <string>
using std::wstring;

int main()
{
  wstring s = L"\u304A\u306F\u3088\u3046";
  wstring::size_type length = s.length() * sizeof(wstring::value_type); // in bytes
}

Character Length

{{works with|C++98}} {{works with|g++|4.0.2}} For wide character strings:

#include <string>
using std::wstring;

int main()
{
  wstring s = L"\u304A\u306F\u3088\u3046";
  wstring::size_type length = s.length();
}

For narrow character strings:

{{works with|C++11}} {{works with|clang++|3.0}}

#include <iostream>
#include <codecvt>
int main()
{
    std::string utf8 = "\x7a\xc3\x9f\xe6\xb0\xb4\xf0\x9d\x84\x8b"; // U+007a, U+00df, U+6c34, U+1d10b
    std::cout << "Byte length: " << utf8.size() << '\n';
    std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<char32_t>, char32_t> conv;
    std::cout << "Character length: " << conv.from_bytes(utf8).size() << '\n';
}

{{works with|C++98}} {{works with|g++|4.1.2 20061115 (prerelease) (SUSE Linux)}}

#include <cwchar>
// for mbstate_t
#include <locale>

// give the character length for a given named locale
std::size_t char_length(std::string const& text, char const* locale_name)
{
  // locales work on pointers; get length and data from string and
  // then don't touch the original string any more, to avoid
  // invalidating the data pointer
  std::size_t len = text.length();
  char const* input = text.data();

  // get the named locale
  std::locale loc(locale_name);

  // get the conversion facet of the locale
  typedef std::codecvt<wchar_t, char, std::mbstate_t> cvt_type;
  cvt_type const& cvt = std::use_facet<cvt_type>(loc);

  // allocate buffer for conversion destination
  std::size_t bufsize = cvt.max_length()*len;
  wchar_t* destbuf = new wchar_t[bufsize];
  wchar_t* dest_end;

  // do the conversion
  mbstate_t state = mbstate_t();
  cvt.in(state, input, input+len, input, destbuf, destbuf+bufsize, dest_end);

  // determine the length of the converted sequence
  std::size_t length = dest_end - destbuf;

  // get rid of the buffer
  delete[] destbuf;

  // return the result
  return length;
}

Example usage (note that the locale names are OS specific):

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
  // Tür (German for door) in UTF8
  std::cout << char_length("\x54\xc3\xbc\x72", "de_DE.utf8") << "\n"; // outputs 3

  // Tür in ISO-8859-1
  std::cout << char_length("\x54\xfc\x72", "de_DE") << "\n"; // outputs 3
}

Note that the strings are given as explicit hex sequences, so that the encoding used for the source code won't matter.

C#

'''Platform:''' [[.NET]]

{{works with|C sharp|C #|1.0+}}

Character Length

string s = "Hello, world!";
int characterLength = s.Length;

Byte Length

Strings in .NET are stored in Unicode.

using System.Text;

string s = "Hello, world!";
int byteLength = Encoding.Unicode.GetByteCount(s);

To get the number of bytes that the string would require in a different encoding, e.g., UTF8:

int utf8ByteLength = Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(s);

Clean

Byte Length

Clean Strings are unboxed arrays of characters. Characters are always a single byte. The function size returns the number of elements in an array.

import StdEnv

strlen :: String -> Int
strlen string = size string

Start = strlen "Hello, world!"

Clojure

Byte Length

(def utf-8-octet-length #(-> % (.getBytes "UTF-8") count))
(map utf-8-octet-length  ["møøse" "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"]) ; (7 28 14)

(def utf-16-octet-length (comp (partial * 2) count))
(map utf-16-octet-length ["møøse" "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"]) ; (10 28 18)

(def code-unit-length count)
(map code-unit-length    ["møøse" "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"]) ; (5 14 9)

Character length

(def character-length #(.codePointCount % 0 (count %)))
(map character-length    ["møøse" "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"]) ; (5 7 9)

Grapheme Length

(def grapheme-length
  #(->> (doto (java.text.BreakIterator/getCharacterInstance)
          (.setText %))
        (partial (memfn next))
        repeatedly
        (take-while (partial not= java.text.BreakIterator/DONE))
        count))
(map grapheme-length     ["møøse" "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"]) ; (5 7 4)

COBOL

Byte Length

FUNCTION BYTE-LENGTH(str)

Alternative, non-standard extensions: {{works with|GNU Cobol}}

{{works with|GNU Cobol}}
{{works with|Visual COBOL}}

```cobol
FUNCTION LENGTH-AN(str)

Character Length

FUNCTION LENGTH(str)

ColdFusion

Byte Length

<cfoutput>
<cfset str = "Hello World">
<cfset j = createObject("java","java.lang.String").init(str)>
<cfset t = j.getBytes()>
<p>#arrayLen(t)#</p>
</cfoutput>

Character Length

#len("Hello World")#

Common Lisp

Byte Length

In Common Lisp, there is no standard way to examine byte representations of characters, except perhaps to write a string to a file, then reopen the file as binary. However, specific implementations will have ways to do so. For example:

{{works with|SBCL}}

(length (sb-ext:string-to-octets "Hello Wørld"))

returns 12.

Character Length

Common Lisp represents strings as sequences of characters, not bytes, so there is no ambiguity about the encoding. The [http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_length.htm length] function always returns the number of characters in a string.

(length "Hello World")

returns 11, and

(length "Hello Wørld")

returns 11 too.

Component Pascal

Component Pascal encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with 16-bit value.

Character Length

MODULE TestLen;

	IMPORT Out;

	PROCEDURE DoCharLength*;
		VAR s: ARRAY 16 OF CHAR; len: INTEGER;
	BEGIN
		s := "møøse";
		len := LEN(s$);
		Out.String("s: "); Out.String(s); Out.Ln;
		Out.String("Length of characters: "); Out.Int(len, 0); Out.Ln
	END DoCharLength;

END TestLen.

A symbol ''$'' in ''LEN(s$)'' in Component Pascal allows to copy sequence of characters up to null-terminated character. So, ''LEN(s$)'' returns a real length of characters instead of allocated by variable.

Running command ''TestLen.DoCharLength'' gives following output:

s: møøse
Length of characters: 5

Byte Length

MODULE TestLen;

	IMPORT Out;

	PROCEDURE DoByteLength*;
		VAR s: ARRAY 16 OF CHAR; len, v: INTEGER;
	BEGIN
		s := "møøse";
		len := LEN(s$);
		v := SIZE(CHAR) * len;
		Out.String("s: "); Out.String(s); Out.Ln;
		Out.String("Length of characters in bytes: "); Out.Int(v, 0); Out.Ln
	END DoByteLength;

END TestLen.

Running command ''TestLen.DoByteLength'' gives following output:

s: møøse
Length of characters in bytes: 10

D

Byte Length

import std.stdio;

void showByteLen(T)(T[] str) {
    writefln("Byte length: %2d - %(%02x%)",
             str.length * T.sizeof, cast(ubyte[])str);
}

void main() {
    string s1a = "møøse"; // UTF-8
    showByteLen(s1a);
    wstring s1b = "møøse"; // UTF-16
    showByteLen(s1b);
    dstring s1c = "møøse"; // UTF-32
    showByteLen(s1c);
    writeln();

    string s2a = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
    showByteLen(s2a);
    wstring s2b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
    showByteLen(s2b);
    dstring s2c = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
    showByteLen(s2c);
    writeln();

    string s3a = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
    showByteLen(s3a);
    wstring s3b = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
    showByteLen(s3b);
    dstring s3c = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
    showByteLen(s3c);
}

{{out}}

Byte length:  7 - 6dc3b8c3b87365
Byte length: 10 - 6d00f800f80073006500
Byte length: 20 - 6d000000f8000000f80000007300000065000000

Byte length: 28 - f09d9498f09d94abf09d94a6f09d94a0f09d94acf09d94a1f09d94a2
Byte length: 28 - 35d818dd35d82bdd35d826dd35d820dd35d82cdd35d821dd35d822dd
Byte length: 28 - 18d501002bd5010026d5010020d501002cd5010021d5010022d50100

Byte length: 14 - 4accb26fccb273ccb265cc81ccb2
Byte length: 18 - 4a0032036f00320373003203650001033203
Byte length: 36 - 4a000000320300006f000000320300007300000032030000650000000103000032030000

Character Length

import std.stdio, std.range, std.conv;

void showCodePointsLen(T)(T[] str) {
    writefln("Character length: %2d - %(%x %)",
             str.walkLength(), cast(uint[])to!(dchar[])(str));
}

void main() {
    string s1a = "møøse"; // UTF-8
    showCodePointsLen(s1a);
    wstring s1b = "møøse"; // UTF-16
    showCodePointsLen(s1b);
    dstring s1c = "møøse"; // UTF-32
    showCodePointsLen(s1c);
    writeln();

    string s2a = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
    showCodePointsLen(s2a);
    wstring s2b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
    showCodePointsLen(s2b);
    dstring s2c = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢";
    showCodePointsLen(s2c);
    writeln();

    string s3a = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
    showCodePointsLen(s3a);
    wstring s3b = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
    showCodePointsLen(s3b);
    dstring s3c = "J̲o̲s̲é̲";
    showCodePointsLen(s3c);
}

{{out}}

Character length:  5 - 6d f8 f8 73 65
Character length:  5 - 6d f8 f8 73 65
Character length:  5 - 6d f8 f8 73 65

Character length:  7 - 1d518 1d52b 1d526 1d520 1d52c 1d521 1d522
Character length:  7 - 1d518 1d52b 1d526 1d520 1d52c 1d521 1d522
Character length:  7 - 1d518 1d52b 1d526 1d520 1d52c 1d521 1d522

Character length:  9 - 4a 332 6f 332 73 332 65 301 332
Character length:  9 - 4a 332 6f 332 73 332 65 301 332
Character length:  9 - 4a 332 6f 332 73 332 65 301 332

DataWeave

Character Length

sizeOf("foo")

{{out}}

3

Dc

Byte Length

Dc's "P" command prints numbers as strings. The number 22405534230753963835153736737 (hint: look at it in hex) represents "Hello world!". Counting the byte length of it is counting how often it iteratively can be divided by 256 with non zero result. The snippet defines the macro which calculates the length, prints the string 1st and then its length.

[256 / d 0<L 1 + ] sL
22405534230753963835153736737 d P A P
lL x f

Hello world!
12

Character Length

The following code output 5, which is the length of the string "abcde"

[abcde]Zp

=={{header|Déjà Vu}}==

Byte Length

Byte length depends on the encoding, which internally is UTF-8, but users of the language can only get at the raw bytes after encoding a string into a blob.

!. len !encode!utf-8 "møøse"
!. len !encode!utf-8 "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"

{{out}}

7
28

Character Length

!. len "møøse"
!. len "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"

{{out}}

5
7

E

Character Length

"Hello World".size()

Elena

Character Length

ELENA 4.x :

import extensions;

public program()
{
    var s := "Hello, world!";             // UTF-8 literal
    var ws := "Привет мир!"w;             // UTF-16 literal

    var s_length := s.Length;             // Number of UTF-8 characters
    var ws_length := ws.Length;           // Number of UTF-16 characters
    var u_length := ws.toArray().Length;    //Number of UTF-32 characters
}

Byte Length

ELENA 4.x :

import extensions;

public program()
{
    var s := "Hello, world!";                     // UTF-8 literal
    var ws := "Привет мир!"w;                     // UTF-16 literal

    var s_byte_length := s.toByteArray().Length;  // Number of bytes
    var ws_byte_length := ws.toByteArray().Length;  // Number of bytes
}

Elixir

Byte Length

name = "J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}"
byte_size(name)
# => 14

Character Length

name = "J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}"
Enum.count(String.codepoints(name))
# => 9

Grapheme Length

name = "J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}"
String.length(name)
# => 4

Emacs Lisp

Character Length

(length "hello")
=> 5

Byte Length

(string-bytes "\u1D518\u1D52B\u1D526")
=> 12

string-bytes is the length of Emacs' internal representation. In Emacs 23 up this is utf-8. In earlier versions it was "emacs-mule".

Display Length

string-width is the displayed width of a string in the current frame and window. This is not the same as grapheme length since various Asian characters may display in 2 columns, depending on the type of tty or GUI.

(let ((str (apply 'string
                  (mapcar (lambda (c) (decode-char 'ucs c))
                          '(#x1112 #x1161 #x11ab #x1100 #x1173 #x11af)))))
  (list (length str)
        (string-bytes str)
        (string-width str)))
=> (6 18 4)  ;; in emacs 23 up

Erlang

Character Length

Strings are lists of integers in Erlang. So "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" is the list [120088,120107,120102,120096,120108,120097,120098].

9> U = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢".
[120088,120107,120102,120096,120108,120097,120098]
10> erlang:length(U).
7

Euphoria

Character Length

print(1,length("Hello World"))

=={{header|F_Sharp|F#}}== This is delegated to the standard .Net framework string and encoding functions.

Byte Length

open System.Text
let byte_length str = Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(str)

Character Length

"Hello, World".Length

Factor

Byte Length

Here are two words to compute the byte length of strings. The first one doesn't allocate new memory, the second one can easily be adapted to measure the byte length of encodings other than UTF8.

: string-byte-length ( string -- n ) [ code-point-length ] map-sum ;
: string-byte-length-2 ( string -- n ) utf8 encode length ;

Character Length

length works on any sequece, of which strings are one. Strings are UTF8 encoded.

## Fantom



### Byte length


A string can be converted into an instance of <code>Buf</code> to treat the string as a sequence of bytes according to a given charset: the default is UTF8, but 16-bit representations can also be used.


```fantom

fansh> c := "møøse"
møøse
fansh> c.toBuf.size   // find the byte length of the string in default (UTF8) encoding
7
fansh> c.toBuf.toHex  // display UTF8 representation
6dc3b8c3b87365
fansh> c.toBuf(Charset.utf16LE).size    // byte length in UTF16 little-endian
10
fansh> c.toBuf(Charset.utf16LE).toHex   // display as UTF16 little-endian
6d00f800f80073006500
fansh> c.toBuf(Charset.utf16BE).size    // byte length in UTF16 big-endian
10
fansh> c.toBuf(Charset.utf16BE).toHex   // display as UTF16 big-endian
006d00f800f800730065

Character length

fansh> c := "møøse"
møøse
fansh> c.size
5

Forth

{{works with|ANS Forth}}

Byte Length

Strings in Forth come in two forms, neither of which are the null-terminated form commonly used in the C standard library.

'''Counted string'''

A counted string is a single pointer to a short string in memory. The string's first byte is the count of the number of characters in the string. This is how symbols are stored in a Forth dictionary.

CREATE s ," Hello world" \ create string "s"
s C@ ( -- length=11 )
s COUNT  ( addr len )   \ convert to a stack string, described below

'''Stack string'''

A string on the stack is represented by a pair of cells: the address of the string data and the length of the string data (in characters). The word '''COUNT''' converts a counted string into a stack string. The STRING utility wordset of ANS Forth works on these addr-len pairs. This representation has the advantages of not requiring null-termination, easy representation of substrings, and not being limited to 255 characters.

S" string" ( addr len)
DUP .   \ 6

Character Length

The 1994 ANS standard does not have any notion of a particular character encoding, although it distinguishes between character and machine-word addresses. (There is some ongoing work on standardizing an "XCHAR" wordset for dealing with strings in particular encodings such as UTF-8.)

The following code will count the number of UTF-8 characters in a null-terminated string. It relies on the fact that all bytes of a UTF-8 character except the first have the the binary bit pattern "10xxxxxx".

2 base !
: utf8+ ( str -- str )
  begin
    char+
    dup c@
    11000000 and
    10000000 <>
  until ;
decimal

: count-utf8 ( zstr -- n )
  0
  begin
    swap dup c@
  while
    utf8+
    swap 1+
  repeat drop ;

Fortran

Fortran 77 introduced variables of type CHARACTER and associated syntax. These are fixed-size entities, declared at compile time as in CHARACTER66 TEXT, however a subroutine (or function) receiving such a variable could declare it as CHARACTER(*) TEXT so that any size may be supplied to the routine, and with F90 came the ability within subroutines (or functions) to declare items of a size determined at run time. There is no associated length variable, as with strings that have both a content ''and'' a length, nor is there a special character value (such as zero) deemed to mark the end-of-text in such a variable to give string-like facilities. However, with F90 came facilities, standardised in F2003 whereby a CHARACTER variable could be re-allocated exactly the right amount of storage whenever it was assigned to. So, TEXT = "this" would cause TEXT to become a CHARACTER variable of length four, adjusted so at run time. Again, the length information is not associated with the variable itself, for instance as the content of a character zero prefixing the content to enable strings of a length up to 255. The length information must be stored somewhere...

Previously, character data would be stored in arithmetic variables, using format codes such as A1 to store one character per variable, which might be an integer or a floating-point variable of much larger size. Format A2 would store two such characters, and so on. Code A1 would give ease of manipulation, while A8 (say for a REAL*8 variable) would save space. Numerical values would be strange, and word sizes may not be a multiple of eight bits nor character encodements require eight bits, especially on a decimal computer such as the IBM1620 where storage usage was counted in digits, and a character required two.

An intrinsic function LEN(text) reports the number of characters in the variable (with no consideration of any storage needed anywhere to hold the length), while SIZE(array) reports the number of elements in an array and SIZEOF(''x'') may be available to report the number of bytes of storage of ''x''. Since these days, everyone uses computers with eight-bit characters and this is deemed universal, the result from LEN will be equivalent to both a byte and a character count.

There is no facility for fancy Unicode schemes, other than by writing suitable routines. In that regard, plotting packages often supply a special function that returns the length of a text string, ''as it would appear on the plot, in plotting units'', especially useful when the plotter's rendition of text employs a proportionally-spaced typeface and interprets superscripts and subscripts and so forth, so that the programmer can prepare code to juggle with the layout, perhaps of mathematical expressions. This is of course not in any standard.

Byte Length

LEN(text)

Character Length

LEN(text)

FreeBASIC

' FB 1.05.0 Win64

Dim s As String      = "moose"  '' variable length ascii string
Dim f As String  * 5 = "moose"  '' fixed length ascii string (in practice a zero byte is appended)
Dim z As ZString * 6 = "moose"  '' fixed length zero terminated ascii string
Dim w As WString * 6 = "møøse"  '' fixed length zero terminated unicode string

' Variable length strings have a descriptor consisting of 3 Integers (12 bytes on 32 bit, 24 bytes on 64 bit systems)
' In order, the descriptor contains the address of the data, the memory currently used and the memory allocated

' In Windows, WString uses UCS-2 encoding (i.e. 2 bytes per character, surrogates are not supported)
' In Linux,   WString uses UCS-4 encoding (i.e. 4 bytes per character)

' The Len function always returns the length of the string in characters
' The SizeOf function returns the bytes used (by the descriptor in the case of variable length strings)

Print "s : " ; s, "Character Length : "; Len(s), "Byte Length : "; Len(s); "  (data)"
Print "s : " ; s, "Character Length : "; Len(s), "Byte Length : "; SizeOf(s); " (descriptor)"
Print "f : " ; f, "Character Length : "; Len(s), "Byte Length : "; SizeOf(f)
Print "z : " ; z, "Character Length : "; Len(s), "Byte Length : "; SizeOf(z)
Print "w : " ; w, "Character Length : "; Len(s), "Byte Length : "; SizeOf(w)
Print
Sleep

{{out}}

s : moose     Character Length :  5       Byte Length :  5  (data)
s : moose     Character Length :  5       Byte Length :  24 (descriptor)
f : moose     Character Length :  5       Byte Length :  6
z : moose     Character Length :  5       Byte Length :  6
w : møøse     Character Length :  5       Byte Length :  12

Frink

Byte Length

A string can be converted to an array of bytes in any supported encoding.

b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
length[stringToBytes[b, "UTF-8"]]

Character Length

Frink's string operations correctly handle upper-plane Unicode characters as a single codepoint.

b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
length[b]

Grapheme Length

b = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
graphemeLength[b]

GAP

Length("abc");
# or same result with
Size("abc");

Gnuplot

Byte Length

print strlen("hello")
=> 5

Go

=Byte Length=

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    m := "møøse"
    u := "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
    j := "J̲o̲s̲é̲"
    fmt.Printf("%d %s % x\n", len(m), m, m)
    fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", len(u), u, u)
    fmt.Printf("%d %s % x\n", len(j), j, j)
}

Output:

7 møøse 6d c3 b8 c3 b8 73 65
28 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 f09d9498f09d94abf09d94a6f09d94a0f09d94acf09d94a1f09d94a2
14 J̲o̲s̲é̲ 4a cc b2 6f cc b2 73 cc b2 65 cc 81 cc b2

=Character Length=

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unicode/utf8"
)

func main() {
    m := "møøse"
    u := "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
    j := "J̲o̲s̲é̲"
    fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", utf8.RuneCountInString(m), m, []rune(m))
    fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", utf8.RuneCountInString(u), u, []rune(u))
    fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", utf8.RuneCountInString(j), j, []rune(j))
}

Output:

5 møøse [6d f8 f8 73 65]
7 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 [1d518 1d52b 1d526 1d520 1d52c 1d521 1d522]
9 J̲o̲s̲é̲ [4a 332 6f 332 73 332 65 301 332]

Grapheme Length

Go does not have language or library features to recognize graphemes directly. For example, it does not provide functions implementing [http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/ Unicode Standard Annex #29, Unicode Text Segmentation]. It does however have convenient functions for recognizing Unicode character categories, and so an expected subset of grapheme possibilites is easy to recognize. Here is a solution recognizing the category "Mn", which includes the combining characters used in the task example.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unicode"
    "unicode/utf8"
)

func main() {
    m := "møøse"
    u := "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
    j := "J̲o̲s̲é̲"
    fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", grLen(m), m, []rune(m))
    fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", grLen(u), u, []rune(u))
    fmt.Printf("%d %s %x\n", grLen(j), j, []rune(j))
}

func grLen(s string) int {
    if len(s) == 0 {
        return 0
    }
    gr := 1
    _, s1 := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s)
    for _, r := range s[s1:] {
        if !unicode.Is(unicode.Mn, r) {
            gr++
        }
    }
    return gr
}

Output:

5 møøse [6d f8 f8 73 65]
7 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 [1d518 1d52b 1d526 1d520 1d52c 1d521 1d522]
4 J̲o̲s̲é̲ [4a 332 6f 332 73 332 65 301 332]

Groovy

Calculating "Byte-length" (by which one typically means "in-memory storage size in bytes") is not possible through the facilities of the Groovy language alone. Calculating "Character length" is built into the Groovy extensions to java.lang.String.

Character Length

println "Hello World!".size()

Output:

12

Note: The Java "String.length()" method also works in Groovy, but "size()" is consistent with usage in other sequential or composite types.

=={{header|GW-BASIC}}== GW-BASIC only supports single-byte characters.

10 INPUT A$
20 PRINT LEN(A$)

Haskell

Byte Length

It is not possible to determine the "byte length" of an ordinary string, because in Haskell, a string is a boxed list of unicode characters. So each character in a string is represented as whatever the compiler considers as the most efficient representation of a cons-cell and a unicode character, and not as a byte.

For efficient storage of sequences of bytes, there's ''Data.ByteString'', which uses ''Word8'' as a base type. Byte strings have an additional ''Data.ByteString.Char8'' interface, which will truncate each Unicode ''Char'' to 8 bits as soon as it is converted to a byte string. However, this is not adequate for the task, because truncation simple will garble characters other than Latin-1, instead of encoding them into UTF-8, say.

There are several (non-standard, so far) Unicode encoding libraries available on [http://hackage.haskell.org/ Hackage]. As an example, we'll use [http://hackage.haskell.org/packages/archive/encoding/0.2/doc/html/Data-Encoding.html encoding-0.2], as ''Data.Encoding'':

import Data.Encoding
import Data.ByteString as B

strUTF8  :: ByteString
strUTF8  = encode UTF8  "Hello World!"

strUTF32 :: ByteString
strUTF32 = encode UTF32 "Hello World!"

strlenUTF8  = B.length strUTF8
strlenUTF32 = B.length strUTF32

Character Length

{{works with|GHC|GHCi|6.6}} {{works with|Hugs}} The base type ''Char'' defined by the standard is already intended for (plain) Unicode characters.

strlen = length "Hello, world!"

HicEst

LEN("1 character == 1 byte") ! 21

=={{header|Icon}} and {{header|Unicon}}==

= Character Length =

   length := *s

Note: Neither Icon nor Unicon currently supports double-byte character sets.

HolyC

Byte Length

U8 *string = "Hello, world!";
Print("%d\n", StrLen(string));

IDL

Byte Length

{{needs-review|IDL}} '''Compiler:''' any IDL compiler should do

length = strlen("Hello, world!")

Character Length

{{needs-review|IDL}}

length = strlen("Hello, world!")

Io

Byte Length

"møøse" sizeInBytes

Character Length

"møøse" size

J

Byte Length

   #     'møøse'
7

Here we use the default encoding for character literals (8 bit wide literals).

Character Length

   #7 u: 'møøse'
5

Here we have used 16 bit wide character literals. See also the dictionary page for [http://www.jsoftware.com/help/dictionary/duco.htm u:].

Java

Byte Length

Java encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with one or two 16-bit values.

Another way to know the byte length of a string -who cares- is to explicitly specify the charset we desire.

String s = "Hello, world!";
int byteCountUTF16 = s.getBytes("UTF-16").length; // Incorrect: it yields 28 (that is with the BOM)
int byteCountUTF16LE = s.getBytes("UTF-16LE").length; // Correct: it yields 26
int byteCountUTF8  = s.getBytes("UTF-8").length; // yields 13

Character Length

Java encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character (''code point'') with one or two 16-bit ''code units''. This is a variable-length encoding scheme. The most commonly used characters are represented by one 16-bit code unit, while rarer ones like some mathematical symbols are represented by two.

The length method of String objects is not the length of that String in characters. Instead, it only gives the number of 16-bit code units used to encode a string. This is not (always) the number of Unicode characters (code points) in the string.

String s = "Hello, world!";
int not_really_the_length = s.length(); // XXX: does not (always) count Unicode characters (code points)!

Since Java 1.5, the actual number of characters (code points) can be determined by calling the codePointCount method.

String str = "\uD834\uDD2A"; //U+1D12A
int not_really__the_length = str.length(); // value is 2, which is not the length in characters
int actual_length = str.codePointCount(0, str.length()); // value is 1, which is the length in characters

Grapheme Length

import java.text.BreakIterator;

public class Grapheme {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    printLength("møøse");
    printLength("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢");
    printLength("J̲o̲s̲é̲");
  }

  public static void printLength(String s) {
    BreakIterator it = BreakIterator.getCharacterInstance();
    it.setText(s);
    int count = 0;
    while (it.next() != BreakIterator.DONE) {
      count++;
    }
    System.out.println("Grapheme length: " + count+ " " + s);
  }
}

Output:

Grapheme length: 5 møøse
Grapheme length: 7 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢
Grapheme length: 4 J̲o̲s̲é̲

JavaScript

Byte Length

JavaScript encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with one or two 16-bit values. The length property of string objects gives the number of 16-bit values used to encode a string, so the number of bytes can be determined by doubling that number.

var s = "Hello, world!";
var byteCount = s.length * 2; //26

Character Length

JavaScript encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with one or two 16-bit values. The most commonly used characters are represented by one 16-bit value, while rarer ones like some mathematical symbols are represented by two.

JavaScript has no built-in way to determine how many characters are in a string. However, if the string only contains commonly used characters, the number of characters will be equal to the number of 16-bit values used to represent the characters.

var str1 = "Hello, world!";
var len1 = str1.length; //13

var str2 = "\uD834\uDD2A"; //U+1D12A represented by a UTF-16 surrogate pair
var len2 = str2.length; //2

ES6 destructuring/iterators

ES6 provides several ways to get a string split into an array of code points instead of UTF-16 code units:

let
  str='AöЖ€𝄞'
 ,countofcodeunits=str.length // 6
 ,cparr=[...str],
 ,countofcodepoints=cparr.length; // 5
{ let
    count=0
  for(let codepoint of str)
    count++
  countofcodepoints=count // 5
}
{ let
    count=0,
    it=str[Symbol.iterator]()
  while(!it.next().done)
    count++
  countofcodepoints=count // 5
}
{ cparr=Array.from(str)
  countofcodepoints=cparr.length // 5
}

jq

jq strings are JSON strings and are therefore encoded as UTF-8. When given a JSON string, the length filter emits the number of Unicode codepoints that it contains:

$ cat String_length.jq
def describe:
   "length of \(.) is \(length)";

("J̲o̲s̲é̲", "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢") | describe

$ jq -n -f String_length.jq
"length of J̲o̲s̲é̲ is 8"
"length of 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 is 7"

Kotlin

As in Java, a string in Kotlin is essentially a sequence of UTF-16 encoded characters and the 'length' property simply returns the number of such characters in the string. Surrogates or graphemes are not treated specially for this purpose - they are just represented by the appropriate number of UTF-16 characters.

As each UTF-16 character occupies 2 bytes, it follows that the number of bytes occupied by the string will be twice the length:

// version 1.0.6
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val s = "José"
    println("The char length is ${s.length}")
    println("The byte length is ${Character.BYTES * s.length}")
}

{{out}}

The char length is 4
The byte length is 8

Julia

Julia encodes strings as UTF-8, so the byte length (via sizeof) will be different from the string length (via length) only if the string contains non-ASCII characters.

Byte Length

sizeof("Hello, world!") # gives 13
sizeof("Hellö, wørld!") # gives 15

Character Length

length("Hello, world!") # gives 13
length("Hellö, wørld!") # gives 13

JudoScript

Byte Length

{{needs-review|JudoScript}}

//Store length of hello world in length and print it
. length = "Hello World".length();

Character Length

{{needs-review| JudoScript}}

//Store length of hello world in length and print it
. length = "Hello World".length()

K

Character Length

    #"Hello, world!"
13
    #"Hëllo, world!"
13

LabVIEW

Byte Length

LabVIEW is using a special variant of UTF-8, so byte length == character length.

Character Length

[[File:LV strlen.png]]

Lasso

Character Length

'Hello, world!'->size // 13
'møøse'->size // 5
'𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢'->size // 7

Byte Length

'Hello, world!'->asBytes->size // 13
'møøse'->asBytes->size // 7
'𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢'->asBytes->size // 28

LFE

Character Length

(length "ASCII text")
10
(length "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 𝔗𝔢𝒙𝔱")
12
> (set encoded (binary ("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 𝔗𝔢𝒙𝔱" utf8)))
#B(240 157 148 152 240 157 148 171 240 157 ...)
> (length (unicode:characters_to_list encoded 'utf8))
12

Byte Length

> (set encoded (binary ("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 𝔗𝔢𝒙𝔱" utf8)))
#B(240 157 148 152 240 157 148 171 240 157 ...)
> (byte_size encoded)
45
> (set bytes (binary ("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢 𝔗𝔢𝒙𝔱")))
#B(24 43 38 32 44 33 34 32 23 34 153 49)
> (byte_size bytes)
12
> (set encoded (binary ("ASCII text" utf8)))
#B(65 83 67 73 73 32 116 101 120 116)
> (byte_size encoded)
10

Liberty BASIC

See BASIC

Lingo

Character Length

utf8Str = "Hello world äöü"
put utf8Str.length
-- 15

Byte Length

utf8Str = "Hello world äöü"
put bytearray(utf8Str).length
-- 18

Logo

Logo is so old that only ASCII encoding is supported. Modern versions of Logo may have enhanced character set support.

print count "|Hello World|  ; 11
print count "møøse            ; 5
print char 248   ; ø - implies ISO-Latin character set

LSE64

Byte Length

LSE stores strings as arrays of characters in 64-bit cells plus a count.

" Hello world" @ 1 + 8 * ,   # 96 = (11+1)*(size of a cell) = 12*8

Character Length

LSE uses counted strings: arrays of characters, where the first cell contains the number of characters in the string.

" Hello world" @ ,   # 11

Lua

{{works with|Lua|5.0+}}

In Lua, a character is always the size of one byte so there is no difference between byte length and character length.

Byte Length

str = "Hello world"
length = #str

or

str = "Hello world"
length = string.len(str)

Character Length

str = "Hello world"
length = #str

or

str = "Hello world"
length = string.len(str)

M2000 Interpreter

A$=format$("J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332")
Print Len(A$) = 9  ' true Utf-16LE
Print Len.Disp(A$) = 4 \\ display length
Buffer Clear Mem as Byte*100
\\ Write at memory at offset 0 or address Mem(0)
Return Mem, 0:=A$
Print Eval$(Mem, 0, 18)
For i=0 to 17 step 2
      \\ print hex value and character
      Hex Eval(Mem, i as integer), ChrCode$(Eval(Mem, i as integer))
Next i
Document B$=A$
\\ encode to utf-8 with BOM (3 bytes 0xEF,0xBB,0xBF)
Save.Doc B$, "Checklen.doc", 2
Print Filelen("Checklen.doc")=17
\\ So length is 14 bytes + 3 the BOM

Maple

Character length

length("Hello world");

Byte count

nops(convert("Hello world",bytes));

Mathematica

Character length

StringLength["Hello world"]

Byte length

StringByteCount["Hello world"]

MATLAB

Character Length

 length('møøse')

ans =

     5

Byte Length

MATLAB apparently encodes strings using UTF-16.

 numel(dec2hex('møøse'))

ans =

    10

Maxima

s: "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
slength(s);
/* 43 */

MAXScript

Character Length

"Hello world".count

Mercury

Mercury's C and Erlang backends use UTF-8 encoded strings; the Java and C# backends using the underlying UTF-16 encoding of those languages. The function string.length/1 returns the number of code units in a string in target language encoding. The function string.count_utf8_code_units/1 returns the number of UTF-8 code units in a string regardless of the target language.

Byte Length

:- module string_byte_length.
:- interface.

:- import_module io.

:- pred main(io::di, io::uo) is det.

:- implementation.

:- import_module list, string.

main(!IO) :-
    Words = ["møøse", "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢", "J\x332\o\x332\s\x332\e\x301\\x332\"],
    io.write_list(Words, "", write_length, !IO).

:- pred write_length(string::in, io::di, io::uo) is det.

write_length(String, !IO):-
    NumBytes = count_utf8_code_units(String),
    io.format("%s: %d bytes\n", [s(String), i(NumBytes)], !IO).

Output:

møøse: 7 bytes
𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢: 28 bytes
J̲o̲s̲é̲: 14 bytes

Character Length

The function string.count_codepoints/1 returns the number of code points in a string.

:- module string_character_length.
:- interface.

:- import_module io.

:- pred main(io::di, io::uo) is det.

:- implementation.

:- import_module list, string.

main(!IO) :-
    Words = ["møøse", "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢", "J\x332\o\x332\s\x332\e\x301\\x332\"],
    io.write_list(Words, "", write_length, !IO).

:- pred write_length(string::in, io::di, io::uo) is det.

write_length(String, !IO) :-
    NumChars = count_codepoints(String),
    io.format("%s: %d characters\n", [s(String), i(NumChars)], !IO).

Output:

møøse: 5 characters
𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢: 7 characters
J̲o̲s̲é̲: 9 characters

Metafont

Metafont has no way of handling properly encodings different from ASCII. So it is able to count only the number of bytes in a string.

string s;
s := "Hello Moose";
show length(s);          % 11 (ok)
s := "Hello Møøse";
show length(s);          % 13 (number of bytes when the string is UTF-8 encoded,
                         % since ø takes two bytes)

'''Note''': in the lang tag, Møøse is Latin1-reencoded, showing up two bytes (as Latin1) instead of one

MIPS Assembly

This only supports ASCII encoding, so it'll return both byte length and char length.

.data
	#.asciiz automatically adds the NULL terminator character, \0 for us.
	string: .asciiz "Nice string you got there!"

.text
main:
	la $a1,string           #load the beginning address of the string.

loop:
	lb $a2,($a1)            #load byte (i.e. the char) at $a1 into $a2
	addi $a1,$a1,1          #increment $a1
	beqz $a2,exit_procedure #see if we've hit the NULL char yet
	addi $a0,$a0,1          #increment counter
	j loop                  #back to start

exit_procedure:
	li $v0,1                #set syscall to print integer
	syscall

	li $v0,10               #set syscall to cleanly exit EXIT_SUCCESS
	syscall

mIRC Scripting Language

Byte Length

{{needs-review|mIRC Scripting Language}}

alias stringlength { echo -a Your Name is: $len($$?="Whats your name") letters long! }

Character Length

{{needs-review|mIRC Scripting Language}} ''$utfdecode()'' converts an UTF-8 string to the locale encoding, with unrepresentable characters as question marks. Since mIRC is not yet fully Unicode aware, entering Unicode text trough a dialog box will automatically convert it to ASCII.

alias utf8len { return $len($utfdecode($1)) }
alias stringlength2 {
  var %name = Børje
  echo -a %name is: $utf8len(%name) characters long!
}

=={{header|Modula-3}}==

Byte Length

MODULE ByteLength EXPORTS Main;

IMPORT IO, Fmt, Text;

VAR s: TEXT := "Foo bar baz";

BEGIN
  IO.Put("Byte length of s: " & Fmt.Int((Text.Length(s) * BYTESIZE(s))) & "\n");
END ByteLength.

Character Length

MODULE StringLength EXPORTS Main;

IMPORT IO, Fmt, Text;

VAR s: TEXT := "Foo bar baz";

BEGIN
  IO.Put("String length of s: " & Fmt.Int(Text.Length(s)) & "\n");
END StringLength.

NewLISP

Character Length

(set 'Str "møøse")
(println  Str  " is " (length Str) " characters long")

Nemerle

Both examples rely on .Net faculties, so they're almost identical to C#

Character Length

def message = "How long am I anyways?";
def charlength = message.Length;

Byte Length

using System.Text;

def message = "How long am I anyways?";
def bytelength = Encoding.Unicode.GetByteCount(message);

Nim

Byte Length

var s: string = "Hello, world! ☺"
echo '"',s, '"'," has byte length: ", len(s)

# ->  "Hello, world! ☺" has unicode char length: 17

Character Length

import unicode

var s: string = "Hello, world! ☺"
echo '"',s, '"'," has unicode char length: ", runeLen(s)

# ->  "Hello, world! ☺" has unicode char length: 15

=={{header|Oberon-2}}==

Byte Length

MODULE Size;

   IMPORT Out;

   VAR s: LONGINT;
      string: ARRAY 5 OF CHAR;

BEGIN
   string := "Foo";
   s := LEN(string);
   Out.String("Size: ");
   Out.LongInt(s,0);
   Out.Ln;
END Size.

Output:

Size: 5

Character Length

MODULE Length;

   IMPORT Out, Strings;

   VAR l: INTEGER;
      string: ARRAY 5 OF CHAR;

BEGIN
   string := "Foo";
   l := Strings.Length(string);
   Out.String("Length: ");
   Out.Int(l,0);
   Out.Ln;
END Length.

Output:

Length: 3

=={{header|Objective-C}}== In order to be not ambiguous about the encoding used in the string, we explicitly provide it in UTF-8 encoding. The string is "møøse" (ø UTF-8 encoded is in hexadecimal C3 B8).

Character Length

Objective-C encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character (''code point'') with one or two 16-bit ''code units''. This is a variable-length encoding scheme. The most commonly used characters are represented by one 16-bit code unit, while "supplementary characters" are represented by two (called a "surrogate pair").

The length method of NSString objects is not the length of that string in characters. Instead, it only gives the number of 16-bit code units used to encode a string. This is not (always) the number of Unicode characters (code points) in the string.

// Return the length in characters
// XXX: does not (always) count Unicode characters (code points)!
unsigned int numberOfCharacters = [@"møøse" length];  // 5

Since Mac OS X 10.6, CFString has methods for converting between supplementary characters and surrogate pair. However, the easiest way to get the number of characters is probably to encode it in UTF-32 (which is a fixed-length encoding) and divide by 4:

int realCharacterCount = [s lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding: NSUTF32StringEncoding] / 4;

Byte Length

Objective-C encodes strings in UTF-16, which represents each character with one or two 16-bit values. The length method of NSString objects returns the number of 16-bit values used to encode a string, so the number of bytes can be determined by doubling that number.

int byteCount = [@"møøse" length] * 2; // 10

Another way to know the byte length of a string is to explicitly specify the charset we desire.

// Return the number of bytes depending on the encoding,
// here explicitly UTF-8
unsigned numberOfBytes =
   [@"møøse" lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding]; // 7

Objeck

All character string elements are 1-byte in size therefore a string's byte size and length are the same.

Character Length

"Foo"->Size()->PrintLine();

Byte Length

"Foo"->Size()->PrintLine();

OCaml

In OCaml currently, characters inside the standard type string are bytes, and a single character taken alone has the same binary representation as the OCaml int (which is equivalent to a C long) which is a machine word.

For internationalization there is [https://github.com/yoriyuki/Camomile Camomile], a comprehensive Unicode library for OCaml. Camomile provides Unicode character type, UTF-8, UTF-16, and more...

Byte Length

Standard OCaml strings are classic ASCII ISO 8859-1, so the function String.length returns the byte length which is the character length in this encoding:

String.length "Hello world" ;;

Character Length

While using the '''UTF8''' module of ''Camomile'' the byte length of an utf8 encoded string will be get with String.length and the character length will be returned by UTF8.length:

open CamomileLibrary

let () =
  Printf.printf " %d\n" (String.length "møøse");
  Printf.printf " %d\n" (UTF8.length "møøse");
;;

Run this code with the command:

$ ocaml bigarray.cma -I $(ocamlfind query camomile)/library/ camomileLibrary.cma strlen.ml
 7
 5

Octave

s = "string";
stringlen = length(s)

This gives the number of bytes, not of characters. e.g. length("è") is 2 when "è" is encoded e.g. as UTF-8.

Oforth

Oforth strings are UTF8 encoded.

size method returns number of UTF8 characters into a string

basicSize method returns number of bytes into a string

Ol

; Character length
(print (string-length "Hello, wørld!"))
; ==> 13

; Byte (utf-8 encoded) length
(print (length (string->bytes "Hello, wørld!")))
; ==> 14

OpenEdge/Progress

The codepage can be set independently for input / output and internal operations. The following examples are started from an iso8859-1 session and therefore need to use fix-codepage to adjust the string to utf-8.

Character Length

DEF VAR lcc AS LONGCHAR.

FIX-CODEPAGE( lcc ) = "UTF-8".
lcc = "møøse".

MESSAGE LENGTH( lcc ) VIEW-AS ALERT-BOX.

Byte Length

DEF VAR lcc AS LONGCHAR.

FIX-CODEPAGE( lcc ) = "UTF-8".
lcc = "møøse".

MESSAGE LENGTH( lcc, "RAW" ) VIEW-AS ALERT-BOX.

Oz

Byte Length

{Show {Length "Hello World"}}

Oz uses a single-byte encoding by default. So for normal strings, this will also show the correct character length.

PARI/GP

Character Length

Characters = bytes in Pari; the underlying strings are C strings interpreted as US-ASCII.

len(s)=#s; \\ Alternately, len(s)=length(s); or even len=length;

Byte Length

This works on objects of any sort, not just strings, and includes overhead.

len(s)=sizebyte(s);

Pascal

Byte Length

const
  s = 'abcdef';
begin
  writeln (length(s))
end.

Output:

6

Perl

Byte Length

{{works with|Perl|5.8}}

Strings in Perl consist of characters. Measuring the byte length therefore requires conversion to some binary representation (called encoding, both noun and verb).

use utf8; # so we can use literal characters like ☺ in source
use Encode qw(encode);

print length encode 'UTF-8', "Hello, world! ☺";
# 17. The last character takes 3 bytes, the others 1 byte each.

print length encode 'UTF-16', "Hello, world! ☺";
# 32. 2 bytes for the BOM, then 15 byte pairs for each character.

Character Length

{{works with|Perl|5.X}}

my $length = length "Hello, world!";

Grapheme Length

Since Perl 5.12, /\X/ matches an ''extended grapheme cluster''. See [http://perldoc.perl.org/perl5120delta.html#Unicode-overhaul "Unicode overhaul" in perl5120delta] and also [http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/ UAX #29].

Perl understands that "\x{1112}\x{1161}\x{11ab}\x{1100}\x{1173}\x{11af}" (한글) contains 2 graphemes, just like "\x{d55c}\x{ae00}" (한글). The longer string uses Korean combining jamo characters.

{{works with|Perl|5.12}}

use v5.12;
my $string = "\x{1112}\x{1161}\x{11ab}\x{1100}\x{1173}\x{11af}";  # 한글
my $len;
$len++ while ($string =~ /\X/g);
printf "Grapheme length: %d\n", $len;

{{out}}

Grapheme length: 2

Perl 6

Byte Length

say 'møøse'.encode('UTF-8').bytes;

Character Length

say 'møøse'.codes;

Grapheme Length

say 'møøse'.chars;

Phix

The standard length function returns the number of bytes, character length is achieved by converting to utf32

constant s = "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
?length(s)
?length(utf8_to_utf32(s))

{{out}}

28
7

PHP

Program in a UTF8 linux:

<?php
foreach (array('møøse', '𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', 'J̲o̲s̲é̲') as $s1) {
   printf('String "%s" measured with strlen: %d mb_strlen: %s grapheme_strlen %s%s',
                  $s1, strlen($s1),mb_strlen($s1), grapheme_strlen($s1), PHP_EOL);
}

yields the result:

String "møøse" measured with strlen: 7 mb_strlen: 7 grapheme_strlen 5
String "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" measured with strlen: 28 mb_strlen: 28 grapheme_strlen 7
String "J̲o̲s̲é̲" measured with strlen: 13 mb_strlen: 13 grapheme_strlen 4

PicoLisp

(let Str "møøse"
   (prinl "Character Length of \"" Str "\" is " (length Str))
   (prinl "Byte Length of \"" Str "\" is " (size Str)) )

Output:

Character Length of "møøse" is 5
Byte Length of "møøse" is 7
-> 7

PL/I

declare WS widechar (13) initial ('Hello world.');
put ('Character length=', length (WS));
put skip list ('Byte length=', size(WS));

declare SM graphic (13) initial ('Hello world');
put ('Character length=', length(SM));
put skip list ('Byte length=', size(trim(SM)));

PL/SQL

LENGTH calculates length using characters as defined by the input character set. LENGTHB uses bytes instead of characters. LENGTHC uses Unicode complete characters. LENGTH2 uses UCS2 code points. LENGTH4 uses UCS4 code points.

Byte Length

DECLARE
  string VARCHAR2(50) := 'Hello, world!';
  stringlength NUMBER;
BEGIN
  stringlength := LENGTHB(string);
END;

Character Length

DECLARE
  string VARCHAR2(50) := 'Hello, world!';
  stringlength NUMBER;
  unicodelength NUMBER;
  ucs2length NUMBER;
  ucs4length NUMBER;
BEGIN
  stringlength := LENGTH(string);
  unicodelength := LENGTHC(string);
  ucs2length := LENGTH2(string);
  ucs4length := LENGTH4(string);
END;

Pop11

Byte Length

Currently Pop11 supports only strings consisting of 1-byte units. Strings can carry arbitrary binary data, so user can for example use UTF-8 (however builtin procedures will treat each byte as a single character). The length function for strings returns length in bytes:

lvars str = 'Hello, world!';
lvars len = length(str);

PostScript

Character Length

## Potion


### Character Length


```potion
"møøse" length print
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" length print
"J̲o̲s̲é̲" length print

$s = "Hëlló Wørłð"
$s.Length

$s = "Hëlló Wørłð"
[System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetByteCount($s)

[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetByteCount($s)

 a = Len("Hello World") ;a will be 11

a = StringByteLength("ä", #PB_UTF8)    ;a will be 2
b = StringByteLength("ä", #PB_Ascii)   ;b will be 1
c = StringByteLength("ä", #PB_Unicode) ;c will be 2

print len('ascii')
# 5

# The letter Alef
print len(u'\u05d0'.encode('utf-8'))
# 2
print len(u'\u05d0'.encode('iso-8859-8'))
# 1

#!/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
s = u"møøse"
assert len(s) == 5
assert len(s.encode('UTF-8')) == 7
assert len(s.encode('UTF-16-BE')) == 10 # There are 3 different UTF-16 encodings: LE and BE are little endian and big endian respectively, the third one (without suffix) adds 2 extra leading bytes: the byte-order mark (BOM).

import sys
sys.maxunicode # 1114111 on a wide build, 65535 on a narrow build

print len('ascii')
# 5
print len(u'\u05d0') # the letter Alef as unicode literal
# 1
print len('\xd7\x90'.decode('utf-8')) # Same encoded as utf-8 string
# 1
print hex(sys.maxunicode), len(unichr(0x1F4A9))
# ('0x10ffff', 1)

print hex(sys.maxunicode), len(unichr(0x1F4A9))
# ('0xffff', 2)

print(len(b'Hello, World!'))
# 13

# The letter Alef
print(len('\u05d0'.encode())) # the default encoding is utf-8 in Python3
# 2
print(len('\u05d0'.encode('iso-8859-8')))
# 1

#!/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
s = "møøse"
assert len(s) == 5
assert len(s.encode('UTF-8')) == 7
assert len(s.encode('UTF-16-BE')) == 10 # There are 3 different UTF-16 encodings: LE and BE are little endian and big endian respectively, the third one (without suffix) adds 2 extra leading bytes: the byte-order mark (BOM).
u="𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"
assert len(u.encode()) == 28
assert len(u.encode('UTF-16-BE')) == 28

print(len("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"))
# 7

import sys
sys.maxunicode # 1114111 on a wide build, 65535 on a narrow build

print(len('ascii'))
# 5
print(len('\u05d0')) # the letter Alef as unicode literal
# 1

print(len(b'\xd7\x90'.decode('utf-8'))) # Alef encoded as utf-8 byte sequence
# 1

print(hex(sys.maxunicode), len(unichr(0x1F4A9)))
# ('0x10ffff', 1)

print(hex(sys.maxunicode), len(unichr(0x1F4A9)))
# ('0xffff', 2)

a <- "m\u00f8\u00f8se"
print(nchar(a, type="bytes"))  # print 7

print(nchar(a, type="chars"))  # print 5

(define str "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332")

-> (printf "str has ~a characters" (string-length str))
str has 9 characters

-> (printf "str has ~a bytes in utf-8" (bytes-length (string->bytes/utf-8 str)))
str has 14 bytes in utf-8

;; r2
length? "møøse"

;; r3
length? to-binary "møøse"

;; r3
length? "møøse"

"møøse" getLength putn

chain: UTF8'
{{
  : utf+ ( $-$ )
    [ 1+ dup @ %11000000 and %10000000 = ] while ;

  : count ( $-$ )
    0 !here
    repeat dup @ 0; drop utf+ here ++ again ;
---reveal---
  : getLength ( $-n )
    count drop @here ;
}}
;chain

"møøse" ^UTF8'getLength putn

/*REXX program displays the lengths  (in bytes/characters)  for various strings.        */
    /*            1         */                         /*a handy-dandy over/under scale.*/
    /*   123456789012345    */
hello = 'Hello, world!'      ;        say  'the length of HELLO is '   length(hello)
happy = 'Hello, world! ☺'    ;        say  'the length of HAPPY is '   length(happy)
jose  = 'José'               ;        say  'the length of  JOSE is '   length(jose)
nill  = ''                   ;        say  'the length of  NILL is '   length(nill)
null  =                      ;        say  'the length of  NULL is '   length(null)
sum   = 5+1                  ;        say  'the length of   SUM is '   length(sum)
                                                       /*   [↑]  is, of course,  6.     */
                                                       /*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/

length of HELLO is  13
length of HAPPY is  15
length of  JOSE is  4
length of  NILL is  0
length of  NULL is  0
length of   SUM is  1

aString = "Welcome to the Ring Programming Language"
aStringSize = len(aString)
see  "Character lenghts : " + aStringSize

set "$local1" to "Hello world!"
* "String length: &$local1.length&"
end

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

puts "あいうえお".bytesize
# => 15

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

puts "あいうえお".length
# => 5

puts "あいうえお".size  # alias for length
# => 5

# -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*-
s = "møøse"
puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize
puts "Character length: %d" % s.length

Byte length: 5
Character length: 5

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
s = "møøse"
puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize
puts "Character length: %d" % s.length

Byte length: 7
Character length: 5

# -*- coding: gb18030 -*-
s = "møøse"
puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize
puts "Character length: %d" % s.length

Byte length: 11
Character length: 5

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class String
  # Define String#bytesize for Ruby 1.8.6.
  unless method_defined?(:bytesize)
    alias bytesize length
  end
end

s = "文字化け"
puts "Byte length: %d" % s.bytesize
puts "Character length: %d" % s.gsub(/./u, ' ').size

input a$
print len(a$)

data _null_;
   a="Hello, World!";
   b=length(c);
   put _all_;
run;

### Character Length

<lang>
fn main() {
    let s = "文字化け";  // UTF-8
    println!("Character length: {}", s.chars().count());
}

(string-size "Hello world")

(bytes-length #"Hello world")

  (string-length "Hello world")

# Change all characters to '|'.
s/./\|/g;

# Convert to digits
:convert
s/||||||||||/</g
s/<\([0-9]*\)$/<0\1/g
s/|||||||||/9/g;
s/|||||||||/9/g; s/||||||||/8/g; s/|||||||/7/g; s/||||||/6/g;
s/|||||/5/g; s/||||/4/g; s/|||/3/g; s/||/2/g; s/|/1/g;
s/</|/g
t convert
s/^$/0/

length("Hello, world!")

print(# "Hello, world!"); -- '#' is the cardinality operator. Works on strings, tuples, and sets.

var str = "J\x{332}o\x{332}s\x{332}e\x{301}\x{332}";

UTF-16 byte length:

```ruby
say str.encode('UTF-16').bytes.len;      #=> 20

### Grapheme Length


```ruby>say str.graphs.len;   #=> 4</lang


## Simula

Simula has no bultin support for character encodings (Unicode was not even invented in the year 1967). The encoding was regarded responsibility of the operating system and one byte must match one character.
So character constants encoded in UTF-8 are not possible.
But reading from a utf8-encoded input file is actually possible.

{{in}}

```txt
møøse
𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢
J̲o̲s̲é̲
€

BEGIN
    TEXT LINE;
    WHILE NOT LASTITEM DO
    BEGIN
        INTEGER L;
        LINE :- COPY(SYSIN.IMAGE).STRIP;
        OUTCHAR('"');
        OUTTEXT(LINE);
        OUTCHAR('"');
        OUTTEXT(" BYTE LENGTH = "); OUTINT(LINE.LENGTH, 0);
        OUTIMAGE;
        INIMAGE;
    END;
END.

"møøse" BYTE LENGTH = 7
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" BYTE LENGTH = 28
"J̲o̲s̲é̲" BYTE LENGTH = 13
"€" BYTE LENGTH = 3

BEGIN

    ! NUMBER OF UFT8 CHARACTERS IN STRING ;
    INTEGER PROCEDURE UTF8STRLEN(S); TEXT S;
    BEGIN
        INTEGER R, LEN, BYTES, ALLBYTES;
        CHARACTER BYTE;
        WHILE S.MORE DO
        BEGIN
            BYTE := S.GETCHAR;
            ALLBYTES := ALLBYTES + 1;
            R := RANK(BYTE);
            LEN := LEN + 1;
            BYTES :=
                IF R >=   0 AND R <= 127 THEN 1 ELSE ! 0....... ASCII ;
                IF R >= 128 AND R <= 191 THEN 0 ELSE ! 10...... CONTINUATION ;
                IF R >= 192 AND R <= 223 THEN 2 ELSE ! 110..... 10x ;
                IF R >= 224 AND R <= 239 THEN 3 ELSE ! 1110.... 10x 10x ;
                IF R >= 240 AND R <= 247 THEN 4 ELSE ! 11110... 10x 10x 10x ;
                  -1;
            IF BYTES = -1 THEN ERROR("ILLEGAL UTF8 STRING");
            WHILE BYTES > 1 DO
            BEGIN
                BYTE := S.GETCHAR;
                ALLBYTES := ALLBYTES + 1;
                BYTES := BYTES - 1;
            END;
        END;
        UTF8STRLEN := LEN;
    END UTF8STRLEN;

    TEXT LINE;
    WHILE NOT LASTITEM DO
    BEGIN
        INTEGER L;
        LINE :- COPY(SYSIN.IMAGE).STRIP;
        OUTCHAR('"');
        OUTTEXT(LINE);
        OUTCHAR('"');
        L := UTF8STRLEN(LINE);
        OUTTEXT(" CHARACTER LENGTH = "); OUTINT(UTF8STRLEN(LINE), 0);
        OUTIMAGE;
        INIMAGE;
    END;

END.

"møøse" CHARACTER LENGTH = 5
"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" CHARACTER LENGTH = 7
"J̲o̲s̲é̲" CHARACTER LENGTH = 8
"€" CHARACTER LENGTH = 1

object StringLength extends App {
  val s1 = "møøse"
  val s3 = List("\uD835\uDD18", "\uD835\uDD2B", "\uD835\uDD26",
    "\uD835\uDD20", "\uD835\uDD2C", "\uD835\uDD21", "\uD835\uDD22").mkString
  val s4 = "J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332"

    List(s1, s3, s4).foreach(s => println(
        s"The string: $s, characterlength= ${s.length} UTF8bytes= ${
      s.getBytes("UTF-8").size
    } UTF16bytes= ${s.getBytes("UTF-16LE").size}"))
}

The string: møøse, characterlength= 5 UTF8bytes= 7 UTF16bytes= 10
The string: 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢, characterlength= 14 UTF8bytes= 28 UTF16bytes= 28
The string: J̲o̲s̲é̲, characterlength= 9 UTF8bytes= 14 UTF16bytes= 18

'Hello, world!' length.

string := 'Hello, world!'.
string size.

string := 'Hello, world!'.
string numberOfCharacters.

PackageLoader fileInPackage: 'Iconv'

	output = "Byte length: " size(trim(input))
end

-include "utf.sno"
	output = "Char length: " utfsize(trim(input))
end

 sizeof "Hello, wørld!"
= 14

t = ["abc","J̲o̲s̲é̲","møøse","𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"]

> i, 1..#.size(t,1)
  ? i>1, #.output()
  #.output(#.quot,t[i],#.quot," contains")

  p = #.split(t[i])
  cn = #.size(p,1)
  s = #.str(cn,">3>")+" chars: "
  > j, 1..cn
    ? j>1, s += ", "
    s += p[j]
  <
  #.output(s)

  q = #.array(t[i])
  bn = #.size(q,1)
  s = #.str(bn,">3>")+" bytes: "
  > j, 1..bn
    ? j>1, s += ", "
    s += #.str(q[j],"X2")+"h"
  <
  #.output(s)
<

"abc" contains
  3 chars: a,b,c
  6 bytes: 61h, 00h, 62h, 00h, 63h, 00h

"J̲o̲s̲é̲" contains
  4 chars: J̲,o̲,s̲,é̲
 16 bytes: 4Ah, 00h, 32h, 03h, 6Fh, 00h, 32h, 03h, 73h, 00h, 32h, 03h, E9h, 00h, 32h, 03h

"møøse" contains
  5 chars: m,ø,ø,s,e
 10 bytes: 6Dh, 00h, F8h, 00h, F8h, 00h, 73h, 00h, 65h, 00h

"𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢" contains
  7 chars: 𝔘,𝔫,𝔦,𝔠,𝔬,𝔡,𝔢
 28 bytes: 35h, D8h, 18h, DDh, 35h, D8h, 2Bh, DDh, 35h, D8h, 26h, DDh, 35h, D8h, 20h, DDh, 35h, D8h, 2Ch, DDh, 35h, D8h, 21h, DDh, 35h, D8h, 22h, DDh

VALUES LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS16);
VALUES LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES LENGTH2('møøse');
VALUES LENGTH4('møøse');
VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS16);
VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES LENGTH2('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
VALUES LENGTH4('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS16);
VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS32);
VALUES LENGTH2('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
VALUES LENGTH4('J̲o̲s̲é̲');

db2 -t
db2 => VALUES LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS16);
1
-----------
          5

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
          5

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('møøse', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
          5

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH2('møøse');
1
-----------
          5

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH4('møøse');
1
-----------
          5

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS16);

1
-----------
         14

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
          7

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
          7

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH2('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
1
-----------
         14

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH4('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
1
-----------
          7

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS16);

1
-----------
          8

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
          8

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES CHARACTER_LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲', CODEUNITS32);
1
-----------
          8

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH2('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
1
-----------
          8

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH4('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
1
-----------
          8

  1 record(s) selected.

VALUES LENGTH('møøse');
VALUES LENGTHB('møøse');
VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
VALUES LENGTHB('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
VALUES LENGTHB('J̲o̲s̲é̲');

db2 -t
db2 => VALUES LENGTH('møøse');

1
-----------
          7

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTHB('møøse');
1
-----------
          7

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
1
-----------
         28

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTHB('𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢');
1
-----------
         28

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTH('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
1
-----------
         13

  1 record(s) selected.

db2 => VALUES LENGTHB('J̲o̲s̲é̲');
1
-----------
         13

  1 record(s) selected.

val strlen = size "Hello, world!";

val strlen = UTF8.size "Hello, world!";

scalar s="Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν"
di strlen(s)
di ustrlen(s)

let numberOfCharacters = "møøse".characters.count  // 5

let numberOfCharacters = count("møøse")            // 5

let numberOfCharacters = countElements("møøse")    // 5

let numberOfCodePoints = "møøse".unicodeScalars.count           // 5

let numberOfCodePoints = count("møøse".unicodeScalars)          // 5

let numberOfCodePoints = countElements("møøse".unicodeScalars)  // 5

let numberOfBytesUTF8 = "møøse".utf8.count           // 7

let numberOfBytesUTF8 = count("møøse".utf8)          // 7

let numberOfBytesUTF8 = countElements("møøse".utf8)  // 7

let numberOfBytesUTF16 = "møøse".utf16.count * 2           // 10

let numberOfBytesUTF16 = count("møøse".utf16) * 2          // 10

let numberOfBytesUTF16 = countElements("møøse".utf16) * 2  // 10

string length [encoding convertto utf-8 $theString]

set s1 "hello, world"
set s2 "\u304A\u306F\u3088\u3046"
set enc utf-8
puts [format "length of \"%s\" in bytes is %d" \
     $s1 [string length [encoding convertto $enc $s1]]]
puts [format "length of \"%s\" in bytes is %d" \
     $s2 [string length [encoding convertto $enc $s2]]]

string length "Hello, world!"

fconfigure stdout -encoding utf-8; #So that Unicode string will print correctly
set s1 "hello, world"
set s2 "\u304A\u306F\u3088\u3046"
puts [format "length of \"%s\" in characters is %d"  $s1 [string length $s1]]
puts [format "length of \"%s\" in characters is %d"  $s2 [string length $s2]]

■ dim("møøse")              5

" hello, world!" string.getLength

"møøse" length

"møøse" size

$$ MODE TUSCRIPT
string="hello, world"
l=LENGTH (string)
PRINT "character length of string '",string,"': ",l

Character length of string 'hello, world': 12

string='Hello, world!'
length=`expr "x$string" : '.*' - 1`
echo $length # if you want it printed to the terminal

string='Hello, world!'
length="${#string}"
echo $length # if you want it printed to the terminal

string s = "Hello, world!";
int characterLength = s.length;

LenB(string|varname)

Len(string|varname)

Module ByteLength
    Function GetByteLength(s As String, encoding As Text.Encoding) As Integer
        Return encoding.GetByteCount(s)
    End Function
End Module

Module CharacterLength
    Function GetUTF16CodeUnitsLength(s As String) As Integer
        Return s.Length
    End Function

    Private Function GetUTF16SurrogatePairCount(s As String) As Integer
        GetUTF16SurrogatePairCount = 0
        For i = 1 To s.Length - 1
            If Char.IsSurrogatePair(s(i - 1), s(i)) Then GetUTF16SurrogatePairCount += 1
        Next
    End Function

    Function GetCharacterLength_FromUTF16(s As String) As Integer
        Return GetUTF16CodeUnitsLength(s) - GetUTF16SurrogatePairCount(s)
    End Function

    Function GetCharacterLength_FromUTF32(s As String) As Integer
        Return GetByteLength(s, Text.Encoding.UTF32) \ 4
    End Function
End Module

Module GraphemeLength
    ' Wraps an IEnumerator, allowing it to be used as an IEnumerable.
    Private Iterator Function AsEnumerable(enumerator As IEnumerator) As IEnumerable
        Do While enumerator.MoveNext()
            Yield enumerator.Current
        Loop
    End Function

    Function GraphemeCount(s As String) As Integer
        Dim elements = Globalization.StringInfo.GetTextElementEnumerator(s)
        Return AsEnumerable(elements).OfType(Of String).Count()
    End Function
End Module

#Const PRINT_TESTCASE = True

Module Program
    ReadOnly TestCases As String() =
    {
        "Hello, world!",
        "møøse",
        "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢", ' String normalization of the file makes the e and diacritic in é̲ one character, so use VB's char "escapes"
        $"J{ChrW(&H332)}o{ChrW(&H332)}s{ChrW(&H332)}e{ChrW(&H301)}{ChrW(&H332)}"
    }

    Sub Main()
        Const INDENT = "    "
        Console.OutputEncoding = Text.Encoding.Unicode

        Dim writeResult = Sub(s As String, result As Integer) Console.WriteLine("{0}{1,-20}{2}", INDENT, s, result)

        For i = 0 To TestCases.Length - 1
            Dim c = TestCases(i)

            Console.Write("Test case " & i)
#If PRINT_TESTCASE Then
            Console.WriteLine(": " & c)
#Else
            Console.WriteLine()
#End If
            writeResult("graphemes", GraphemeCount(c))
            writeResult("UTF-16 units", GetUTF16CodeUnitsLength(c))
            writeResult("Cd pts from UTF-16", GetCharacterLength_FromUTF16(c))
            writeResult("Cd pts from UTF-32", GetCharacterLength_FromUTF32(c))
            Console.WriteLine()
            writeResult("bytes (UTF-8)", GetByteLength(c, Text.Encoding.UTF8))
            writeResult("bytes (UTF-16)", GetByteLength(c, Text.Encoding.Unicode))
            writeResult("bytes (UTF-32)", GetByteLength(c, Text.Encoding.UTF32))
            Console.WriteLine()
        Next

    End Sub
End Module

Test case 0: Hello, world!
    graphemes           13
    UTF-16 units        13
    Cd pts from UTF-16  13
    Cd pts from UTF-32  13

    bytes (UTF-8)       13
    bytes (UTF-16)      26
    bytes (UTF-32)      52

Test case 1: møøse
    graphemes           5
    UTF-16 units        5
    Cd pts from UTF-16  5
    Cd pts from UTF-32  5

    bytes (UTF-8)       7
    bytes (UTF-16)      10
    bytes (UTF-32)      20

Test case 2: 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢
    graphemes           7
    UTF-16 units        14
    Cd pts from UTF-16  7
    Cd pts from UTF-32  7

    bytes (UTF-8)       28
    bytes (UTF-16)      28
    bytes (UTF-32)      28

Test case 3: J̲o̲s̲é̲
    graphemes           4
    UTF-16 units        9
    Cd pts from UTF-16  9
    Cd pts from UTF-32  9

    bytes (UTF-8)       14
    bytes (UTF-16)      18
    bytes (UTF-32)      36

.data
string:         .asciz "Test"

.text
.globl  main

main:
        pushl   %ebp
        movl    %esp, %ebp

        pushl   %edi
        xorb    %al, %al
        movl    $-1, %ecx
        movl    $string, %edi
        cld
        repne   scasb
        not     %ecx
        dec     %ecx
        popl    %edi

        ;; string length is stored in %ecx register

        leave
        ret

include c:\cxpl\stdlib;
IntOut(0, StrLen("Character length = Byte length = String length = "))

49

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<xsl:value-of select="string-length('møøse')" />   <!-- 5 -->

put the length of "Hello World"

put the number of characters in "Hello World"

put the length of "Hello World"

put the number of characters in "Hello World"

System.print("møøse".bytes.count)
System.print("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢".bytes.count)
System.print("J̲o̲s̲é̲".bytes.count)

System.print("møøse".count)
System.print("𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢".count)
System.print("J̲o̲s̲é̲".count)

strlen("Hello, world!")

"abc".len() //-->3
"\ufeff\u00A2 \u20ac".len() //-->9 "BOM¢ €"

"abc".len() //-->3
"\ufeff\u00A2 \u20ac".len() //-->9
Data(0,Int,"\ufeff\u00A2 \u20ac") //-->Data(9) (bytes)
"J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332".len()  //-->14
"\U1D518;\U1D52B;\U1D526;\U1D520;\U1D52C;\U1D521;\U1D522;".len() //-->28

"abc".len(8) //-->3
"\ufeff\u00A2 \u20ac".len(8) //-->4 "BOM¢ €"
"\U1000;".len(8)  //-->Exception thrown: ValueError(Invalid UTF-8 string)
"\uD800" //-->SyntaxError : Line 2: Bad Unicode constant (\uD800-\uDFFF)
"J\u0332o\u0332s\u0332e\u0301\u0332".len(8) //-->9 "J̲o̲s̲é̲"
"\U1D518;\U1D52B;\U1D526;\U1D520;\U1D52C;\U1D521;\U1D522;".len(8) //-->7 "𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔢"